Tamil meaning :to be boiled, cooked by boiling or steaming, swelter
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to boil in a liquid, cook by boiling or by steaming; n. boiled rice, food; aviyal boiling, cooking, food, swelter, sultriness; avai (-pp-, -tt-) to cook, boil; aviẓ boiled rice; (Tinn.) aviyalu a kind of vegetable curry
Malayalam :aviyuka
Malayalam meaning :to boil on fire, be digested
Malayalam derivates :avikka, amikka to boil, digest; aviyal a kind of vegetable curry; boiling, cooking
Malayalam meaning :indigo plant, Indigofera tinctoria
Notes :The variant aviri is considered primary only because it is also found in the same form in Telugu.
Number in DED :0269
Proto-South Dravidian :*aviẓ-
Meaning :grain of boiled rice
Tamil :aviẓ
Tamil meaning :single grain of boiled rice
Kannada :avuḍu
Kannada meaning :a grain of anything
Kannada derivates :agaḷu, aguḷu a grain of boiled rice, a small lump of rice kneaded into a ball
Miscellaneous :KOR (O) avrɨ cooked rice
Notes :Kan. aguḷu is a regular (but apparently dialectal) development from *avuẓu < *aviẓ-u. The form itself is a rather apparent derivative from *avi- 'to boil'; the reason for the separation in DEDR is not quite clear (especially considering that Tam. aviẓ 'boiled rice' obviously the same word! - is found under *avi- as well.)
Number in DED :0270
Proto-South Dravidian :*avuḷi-
Meaning :pomfret
Tamil :avuḷiyā
Tamil meaning :pomfret, Stromatens
Malayalam :āvōli, āvēli, ākōli
Malayalam meaning :Stromatens
Notes :A Tamil-Malayalam isogloss with the usual "botanical irregularities".
Tamil derivates :aẓai (-pp-, -tt-) to call, cry out, summon; n. crying, weeping; aẓukuṇi tearful person, one who is always crying; aẓukai pathetic sentiment; aẓuŋku (aẓuŋki-) to weep; aẓuŋkal loud noise, uproar
Malayalam :aẓuka
Malayalam meaning :to weep, cry
Malayalam derivates :aẓaykkuka to shout, cry out
Kannada :aẓ, aẓu (aẓt-, att-)
Kannada meaning :to weep, cry
Kannada derivates :aẓ, aẓu, aẓa, aẓke, arke, akke weeping, lamenting; aẓasu, aẓisu to make to cry; aẓuvike crying; aẓukuḷi an easily crying or fretful person
Tulu :arpini
Tulu meaning :to weep, cry
Tulu derivates :arpāṭa lamentation; arpele one easily moved to tears, a fretful person; leppuni to call, invite; leppu, lāvu a cry
Notes :Two stems - one monosyllabic, one ending in *-ai- - are clearly seen throughout SDR, as far as Tulu, where the latter is syncopated (*aẓai-puni > leppuni).
Number in DED :0282
Proto-South Dravidian :*aẓag-
Meaning :beauty
Tamil :aẓaku
Tamil meaning :beauty, happiness, excellence
Tamil derivates :aẓakan_, aẓakiyan_, aẓakiyān_ handsome man; fem. aẓaki; aṇaŋku beauty, form (or with DEDR 116)
Notes :A Tamil-Malayalam isogloss. Several roots with close semantics and phonetics exist in SDR, but it is unclear how to derive these particular forms from any of them.
Tamil meaning :to burn, glow, shine, be acrid, become angry, envy; n. fire, flame, heat, pungency, rage
Tamil derivates :(Koll.) aṇal warmth; aẓalavan_, aẓalōn_ Agni, sun; aẓali fire; aẓalikkai burning smart; aẓar_ci burning sensation, pungency, rage, envy, inflammation in cattle; aẓar_r_u (aẓar_r_i-) to burn (tr.), heat, cause smarting (as a burn, caustic, poison), irritate; aẓar_r_i that which causes burning; aẓan_am heat, fire; aẓukku envy; aẓukkar_u (aẓakkar_i-) to be envious; aẓukkār_u envy; aẓuŋku (aẓuŋki-) to suffer, be in distress, anguish, grieve, sorrow, regret; aẓuŋkal affliction, compassion, pity; aẓukkam care, anxiety, concern; aṭalai trouble, distress (prob. < Te.)
