Tamil meaning :to rise, be elevated, grow, spread, overflow
Tamil derivates :nivar (-v-, -nt-) to rise high; nivappu elevation, height; ivar (-v-, -nt-) to rise on high, ascend, spring, leap, rush out, climb over, mount; iya (-pp-, -nt-) to pass beyond, excel, transcend; iyakkam greatness, excellence
Malayalam :nikakka
Malayalam meaning :to rise
Malayalam derivates :ivaram height; ivaruka to rise up; ivarttuka to lift, raise; ekaruka to ascend, rise; ekarttuka, ekattuka to lift, raise; ekaram height, uphill
Kannada :nege, nese
Kannada meaning :to rise, ascend, go upward, jump
Kannada derivates :negapu, negavu to lift up, hold uplifted; negasu to cause to jump or jump over; egaru to rise, fly, jump; egarisu to cause to rise, cause to fly, cause to jump, shoplift; egarike jumping; egu rising, embarkation; egā digā up and down; (Hav.) neggu to lift
Kodagu :nekkura
Kodagu meaning :cliff
Tulu :negiyuni
Tulu meaning :to rise, come up
Tulu derivates :negipuni to leap, jump, spring up; negapuni to overflow; negattụ overflowing
Miscellaneous :KOR (M) negɨ to lift
Notes :Two roots here, one with the meaning 'to rise' (*neg-), the other with the meaning 'to jump' (*Iv-). Both have been contaminated to the point of unrecognizability.
Tamil meaning :to weave as clothes, string, link together
Tamil derivates :neyvār the caste of weavers; neyvu weaving; necavu weaving, act of weaving, texture, intertexture, web; ? nēyavai curtain
Malayalam :neyka
Malayalam meaning :to weave, plait mats
Malayalam derivates :neyttu weaving; neypu a large mat for treading out corn in sandy districts; neyyal weaving
Kannada :nē̆y, nē̆yi, neyyu, nē, nēyu
Kannada meaning :to weave, entwine
Kannada derivates :neyi, nē, nēyu weaving, a web; nē̆yige, nē̆yge, nēge id., entwining or being entwined; neysu, nēyisu to cause to weave; nē̆yikār_a, neygekār_a, nēkār_a weaver
Tamil meaning :butter, ghee, oil, grease, fat, honey
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to be glossy, polished, be fat, plump, become greasy, unctuous, or sticky; neyppu unctuousness, oiliness, gloss, polish; nēyam ghee, oil
Malayalam :ney
Malayalam meaning :any unctuous substance, grease, fat, oil, lard, ghee
Tamil meaning :white Indian water-lily, Nymphaea lotus alba; blue nelumbo, tuber of red Indian water-lily, maritime tract, sorrow of lovers due to separation (assigned by convention to the maritime tract)
Kannada meaning :Indian rhododendron, Melastoma malabathricum
Tulu :nekkarè, nekkārụ
Tulu meaning :Indian rhododendron, Melastoma malabathricum
Number in DED :3734
Proto-South Dravidian :*ńeḷ-
Meaning :hollow; depression, hole
Tamil :ñeḷ (ñeḷv-, ñeṇṭ-)
Tamil meaning :to become hollow
Tamil derivates :ñeḷḷal hole, hollow, pit, depression; ñeḷi, neḷi (-v-, -nt-) to be hollow, be dented, bent out of shape as vessels
Kannada :naḷḷu
Kannada meaning :a nallah or depression in the ground
Kannada derivates :noḷale (moḷale) a shell or tube; (Hav.) ñaḷi to dimple; n. a dimple
Tulu :nali
Tulu meaning :dent, dimple as of a metallic vessel
Tulu derivates :nalipuni to indent, bruise; naliyuni to be indented, dimpled as a metallic vessel; nalligè, nallè, nallyè a hollow; n- būruni to be dimpled, depressed; (B-K) alụŋgụ, aḷụŋgụ to be soft, get a dent as a metallic vessel
