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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"ru"-, *bu"r-ke-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to cover upface="Times New Roman Star"ïîêðûâàòü, çàêðûâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"n- 'to be covered' (MK, KB), bu"rkek 'cloudy', bu"rku"r- 'to become cloudy' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"- (also of clouds), bu"rge, bu"rgu" 'kerchief, thin curtain'face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rke|-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- (MA, Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"burka-face="Times New Roman Star"pu"(r)ka"-
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"re-face="Times New Roman Star"pu"rge-face="Times New Roman Star"pu"rge-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke-
face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|rke-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"j-; bu"rku"j- 'to become cloudy'face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"j-; bu"rku"k 'cloudy'face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge- (also of clouds)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rhu"-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rko"-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke-face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rka"-n- 'to be covered', bo"rko"u" 'stifling'
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"-
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke-
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- (also of clouds)face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 363, 367, ÄÒÑ 133, VEWT 92, ÝÑÒß 2, 296-298, Stachowski 68. The form in -ke- is an intensive and can hardly be regarded as a mongolism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to end, accomplish 2 to be ended 3 to create, build 4 to heal 5 to grow, ripenface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîí÷àòü, çàâåðøàòü 2 êîí÷àòüñÿ 3 ñîçäàâàòü, ñòðîèòü 4 çàæèâàòü 5 âûðàñòàòü, âûçðåâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bet- 2, bet-e|s?- 4face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2face="Times New Roman Star"pyt-, put- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"pu"d-u"r- 3face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|t- 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bo"t- 2, bo"t-o"s?- 4face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5; 'to close'face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"pit- 2, 4, 5
face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, TMN 2, 267, EDT 298-9, 306, ÝÑÒß 2, 152-154, 302-303, Stachowski 68. Cf. also PT *bu"tu"n 'all, whole' - a derivative from *bu"t-. Turk. > Mong. *bu"te-, *bu"tu"- (KW 69-70, TMN 2, 268-269, Ùåðáàê 1997, 111).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu":riface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"head of an arrowface="Times New Roman Star"íàêîíå÷íèê ñòðåëû
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ri 'end of shaft inserted into arrow head' (MK)












face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-ges (dimin.) 'awl, arrow with awl-like head'face="Times New Roman Star"bu":rges 'ein Kampfpfeil mit pfriemfo"rmiger Spitze'











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 356, VEWT 71, Stachowski 69.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tegreface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"surroundingsface="Times New Roman Star"îêðóæåíèå, îêðóãàface="Times New Roman Star"tegre (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tegre (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"tegre 'side' (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"tegra







face="Times New Roman Star"tavraface="Times New Roman Star"dieri 'to, towards'face="Times New Roman Star"dieri 'to, towards'











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 485, VEWT 469, ÝÑÒß 2, 178-179, Stachowski 80.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sep-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to equip, fit out, add 2 addition; dowryface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðèáàâëÿòü, ñíàðÿæàòü 2 äîáàâêà, ïðèäàíîåface="Times New Roman Star"sep- 1(OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sip 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sa"p 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sep-li `with a dowry'

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sap-la- 'to compensate'face="Times New Roman Star"ep- 1, ebi: 'more, additionally'face="Times New Roman Star"ebi: 'more, additionally'

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2


face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2

face="Times New Roman Star"sep 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 783, 784, VEWT 410, Stachowski 43. Turk. > WMong. seb, see KW 320.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 unrelated; step-relative 2 other, differentface="Times New Roman Star"1 íåðîäíîé; ïðèåìíûé ðîäñòâåííèê (ïàñûíîê, ìà÷åõà) 2 äðóãîé, îòëè÷íûéface="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1 (MK), o"gu"n 2 (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"u"vej 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"gi 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1 (Pav. C.), o"gu"n 2 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.gej 1

face="Times New Roman Star"o"ga"j 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej, o"vej 1face="Times New Roman Star"o":j 1face="Times New Roman Star"o":j 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"j 1

