Tungus etymology : Query result

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)aK-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to menstruate 2 dirt 3 rust, mould 4 to rust, mould

Russian meaning: 1 менструировать 2 грязь 3 ржавчина, плесень 4 ржаветь, плесневеть

Evenki: akapču- 1

Even: oqụ, aqụ̄sa 3, oqụ̄-, aqụ̄- 4

Solon: akụ 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 24, 2, 11.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)aKa(k)ta

Meaning: cross-bow, bow

Russian meaning: лук, самострел

Even: akata, akota

Comments: ТМС 1, 25. Cf. perhaps also *aKa-ri: Evk. akari 'fish fin', Neg. akajị 'upper edge of a river foreland' (ТМС 1, 24).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xakta-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to castrate (a deer) 2 castrated deer

Russian meaning: 1 кастрировать (оленя) 2 кастрированный олень

Evenki: akta- 1, aktakī 2

Even: āt- 1, ata 2

Negidal: aktawčā 2

Orok: χaqta 2

Nanai: χaqta- 1, χaqtaqto 2

Solon: attamal 'testiculi'

Comments: ТМС 1, 26. Initial x- in Southern TM proves firmly (despite Doerfer MT 17) that the root is not borrowed < Mong. aɣta 'castrated horse' (although some forms - namely, Sol. akta, Nan., Man. aqta morin 'castrated horse' - certainly are, and should be kept apart from the reflexes of PTM *xakta-).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xaku-kan (/*k-)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: doll

Russian meaning: кукла

Ulcha: χaqụa(n)

Orok: χoqo(n)

Nanai: aqoã

Oroch: xakuã

Comments: ТМС 1, 459. Cf. also *kakura-kta 'decorative bells' (ТМС 1, 375).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xala-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tug, belt

Russian meaning: лямка, ремень

Evenki: alaɣ

Even: al

Negidal: ala, alan

Ulcha: χala

Orok: χalị

Nanai: χala

Oroch: ala

Udighe: ala

Comments: ТМС 1, 28-29. Аникин 80 proposes: Evk. > Khant. ălak > Russ. dial. alák, álak > Yak. ālɨk, Ket alǝk, Yukagh. aɫik; cf. also Nivkh halɨk id. This would make the etymology of Ket alǝk presented in Старостин 1995, 181 ( = PNC *hwǝ̄lkwē 'chariot') obsolete.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)ala

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: tasty, sweet

Russian meaning: вкусный, сладкий

Evenki: ala

Even: alъ̣qē̂

Negidal: alagdị

Comments: ТМС 1, 27.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xalā-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: to wait

Russian meaning: ждать

Evenki: alā-č-

Even: alač-

Negidal: alāč-

Spoken Manchu: iali- (1439, 3034)

Literary Manchu: aĺa-

Ulcha: xala-čị-

Orok: xalā-čị-

Nanai: xala-či-

Oroch: alā-či-

Udighe: ala-si-

Solon: alāš́-

Comments: ТМС 1, 29-30.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)al-dan

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: frazil (in spring, close to the shore)

Russian meaning: наледь (весной у берега)

Negidal: aldan

Comments: ТМС 1, 31.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xaldi-

Meaning: to hack, polish

Russian meaning: тесать, полировать

Evenki: aldi-

Even: aldъ̣-

Negidal: aldị-

Literary Manchu: anǯi-

Ulcha: χaldị-

Orok: χalǯị-

Nanai: χalǯi-

Comments: ТМС 1, 31.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)algi-n

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: otter (male)

Russian meaning: выдра (самец)

Negidal: algị̄

Literary Manchu: algin

Comments: ТМС 1, 30.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xalī-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: bog, swamp

Russian meaning: болото, болотная растительность

Evenki: alīkta 'тальник (на гольцах)', 'поросль (на гари)'

Literary Manchu: χali

Orok: χālčị

Nanai: χalõ

Comments: ТМС 1, 32, 461.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xalu-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: snow (falling in flakes)

Russian meaning: снег (падающий хлопьями)

Evenki: alunti

Negidal: altamị

Orok: χalụqta

Comments: ТМС 1, 34.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xalu-kta

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 membrane, dandruff 2 birch bark

Russian meaning: 1 мездра, перхоть 2 береста

Evenki: alukta 1

Even: altъ 1

Negidal: alta 1

Literary Manchu: alχuwa 1, alan 2

Orok: χalụqta 1

Nanai: χaloqta 1

Oroch: alukta 1

Udighe: alu, alukta 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 33-34.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *[x]amū-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 faeces, dung 2 to defecate 3 snuff, thief (in a pipe)

Russian meaning: 1 испражнения, кал, помет 2 испражняться 3 нагар (в трубке)

Evenki: amū-n 1, amū-n- 2

Even: amụ 3

Negidal: amụn 1, amụt- 2

Spoken Manchu: hamǝ (100) 1, hamǝtǝ- (101) 2

Literary Manchu: χamu 1, χamu-ta- 2

Ulcha: amụ 1, amčị- 2

Orok: amụ(n) 1, amụ- 2

Nanai: amõ 1, am-čị- 2

Oroch: amụ 1

Udighe: amu- 1, amukta- 2

Solon: amụ̃ 1

Comments: ТМС 1, 40. No doubt a common TM root, although phonology is extremely peculiar. Initial *x- is indicated here by Manchu χ- (which is a facultative reflex of PTM *x-, more often disappearing in Manchu) and supported by external evidence. If this is the case, the Southern forms (Nanai, Orok and Ulcha) are to be explained as Northern (but not Manchu!) loanwords.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)an(d)ikta

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: mint; name of a geranium-like plant

Russian meaning: мята; назв. растения (из семейства гераниевых)

Evenki: anī, anikta

Negidal: anị̄kta 'willow-herb'

Oroch: anikta

Comments: ТМС 1, 43.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)an(d)u-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: 1 to accuse 2 to tease

Russian meaning: 1 обвинять 2 дразнить, надоедать

Evenki: anū- 1

Negidal: anut- 2

Comments: ТМС 1, 44.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)aŋulī

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: deer skin (with fading hair)

Russian meaning: шкура оленя (с линяющей шерстью)

Evenki: aŋulī

Comments: ТМС 1, 46. Attested only in Evk., but having probable external parallels.

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xap-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: fish bladder

Russian meaning: рыбий пузырь

Evenki: kapata

Negidal: āpị

Ulcha: χāpa

Comments: ТМС 1, 11, 376. K- in Evk. is probably due to a contamination with *kepu- (v. sub *kup`e).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *xapina(bu)

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: wasp, bee

Russian meaning: оса, пчела

Ulcha: χapuna

Orok: χapịnawụ(n)

Oroch: xapinu

Udighe: afuna`u (Корм. 209)

Comments: ТМС 1, 462. Cf. also Evk. awawa 'butterfly' (ТМС 1, 8).

Proto-Tungus-Manchu: *(x)apkā-

Altaic etymology: Altaic etymology

Meaning: oak tree

Russian meaning: дуб

Negidal: apkā-kta

Comments: ТМС 1, 47.