Number in DED :2931
Proto-South Dravidian :*ńeḷ-
Meaning :to make sounds
Tamil :ñeḷ (ñeḷv-, ñeṇṭ-)
Tamil meaning :to sound
Tamil derivates :ñeḷḷal sounding; ñeḷir (-v-, -nt-) to sound in a high pitch; n. gentle vibrant sound, sound; neḷir (-v-, -nt-) to make noise; n. voice at high pitch
Malayalam :ñeḷḷu
Malayalam meaning :imit. sound of crash, burst
Kannada :neḷḷu
Kannada meaning :to groan, moan
Kannada derivates :neẓil, niẓi a sound imitating that of breaking
Tamil meaning :to crawl, wriggle, writhe, bend, roll in
Tamil derivates :(-pp-, -tt-) to cause to bend, twist, wriggle or distort the body in walking, commonly in affectation; neḷippu affected gesture of the body, as of a vain person; neḷiyal crookedness, deformity; neḷivu crawling, writhing; (Koll.) neṇṭ- to wriggle
Malayalam :ñeḷiyuka
Malayalam meaning :to stretch oneself, strut, walk affectedly, proudly
Malayalam derivates :ñeḷivu overbearance; ñeḷikka to bend the body backwards
Kannada :naḷi
Kannada meaning :to grow bent or curved, bow, bend
Tamil meaning :to break, give way as under a weight
Tamil derivates :ñemiṭu (ñemiṭi-) to crush, press out with the hands, rub; ñemir (-v-, -nt-) to be crushed, compressed, be pressed out as pulp; break, snap off; (-pp-, -tt-) to press with the hands; snap, break off (intr.); ñemuŋku (ñemuŋki-) to yield to pressure, be pressed in, squeezed as ripe fruit, be compact, in close contact; ñemukku (ñemukki-) to press hard; ñemukkam yielding to pressure; namuku (namuki-) to yield under pressure; namuṭṭu (namuṭṭi-) to pinch; nimiṭṭu (nimiṭṭi-) to pinch (as in punishment), rub or crush between the hands; nimiṭu (nimiṭi-) to feel between the fingers; nimiṇṭu (nimiṇṭi-) to crush, squeeze between the hands as grain, pinch, nip off
Malayalam :ñamuṇṭuka
Malayalam meaning :to squeeze, knead (e. g. rice with curry as Brahmans do when eating)
Malayalam derivates :ñeviṇṭuka to bruise between the fingers, squeeze; ñamuŋŋuka to yield to pressure, sink, bulge
Kodagu :ñavṇḍ- (ñavṇḍi-)
Kodagu meaning :to squeeze
Tulu :nauṇṭuni
Tulu meaning :to pinch
Tulu derivates :nauntu squeezing, pinching, crushing; naumpuni to entangle
Number in DED :2926
Proto-South Dravidian :*nem-i
Meaning :a k. of plant
Kannada :nemmi
Kannada meaning :Dalbergia oujeinensis
Number in DED :3744
Proto-South Dravidian :*nen-p-
Meaning :rung of ladder
Tamil :nempu
Tamil meaning :joining dowel or nail, pins for jewels, rung or round of a ladder, ribs joining together the two beams of a well-sweep, serving also as steps for the man who treads it, ribs
Tamil derivates :nen_pu rung of a ladder, wooden pin
Malayalam :(?) numpu
Malayalam meaning :a nail with two points to join planks
Tamil meaning :to break, snap off, be crushed; n. cut or broken piece