face="Times New Roman Star"egian 2face="Times New Roman Star"egin-egin 2

face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"ga"j 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"va" 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gej 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 109, 119, VEWT 369, 306, ÝÑÒß 1, 495-496, TMN 2, 159, Stachowski 43 (with some confusion of the Yakut variants egin, egian and en|in; on the latter see *en|). In Az. one would rather expect *o"ja"j; -g- is probably preserved due to dissimilation.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a>c?aj / *e>c?ejface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 old man or woman 2 mother 3 grandmother 4 sister (of woman) 5 mother (if the grandmother is still alive) 5 mother (addr. to an elder woman) 6 aunt, sister of father 7 elder brother 8 uncle 9 ancestor 10 Father! (to the God) 11 old man, elder man 12 husband 13 younger brother of father's father 14 grandfather 15 fatherface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðûé ìóæ÷èíà èëè æåíùèíà 2 ìàòü 3 áàáóøêà 4 ñåñòðà (æåíùèíû) 5 ìàòü (ïðè æèâîé áàáóøêå) 5 ìàòü (îáð. ê ïîæèëîé æåíùèíå) 6 òåòÿ, ñåñòðà îòöà 7 ñòàðøèé áðàò 8 äÿäÿ 9 ïðåäîê 10 Îò÷å! (îáð. ê Áîãó) 11 ñòàðèê, ïîæèëîé ÷åëîâåê 12 ìóæ 13 ìëàäøèé áðàò äåäà 14 äåä 15 îòåöface="Times New Roman Star"ec?i 7, 8 (Orkh.), ec?u" 9 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ec?i 1 (MK), ec?u" 10 (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"az?|u (dial.), ez?|e 11face="Times New Roman Star"az?|a, az?|i, e|z?|i 5 (dial., ÒÒÄÑ 22, 551), azyj, e|zi 11, 15 (dial., ÒÒÄÑ 23, 540)
face="Times New Roman Star"o|c?a, ac?a 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 6face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y 4, ac?a 12, 15

face="Times New Roman Star"az?|a 7, 8face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 7, 8face="Times New Roman Star"Leb. az?|y, az?|a 7, ac?a 13
face="Times New Roman Star"az/a 15face="Times New Roman Star"ehe 14face="Times New Roman Star"ehe 14face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 15face="Times New Roman Star"as?'a, az?|a 7, 15face="Times New Roman Star"ac?aj 5, az?|a 11

face="Times New Roman Star"a"sa" 2




face="Times New Roman Star"az?|aj 5, ec?iw 6face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 35, ÝÑÒß 1, 231-235, TMN 2, 15, Åãîðîâ 35, Ëåêñèêà 299, Clark 1977, 128, Stachowski 43. Shortness is suggested by pharyngealization in Tofalar, so the variants with -z?|- are probably due to expressive gemination (*ac?c?V / *ec?c?V).
face="Times New Roman Star"*se:k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to jumpface="Times New Roman Star"ïðûãàòü, ñêàêàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"sekri- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sek-, sejir-face="Times New Roman Star"siker-face="Times New Roman Star"sek-, segri- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"sa"kra"-face="Times New Roman Star"sa"kra"-
face="Times New Roman Star"sa"k-, sa"jri-face="Times New Roman Star"segre- (arch.), sa":kdir- 'to gallop'face="Times New Roman Star"segir-face="Times New Roman Star"segri-face="Times New Roman Star"sekir-, segir-
face="Times New Roman Star"sik-face="Times New Roman Star"ekkirie-face="Times New Roman Star"ekkire:-

face="Times New Roman Star"sekir-face="Times New Roman Star"sekir-
face="Times New Roman Star"hiker-face="Times New Roman Star"sekir-
face="Times New Roman Star"sa"kir-face="Times New Roman Star"sekir-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 408, EDT 822, ÝÑÒß 7, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 48-49, Stachowski 44. Closed reflex in Chuv. is unclear.
face="Times New Roman Star"*er-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be (aux.)face="Times New Roman Star"áûòü (âñïîì.)face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"er- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"i-face="Times New Roman Star"i- (i-ken (perf.) 'it appears', i-mes? (evident.) '...says that it is')face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"e-, er-u"r (fut.)face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"er-face="Times New Roman Star"i-face="Times New Roman Star"er-face="Times New Roman Star"i-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"a"r- (D. GCh 182)
face="Times New Roman Star"e-/er-face="Times New Roman Star"e-/er-face="Times New Roman Star"e-/ir-
face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"i-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"i-/ir-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"ir- (Kakuk 182)face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 193-194, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 218-220, Stachowski 42, 46. The verb frequently occurs as e-, without the final -r- (see ibid.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*em-ig, *em-c?ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 breast (fem.) 2 to suck 3 nippleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðóäü (æåí.) 2 ñîñàòü 3 ñîñîêface="Times New Roman Star"emig 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"e.m- 2 (MK), e.mig 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emz?|ik 1face="Times New Roman Star"im- 2, imc?e|k 1face="Times New Roman Star"e.m- 2 (Pav. C.), emc?ek 1 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"emc?ak 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"m- 2, a"mc?a"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"emyg| 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"mz?|a"k 3face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emz?|ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, imz?|ek 1

