| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)agyl | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"rod | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðóò | face="Times New Roman Star"qag|yl (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qag|yl (MK, KB) 'fresh willow shoots' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko:la- 'áóéíî ðàñòè (î ðàñò.) â óùåðá ïëîäó, ñåìåíè' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 220, EDT 610. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gEmu"rgen | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"wild onion or garlic | face="Times New Roman Star"äèêèé ëóê èëè ÷åñíîê |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vu"rgen (MK), ko"mu"rgen (MK - Oghuz) | face="Times New Roman Star"gu"mu"ren |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"b@rgen |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"rgen |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"ro"n (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"girhen | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"rgo"n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ren |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 691, ÝÑÒß 3, 100; VEWT 285; Ëåêñèêà 124. Sometimes explained as derived from ko"bu"r- 'to foam' (see VEWT ibid.); this seems a folk etymology, but may explain the irregular -b- in some of the forms. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to migrate, nomadize 2 nomadizing | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìèãðèðîâàòü, êî÷åâàòü 2 êî÷åâêà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 (MK, KB), ko"c? 2 (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"c?- 1, ku"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z?|- 1, ko"c? 2 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.c?- 1, ko.c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kos/- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1, ko"s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1, ko"s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'s?- 1, ko"'s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'s?- 1, ko"'s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s 'ðîé', ku"s- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 'luggage' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 693, 694, Ëåêñèêà 489, ÝÑÒß 3, 88-90, TMN 3, 622, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 315, Stachowski 158. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"k, *ko"ken | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hinge, nail, peg, clasp 2 tether | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çàñòåæêà, ïåòëÿ, çàïîð 2 ïðèâÿçü äëÿ æèâîòíûõ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 'belt for fixing the saddle', ko"gen 'rope for tethering calves, foals during milking' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 'peg of a musical instrument', (dial.) ko"ken 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ge|n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 'nail' (R, Áóä. - Babur.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kukan 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ken 2 (ßÆÓ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ken 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|gan 'loop', (alúk) kúk@ 'prop of the door hinge' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"go"n 2 (Ïåê.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"go"n 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gen 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ge|n 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"gu"wen 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 287, EDT 712, ÝÑÒß 5, 91, 93-94. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"jn|e-lek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"shirt | face="Times New Roman Star"ðóáàøêà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|lek (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jna"k, dial. go"n|lek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|lek (Sangl., MA, Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä.), ko"jnek (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.jnak, ko.jlak | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|la"k, ko"n|nek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jnek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jnek, dial. go"mlek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"genek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"nek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"nek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nju"ga"s 'ñòàðèííîå íàçâàíèå äîõè' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xo"jlen| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jnek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jlek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lda"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lek | face="Times New Roman Star"go"lma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lmek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jlek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"lek | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 290-291, EDT 732, ÝÑÒß 5, 89-90, Ëåêñèêà 384, 476-477. Turk. > WMong. ku"jileg, Kalm. ki:l@g (KW 234), MMong. ko"n|lek (TMN 3, 615, Ùåðáàê 1997, 128). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go":k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 blue 2 green ("macro-blue" according to Wierzbicka) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñèíèé 2 çåëåíûé | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 (MK, KB), 2 (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"j 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go":k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|vak 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"o"x 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"o"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gux 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 287, TMN 3, 640-642, EDT 708-9, ÝÑÒß 3, 66-68, Ëåêñèêà 60, 604, Stachowski 165. In most languages the root also means 'sky'. Turk. > Hung. ke/k 'blue', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 seam 2 thin straps for sewing 3 to sew, lace 4 to tack 5 tack, basting 6 needlework 7 to fasten | face="Times New Roman Star"1 øîâ 2 òîíêèå ðåìåøêè äëÿ øèòüÿ 3 ïðîøèâàòü, ñòåãàòü, ïîäøèâàòü 4 îáìåòûâàòü, ïðèìåòàòü 5 íàìåòêà 6 øèòüå 7 ïðèñîåäèíÿòü, ïðèâÿçûâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (OUygh.) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kle- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"kle|- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (Sangl., Abush.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.k 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 5, ko"kle|- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 5, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kte- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 6, ko"kto"- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kúgúr- 7 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'k (Todzh.) 1, ko"kte- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 2, ko"kto"- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kle- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kle- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 2, ko"kle- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kle- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 287, EDT 708, ÝÑÒß 91. Following EDT (and despite VEWT and ÝÑÒß) we prefer to separate this root from *ko"k 'hinge, peg, tether' (v. sub *k`o:ki/). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"ku"r/ (/*go"gu"r/), *Ko"krek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 breast 2 middle of the back 3 reason, sense, emotion 4 female breast | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðóäü 2 ïîÿñíèöà, ñåðåäèíà ñïèíû 3 æåíñêàÿ ãðóäü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"z 1, 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"z 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"g|u"s 1, ko"krek 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1 (dial., ÊÑÒÒ), ku"kre|k 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gs, ko"gu"s (Sangl.), ko"ku"s (MA) 1, ko"krek (Abush., Áîð. Áàä.