Tamil derivates :neri (-v-, -nt-) to be crushed, broken, smashed, be routed, arch, curve, bend; (-pp-, -tt-) to break to pieces, crush, press, squeeze, rub or crush with the hands as ears of corn, break the knuckles (as women in distress), crack (as the fingers), rout; n. crack, bruise, smash; nerical anything broken or cracked, corneal ulcer; nerivu cracking, pressing, crushing; variance, discord, disunion; neruŋku (neruŋki-) to be pressed, compressed, squeezed, be confined, narrow as a road or doorway, be vehement, prevail (as disease, famine, wild beasts, robbers), be urgent, be overwhelming, rebuke, be angry with; nerukku (nerukki-) to press hard, exert pressure upon, circumscribe, contract, squeeze, bruise, mash, oppress, persecute, distress, urge, importune, solicit earnestly (as a creditor), choke, smother, throttle, compel, force, coerce, attack, assail, assault, be frequent, persevere, rage, prevail (as famine), be severe (as epidemics), be abundant (as rain); nerukku, nerukkam narrowness, straitness, tightness, pressure of business, closeness of application, frequency, constancy, urgency, compulsion, restraint, coercion, distress, trouble, oppression, tyranny, harshness, severity (as of t hetimes, the weather, an epidemic), closefistedness; nerukkaṭam pressure; nekku (nekki-) to press, push; n. push, thrust; nakaḷ (nakaḷv-, nakaṇṭ-) to be crushed; neruṭu (neruṭi-) to roll in the hand, rub gently with the fingers; n. rubbing with the fingers; nari (-v-, -nt-) to torture, torment; (-pp-, -tt-) to torment, crush, perish; narippu being crushed; narukku (narukki-) to mash, crush or grind to pieces, kill, cut in pieces, mince (as vegetables), thump, hit with the knuckles; n. hitting with the knuckles; naruŋku (naruŋki-) to be mashed, crushed to pieces; narumpu (narumpi-) to gnash the teeth, cut into pieces
Malayalam :ñeriyuka
Malayalam meaning :to crack (as under a weight), crush, be smashed
Malayalam derivates :neriyuka to be crushed; ñerikka to quash, smash; ñericcal crushing, etc.; ñeruŋŋuka to be pressed, thronged, straitened; ñerukkam straits, tightness, poverty; ñerukkuka to press, compress, constrain, threaten; ñeŋŋuka, ñaŋŋuka to become soft or mellow, malleable as gold, yield, sink; ñaṇuŋŋuka to be bulged, crushed; ñaṇukkuka to bulge, crush; ñekkuka to press, strangle, squeeze, crush
Kannada :naggu
Kannada meaning :to become bruised (as a metal vessel); n. a bruise in metal vessels
Kannada derivates :naggisu to cause to get bruised; nekku to be depressed, sink; neẓgu, neggu to be curved or bent inward, sink in, sink, disappear, get a bruise, be bruised; crush, smash; naraku, naruku to bruise, contriturate
Kodagu :neri- (neriv-, neriñj-)
Kodagu meaning :to become twisted around in an entangled fashion (creeper on legs, python around goat), (cloth) is wrung out
Kodagu derivates :(nerip-, neric-) to wring (cloth, fowl's neck); (Kar.) nekk- (-i-) to press
Tulu :ñaŋŋụ, ñakkụ
Tulu meaning :crushing, bruising into a jelly or mass
Tulu derivates :narguni to be bruised, crushed, be close (as a cluster of fruits); nargāvuni to bruise, crush; nargāṭa bruising; naraguḍuni to bruise, crush, torment; narụnuru bruised; ? niŋgalụ, niŋgolụ broken rice, grit
Tamil derivates :neraṭu, neruṭu that which is rough (as a road), rugged (as style), knotty or abstruse (as a passage); niraṭu coarseness, roughness; neri roughness
Kannada :naraḍu
Kannada meaning :roughness
Tulu :naraḍụ
Tulu meaning :roughness, wart, protuberance; rough, craggy
Notes :Tamil neraṭu is irregular and is either developed by analogy with neri or simply borrowed from Telugu. Kannada and Tulu vocalism is irregular as well, but at least such irregular cases of *-I- > -a- before a strong *-á- do occur.