face="Times New Roman Star"a"m- 2face="Times New Roman Star"@w|m- 2face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emi:j 1face="Times New Roman Star"emij 1face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emig 1face="Times New Roman Star"em- 2, emij 'udder'face="Times New Roman Star"emc?ek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ems?ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"imsa"k 1


face="Times New Roman Star"ems?ek 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 41-2, EDT 158-9, ÝÑÒß 1, 271-272, Åãîðîâ 63, Ëåêñèêà 273-274, Stachowski 45. PT *em-ig and *em-c?ek (the latter form is first attested in the 13th c.) are derived from *em- 'to suck'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*semir/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 fat (adj.) 2 fat (n.) 3 fattenface="Times New Roman Star"1 æèðíûé 2 æèð 3 æèðíåòü, òó÷íåòüface="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"semiz (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"simyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"sa"miz- 3face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"simis 1
face="Times New Roman Star"semis 1
face="Times New Roman Star"samúr 1face="Times New Roman Star"emis 1face="Times New Roman Star"emis 1face="Times New Roman Star"semis 1face="Times New Roman Star"semis 1face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"semizface="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"himiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"semu"s 2face="Times New Roman Star"semiz 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 830, VEWT 409, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 45. A common Turkic derivative is *semri- / *semir- 'to become fat', see EDT ibid., ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"veryface="Times New Roman Star"î÷åíüface="Times New Roman Star"en| (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"en| (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"enface="Times New Roman Star"in|
face="Times New Roman Star"en|face="Times New Roman Star"a"n|face="Times New Roman Star"jen|face="Times New Roman Star"a"nface="Times New Roman Star"in|face="Times New Roman Star"in|, dial. nin|face="Times New Roman Star"en|face="Times New Roman Star"en|

face="Times New Roman Star"en|in 'diverse, various'face="Times New Roman Star"en|in-en|in 'diverse'face="Times New Roman Star"en|
face="Times New Roman Star"en|face="Times New Roman Star"en|face="Times New Roman Star"en|face="Times New Roman Star"in|face="Times New Roman Star"en|face="Times New Roman Star"hen|face="Times New Roman Star"en|kface="Times New Roman Star"en|

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 45, EDT 166, ÝÑÒß 1, 365-366, Stachowski 43. Turk. > Mong. en|, see TMN 2, 130.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ern|ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"finger, thumbface="Times New Roman Star"ïàëåö, áîëüøîé ïàëåöface="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek, dial. ernek (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"irgek
face="Times New Roman Star"ergek

face="Times New Roman Star"erbexface="Times New Roman Star"erbek 'peg'face="Times New Roman Star"ergek










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 234, ÝÑÒß 1, 299, Ëåêñèêà 253-255, Stachowski 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 early 2 early in the morning 3 tomorrow 4 (morning sun) > sunny mountain slopeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàíî 2 ðàíî óòðîì 3 çàâòðà 4 (óòðåííåå ñîëíöå) > ñîëíå÷íûé ñêëîí ãîðûface="Times New Roman Star"[ir ? er 4, er-kenin,] erte 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"er, erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"er 1 (Áóä.), erte 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"erta 2face="Times New Roman Star"a"(r)ta" 'morning'face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"i:r 1, erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irte 'morning'
face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ir 3face="Times New Roman Star"erde 1face="Times New Roman Star"erc?in 1face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"ertte 2face="Times New Roman Star"ierte 'next day'face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 202-203, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 302-306, 369-370, Åãîðîâ 70, Ëåêñèêà 79, Stachowski 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sing (of birds) 2 to say 3 to ask, requestface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåòü (î ïòèöàõ) 2 ñêàçàòü, ãîâîðèòü 3 ïðîñèòüface="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1 (OUygh.), o"tu"n- 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1, o"tu"n- 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"ten- 3face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 2 (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- 3