Malayalam :aẓal
Malayalam meaning :heat, fire, heat of pepper, brightness, inflammation, grief
Malayalam derivates :aẓaluka to burn (as a wound, the eye from pepper), be chafed, burn from grief, envy, or lust; aẓalca excessive heat, inflammation; aẓar_r_uka to burn as with pepper, afflict
Kannada :aẓal (aẓald-), aḍalu (< Te.)
Kannada meaning :to grieve, be afflicted; n. grief
Kannada derivates :aẓaṭu to be in anguish (as the sick in a violent fever); aẓalike state of being afflicted; aẓalcu to make sorrowful, harass; aẓkaja, akkaja envy, jealousy; (PBh.) aẓv- to burn
Notes :This DEDR entry obviously contains two different stems. One has to be reconstructed as PSDR *aẓal-, present ubiquitously with the original meaning 'to burn' (but always with the secondary semantics of 'smart' as well). The other is *aẓ[u]-k-, found almost exclusively in Tamil (possibly also in such Kannaḍa forms as aẓkaja, akkaja, but these may actually belong elsewhere, see Mal. aẓivu, etc.).
Tamil meaning :to perish, be ruined, decay, be mutilated, fail, be defeated, suffer, be used up
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to destroy, spend, ruin, damage, efface, bring to a close; n. ruin, destruction; aẓipu, aẓippu destruction; aẓimpu evil deed; aẓimpan_ one who does evil; aẓivatu harm; aẓivu destruction, loss, immoral action, expenditure, defeat, distress; aẓan_, aẓan_am corpse (or with DEDR 284)
Malayalam :aẓiyuka
Malayalam meaning :to be destroyed, spent, sold, become loose, untied
Malayalam derivates :aẓikka to loose, waste, spend; aẓi, aẓivu, aẓiccal expense; aẓayuka to slacken (intr.); aẓekka to loosen, slacken
Kannada :aẓi
Kannada meaning :to be ruined, be destroyed, perish, decay, disappear, die; to ruin, destroy, etc.; n. ruin, waste, damage, loss
Kannada derivates :aẓipu, aẓavu, aẓivu, aẓusu, aẓiyisu, aẓisu, aẓicu, aẓupu to destroy; aẓipu, aẓivu, aẓihu, aẓupu, aẓuvu, aẓuhu, aẓvu ruin, destruction, death; aẓika destroyer; aẓikisu to efface, erase; (PBh.) aẓkāḍu to be consumed, finished; aḷar_u to be destroyed
Tulu :arpuni
Tulu meaning :to efface, waste, obliterate
Tulu derivates :aḷipuni, aḷiyuni, alipuni to perish, die, be destroyed, be ruined; aliyuni to perish, die, become extinct; alivu, aḷikaṭṭu, aḷiyantara extinction, ruin; areḍuni to spoil, corrupt, mar, destroy, ruin
Tamil meaning :place where the lagoon joins the sea
Tamil derivates :aẓi-vāy sandbank at the mouth of a river or harbour; aẓivi inlet to a backwater, mouth of a river; aẓivu mouth of a river
Malayalam :aẓi
Malayalam meaning :bar, rivermouth
Kannada :aẓave
Kannada meaning :mouth of a river in which the tide ebbs and flows, bar
Tulu :aḷuve
Tulu meaning :mouth of a river, harbour
Tulu derivates :(B-K.) āṇa the entrance to a harbour
Miscellaneous :KOR (M) aḷūbāgalu the mouth of a river
Notes :More often met as a compound: *aẓi-vāj (where *vāj = 'mouth'), whence Kan. aẓave, Tulu aḷu-ve, etc., with vowel reduction in the 2nd syllable. In Koraga the compound is different: *aẓi-vāyil (see *vāɣil 'doorway, entrance'). No etymology outside of SDR.
