Comments:Владимирцов 172. The Korean form speaks in favour of reconstructing palatal *-ń-; Turkic and Tungus reveal a secondary -ŋ- resulting from a suffixed form *číń(o)-gV ( = Mong. *čineɣe).
Comments:See АПиПЯЯ 13, 14. A Western isogloss. The Turkic forms (where both the meanings 'to taste' and 'to get accustomed (*to taste)' are represented), provide a good link between TM *ǯutī- 'sweet' and Mong. *dadu- 'to get accustomed'. See also notes to *dasa.
Comments:Владимирцов 258, АПиПЯЯ 13, 19, 49-50, 70, 285, Дыбо 11. Mong. dabu-su regularly < *dabur-su; borrowing in Mong. < Turk. is absolutely improbable, despite Щербак 1997, 160. The Turk.-Mong. parallel is an old etymology (starting with Pelliot 1935, 231) which Doerfer (TMN 2, 510-511) tries in vain to refute. A small problem is the preservation of *-b- (one should rather expect *daɣu(r)-sun in Mong.), which should be probably explained by an old assimilation *či̯obeŕV- > *či̯opeŕV in pre-PM. For Jpn. one has to assume a rather universal semantic change 'bitter' > 'hard, unbearable'. Cf. perhaps also MKor. čùijǝ̀mí 'vinegar dregs'.
Comments:АПиПЯЯ 13 (with a different Mong. parallel). Mong. *düji- has a secondary narrowing < *döji-; the early PJ form must have been *tǝjV, with a subsequent contraction.
Comments:Vocalism is not quite clear: in TM one would expect *ǯial-, but the existing forms point rather to *ǯal- (note, however, that TM *-ia- and -a- tend to get confused after affricates).
Comments:АПиПЯЯ 13. The Mong. reflex is not quite certain: it is attested only in Kalm. and not quite satisfactory vocalically. The root is phonetically very close to *či̯úŕu 'string', and was obviously liable to contaminations (in particular, Jpn. *túrá 'row' may actually continue either root).
Comments:АПиПЯЯ 281,13; Дыбо 311-312, 323-324. Despite Doerfer MT 77, the TM forms are hardly borrowed from Mong. ǯiru-, which happens to have a quite different origin (see *ńi̯ăŕe). Cf. also *č`iŕV.
Comments:Ozawa 120-121, АПиПЯЯ 72, 92, 274. The Jpn. form may reflect a contraction of the suffixed *či̯ū́n(u)-gV, but since loss of *-n- is not attested elsewhere, one cannot exclude a monosyllabic reconstruction *či̯ū, with a suffix *-n added in Turkic and TM. Cf. also Mong. *činar 'quality, image' (see Владимирцов 172, Poppe 15, 69; in VEWT 478 and KW 441 considered to be borrowed < Uygh. tɨnar).
