Тамильские производные:acarttu (acartti-) to cause to be drowsy or sluggish; acati drowsiness; acappu inattentiveness, absence of mind; acāvu (acāvi-) to droop, languish, grow slack; acā languor, faintness; acai (-v-, -nt-) to be weary, exhausted, grow feeble, walk or ride slowly; acaivu weariness, exhaustion; añar (-v-, -nt-) to be lazy, slothful; n. mental distress, disease; ayar (-v-,-nt-) to lose consciousness (as in fainting, sleep, drunkenness), become weary, forget; (-pp-, -tt-) to forget; ayarcci, ayarti languor, faintness, forgetfulness; ayarppu, ayarvu forgetfulness; ayā languor, faintness; ayāvu (ayāvi-) to be distressed; añcal laziness, sloth
Каннада значение:to feel disgusted, have an aversion or a dislike, be impatient; n. fatigue, faintness
Каннада производные:asurusuru exhaustion; ayil, aylu bewilderment, madness; āsar_ to be weary; n. weariness, fatigue, languor
Тулу:ajakè
Тулу значение:idleness
Тулу производные:? āsarụ thirst, that which slakes thirst
Комментарии:As is often the case, there may be several roots confused in this DED entry; the most dubious forms are those in which Tamil has a palatal nasal (añar, añcal), because that would mean the original form is *anǯ-, although no other SDR languages show any forms with the nasal. The difference in semantics is also striking: "faint, drowsy, weary" vs. "lazy, slothful". The rest of the forms, however, are hard to separate from each other.
Комментарии:Two basic stems can be reconstructed for PSDR: *ata-n 'father' and *ata-i 'father's sister; mother-in-law'. However, the former is not really met outside of the Tamil-Malayalam area.
Номер по DED:0142
Праюжно-дравидийский:*atāẓa-
Значение:evening; supper
Тамильский:attāḷam
Тамильское значение:supper
Тамильские производные:attāẓam evening
Малаялам:attāẓam
Малаяльское значение:supper
Комментарии:An obscure Tamil-Malayalam isogloss, paired with *mutāẓa- 'morning; breakfast'. There is no productive suffix like *-āẓ- in SDR; the words look like borrowings from some outside source.
Номер по DED:0143
Праюжно-дравидийский:*aṭ-
Значение:to discharge, flow, urinate
Тамильский:aṭṭu (aṭṭi-)
Тамильское значение:to be discharged as pus, flow as honey; to pour (tr.)
Малаялам:aṭiyuka
Малаяльское значение:(eye) suffers from excessive secretion
Малаяльские производные:aṭṭuka to pour, (Kauṭ.) discharge (urine)
Комментарии:A dubious Nilgiri isogloss. If the comment about Toda oṭ < Badaga haṭṭu is true, both forms may reflect an older *paṭ-, but no such form seems to be present in Kannada either.
Тамильские производные:aṭukkaḷai kitchen; aṭicil, aṭucil boiled rice; aṭuppu oven, fireplace for cooking, fire in the oven; aṭṭil kitchen, place for performing sacrifical ceremonies; aṭṭu a cake of coarse sugar; aṭṭ-uppu salt produced by evaporation; āṭu cooking, boiling, distillation
Каннада значение:to cook, boil, dress, prepare a meal, mature (tr.); n. cooking
Каннада производные:aḍi, aḍe cooking; aḍike, aẓke, aḍige, aḍuge cooking, boiling, etc.; aṭṭu to evaporate, dry up; n. the state of being free from moisture; aṭṭisu to cause to evaporate by boiling; aṭṭ-uppu salt produced by evaporation; aṇṭarisu to evaporate, as water by boiling; (Hav.) aṭṭumbaḷa kitchen
Комментарии:The variations in vowel length are due to the "gemination resistance" of the inlaut -v-, occasionally seen in other stems of the same type, i. e. the lengthening *āval < *avval is compensatory in nature. More troublesome is the initial h- in Kannaḍa and Tulu, as well as the origins of several different vocalic stems. The most common stem seems to be the nominal form *avali (the verb avali, āvali in Tamil is clearly secondary), but Tamil also has avala-m, whereas Malayalam has a simple āval < *avval. External parallels (Telugu) show that *aval-i is the most obvious candidate for PDR status.
Номер по DED:0265
Праюжно-дравидийский:*avaṇ- ~ *ambaṇ-
Значение:a weight or measure
Тамильский:avaṇam, amaṇam
Тамильское значение:a measure = 20,000 areca-nuts
Тамильские производные:ampaṇam a grain measure
Малаялам:avaṇam
Малаяльское значение:a weight or measure, a mason's rule or level
Комментарии:If the IA parallels given by Burrow & Emeneau (Pali ambaṇa-, ammaṇa- 'measure of capacity' < (?) Skt. armaṇa- 'a measure of one droṇa) belong here, the Tamil-Malayalam isogloss is obviously of IA origin.
Комментарии:A Tamil-Kannaḍa isogloss of unclear origin. The auslaut vowel is provisionally written as -a-, because a form like *avas-u would have naturally yielded an assimilated reflex *avus-u, but it cannot be excluded that -u- is primary either. The stem formally looks like a derivative from a verbal root *av[a]-, but no such root is attested. Burrow & Emeneau propose a relation with Tam. camai 'get ready, prepare, etc.', but this would be based on the traditional assumption of unconditioned "free variation" between initial affricates and zero in SDR, which has to be rejected.