Number in DED :0278
Proto-South Dravidian :*aẓi
Meaning :lattice
Tamil :aẓi, aḷi
Tamil meaning :lattice
Malayalam :aẓi, aḷi
Malayalam meaning :bars of bamboo, lattice, trellis
Notes :This seems to be a rather variegated mix of forms, some of which may not belong here at all and some are almost certainly the result of interborrowings (most notably the Nilgiri forms like Toda arkyn, which clearly display the presence of dental -r- and could only have appeared under the influence of Kannaḍa dialects). The original form must have been the bisyllabic root *aẓi-; in Kannaḍa it served as the basis for the complex form *aẓi-kar_ai (second component unclear) > *aẓkar_e, which was later appropriated by neighbouring dialects.
Number in DED :0281
Proto-South Dravidian :*aẓincil-
Meaning :Alangium lamarckii
Tamil :aẓiñcil, aẓiñcu, aṇiñcil
Tamil meaning :sage-leaved alangium, Alangium lamarckii
Malayalam :aẓiññil
Malayalam meaning :Alangium decapetalum
Malayalam derivates :araññil the buttress tree (? = aẓiññil)
Notes :If Skt. aŋkola- 'Alangium hexapetalum' is indeed an old borrowing from Dravidian, the SDR form may represent an old palatalisation: *aẓiŋkil- > *aẓiñcil-. Unfortunately, the word is not attested outside Tamil-Malayalam.
Number in DED :0280
Proto-South Dravidian :*aẓu-
Meaning :fortress, wall
Tamil :aẓuvam
Tamil meaning :fortress
Malayalam :aẓu, aẓuku
Malayalam meaning :high wall of irregular stones around an orchard, mud wall
Notes :A Tamil-Malayalam isogloss of obscure origin. Same as aẓuvam 'greatness'?
Number in DED :0286
Proto-South Dravidian :*aẓu-
Meaning :greatness
Tamil :aẓuvam
Tamil meaning :greatness, abundance, excellence, expanse
Kannada :aḷumba
Kannada meaning :excess, greatness, excellence, further, etc.
Number in DED :0287
Proto-South Dravidian :*aẓ[u]-k-
Meaning :dirt, filth
Tamil :aẓukku
Tamil meaning :dirt, stain, excrement, impurity of mind or soul, discharges after confinement
Malayalam :aẓukku, aẓuŋŋu, aẓukkal
Malayalam meaning :dirt, filth
Tulu :aḍaka, aḍka, aḍụkajāgụ
Tulu meaning :an unclean place, a burying place
Notes :Most probably a nominal derivative of *aẓ[u]-ŋ- 'to be spoiled, rot' q.v.
Tamil meaning :to press down, press hard, make firm, compact, insist on, plunge, immerse; n. pressure, imprint
Tamil derivates :aẓuttam hardness (as of wood), closeness of texture as of cloth, durability, emphasis, profoundness in one's mental application; aẓuntu (aẓunti-) to become pressed, be impressed, become firm, compact, persist, be immersed
Malayalam :aẓuttu
Malayalam meaning :strong texture, pregnant speech, full of dregs
Malayalam derivates :aẓuttuka to fix, set; aẓuntuka to be immersed, plunge, sink
Kannada :aẓdu, addu, ajju, eddu
Kannada meaning :to immerse, dip, dye; sink in a fluid
Kannada derivates :addayisu to immerse, put into; addike, adduge immersion
Notes :Kota aj- is a good match semantically, but unclear phonetically (a unique case of the development *-ẓ[u]t- > -j- in this language). The stem formally looks like a complex one, with the suffix *-nd-, but the simple root is not attested.
Tamil derivates :aẓuŋkal ruin; aẓuku (aẓuki-) to rot, decompose, putrefy; aẓukal rotten fruit, putrefied matter, uncleanness; aẓan_, aẓan_am corpse (or with DEDR 277)
Malayalam :aẓukuka
Malayalam meaning :to rot, decay
Malayalam derivates :aẓukkuka to putrefy
Kannada :aẓugu
Kannada meaning :to decay, rot, spoil by being overboiled
Kannada derivates :aẓkame state of being decayed, dissolved, digested; aẓku to be worn out, decayed, digested; aẓkisu, akkisu to digest; aẓgu to be dissolved, decay