face="Times New Roman Star"avút- 1face="Times New Roman Star"et- 2face="Times New Roman Star"et- 2face="Times New Roman Star"e't- 1face="Times New Roman Star"e't- 1







face="Times New Roman Star"edi- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 52, ÝÑÒß 1, 556, 557-558, EDT 39, 62, Åãîðîâ 21, Stachowski 48. The Chuv. form is somewhat aberrant phonetically: it is possible that the actual Chuv. reflex of this root is vit@n- `to ask' - while Chuv. avút- (together with avtan, atan `cock', Tat. a"ta"c? `cock') goes back to a separate PT root *ebt-, possibly going back to PA *ip`i (?-p-,-e) `to say, speak' q. v.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:tu"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bootface="Times New Roman Star"áîòèíîê, ñàïîãface="Times New Roman Star"etu"k (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"etu"k (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"edikface="Times New Roman Star"iti>kface="Times New Roman Star"etu"k (Pav. C.), o"tu"k (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) a"dik, o"tik, o"tu"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"k

face="Times New Roman Star"a":dikface="Times New Roman Star"o"d@k
face="Times New Roman Star"o"du"k
face="Times New Roman Star"adúface="Times New Roman Star"eterbesface="Times New Roman Star"eterbesface="Times New Roman Star"idikface="Times New Roman Star"idikface="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"kface="Times New Roman Star"etikface="Times New Roman Star"etik



face="Times New Roman Star"etikface="Times New Roman Star"i:tix, itixface="Times New Roman Star"etikface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 50, VEWT 52, ÝÑÒß 1, 319-321, Åãîðîâ 36, Ëåêñèêà 479, Stachowski 48.
face="Times New Roman Star"*[g]e.ntu" (-nd-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"self, himselfface="Times New Roman Star"ñàìface="Times New Roman Star"kentu" (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kendu" (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kendi, dial. gendu"




face="Times New Roman Star"gendi





face="Times New Roman Star"kini 'he'face="Times New Roman Star"gini 'he', gien 'own'











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 728-729, ÝÑÒß 5, 38-39, Óáðÿòîâà 1953, Ra"sa"nen 1957, 18, Stachowski 86.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to do, to makeface="Times New Roman Star"äåëàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qil-face="Times New Roman Star"qil-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"xyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"@s/-x@l 'äåëà/'face="Times New Roman Star"kyn-face="Times New Roman Star"gyn-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 616, VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 205-206, Stachowski 88. Turk. *kyl-ync? 'deed' > Mong. kilinc?e 'sin' (see Clark 1980, 43).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ia:kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 time, measure 2 precisely, exactlyface="Times New Roman Star"1 âðåìÿ, ïîðà 2 òî÷íî, âïîðóface="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 (late OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) c?aq 'when (conj.)'face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|q 1, c?o|qum 'certainly'face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:G 1face="Times New Roman Star"sax 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1face="Times New Roman Star"sax 1, sag|a 'about (the time when, the size of)'face="Times New Roman Star"haga 'about (the time when, the size of)'; sagyna 'while'face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, s?aq-ly 'this much'face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, c?aq-ly 'this much'face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:q, c?aq 'up to'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| (K), caq (H) 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Åãîðîâ 327, Ëåêñèêà 67, EDT 404, ÄÒÑ 139, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 425, Stachowski 92-93, 208. Forms like Chag. c?ag|, Uygh. c?ag| or Tof. s?ag| 'time' are borrowed < Mong., but this cannot be assumed for most other forms quoted above.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/-ylface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 green 2 yellowface="Times New Roman Star"1 çåëåíûé 2 æåëòûéface="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (Orkh., OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"je|s?el 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (MA) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jahsyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?azyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?az?yl (R.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"d/az?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"s/ulz/a, s/ulz?|a, s/úvúls/ 'leaf' ( = Bashk. ja"s?elsa" 'greens, vegetables')face="Times New Roman Star"saha-r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"haha-r- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?asyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"jasyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?el 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?as?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?li 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?asyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *ja:l/ 'young, green vegetables' (OUygh. jas?, MK jas?, Turkm. ja:s?, see ÝÑÒß 4, 162, EDT 975, 976, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 134, Stachowski 93). This root is often mixed with homophonous *ja:l/ 'tear' and *ja:l/ 'age, year', see ÝÑÒß 4, 161-164 (all three roots have different Altaic etymologies). Turk. > Mong. jasil 'buckthorn' (Clark 1980, 41).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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