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.ks 1, 3, ko|kra"k 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"s 1, ko"kra"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"s, go":s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ks, ko"ku"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"vu"s 1, ku"krek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gis 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|gúw|r 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"g|u"s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ksu" 'back' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"ro"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"kra"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"rek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"gu":s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kis 1, ko"kra"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"frix 4? | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"rek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 714, VEWT 288, ÝÑÒß 3, 54-55, 5, 136-137, Ëåêñèêà 272-274, Stachowski 155. The Oghuz forms with k- (Turkm. ku"krek, Tur. dial. ko"krek) may be < Kypchak, cf. -u"- instead of -o"- in Turkm. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*[k]o":l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"lake | face="Times New Roman Star"îçåðî | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l (IM, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko":l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l@ (NW), ku"l@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"go"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"See VEWT 288, ÝÑÒß 3, 69, 5, 95-96, Ëåêñèêà 91, Stachowski 165. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 shadow 2 to shadow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òåíü 2 äàâàòü òåíü, çàòåíÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lu"- (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lik (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"lge, ko"lge (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"le|ge| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lege (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.lke|, ku.le|ke| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le|n|ge|, ko"lige| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lga" 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lge 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le- 2, ko"lek 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo"- 2, ko"lo"n|o" 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"lege 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"lege 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo"ko" 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"letke 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"le|ge| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"lge 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"len|ke 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 288-289, 294, EDT 716-718, ÝÑÒß 5, 96-97, 128, Stachowski 164. Should be distinguished from *Ko"l/- 'to screen' (v. sub *ge:\l/a). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go":l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to harness 2 harnessed animal | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çàïðÿãàòü 2 óïðÿæíîå æèâîòíîå | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l- 1 (OUygh. - YB), ko"lu"k 2(Orkh., OUygh.), 'a vehicle' (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lu"k 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"lu"k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lu"k 2 (Sangl.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"go":lu"k (dial.) 'vehicle'; go"le 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l- 1, ko"l@g Nom. Act. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lko" 2 (possibly < Mong.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l-u"j- 1, ko"lo", ko"lgo" 2 (the latter may be < Mong.). | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lu"j- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"l, xo"lge 2 (the latter is rather < Mong.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ho"lle- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lu"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lik 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lik 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 288, EDT 715, 717, ÝÑÒß 3, 69-70, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 320-321, Stachowski 155 (following Kal/. MEJ 18 and deriving Yak., Dolg. < Mong.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to bury | face="Times New Roman Star"çàêàïûâàòü, õîðîíèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- (MA), go"m- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 289, EDT 721, ÝÑÒß 3, 70-71, Stachowski 155. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"mek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"help | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîìîùü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"me|k 'collective, many people' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.me|k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"me|k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"me|k, keme|k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo" | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"me|k 'collective, many people' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 98-99, Stachowski 156. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"mu"l-du"ru"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"breast strap | face="Times New Roman Star"ãðóäíîé ðåìåíü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ldu"ru"k (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"mu"ldu"ru"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"m@lt@k (ÊÑÒÒ) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ldu"ru"k (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"go"mu"ldu"ru"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ho"mu"ndu"ru"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"ldu"ru"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"m@ld@r@k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 289, EDT 723, ÝÑÒß 3, 71-72, Ëåêñèêà 552-553. Turk. > Mong. ko"mu"ldu"rge (Ùåðáàê 1977, 128). Forms like Uygh. o"mu"ldu"ru"k, Bashk. u"melderek (see ÝÑÒß 1, 530, Ëåêñèêà 553) may be derived from the same stem, under an influence of *o"mgen 'upper part of breast' q. v. sub *emo; a separate etymology see, however, under *p`o\me. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"coal | face="Times New Roman Star"óãîëü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"mer | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r (MA, IM, Pav. C., AH), kimu"r (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.mir | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"(r) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m@r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|mrúw|k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"r | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"mu"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m@r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m@r | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"mer | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m@r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 289 (relating the stem to ko"m- 'to bury, dig' seems rather dubious), ÝÑÒß 5, 102-103, Ëåêñèêà 365, Stachowski 156. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go":n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"tanned skin, leather | face="Times New Roman Star"äóáëåíàÿ øêóðà, êîæà | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n (Sangl.), ko"n (Nahc., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.n | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"n | face="Times New Roman Star"go":n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"n | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 290-291, EDT 724, ÝÑÒß 3, 72-73, Ëåêñèêà 384, 476-477. Cf. also *go":nc?u"k 'an ornament on shirt' (ÝÑÒß 5, 106). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko":jnek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bucket, vessel | face="Times New Roman Star"âåäðî, ñîñóä |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek, Osm. ko"jnu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ne|k (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku.ne|k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko":nek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"no"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xo"nek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"no"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ne|k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 104-105, VEWT 290 ( > Mong. ko"nu"g, further > TM: Sol. xong/e:, Evk. ko:n|i:, see ÒÌÑ 1, 412, 478). Turk. > Russ. Siber. kunu/k, see Àíèêèí 324 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 excrements, faeces 2 hard soil, swamp | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàâîç, ïîìåò 2 òâåðäàÿ ïî÷âà, áîëîòî |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"z (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n, ku"n (dial.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"gu.n| 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n| 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n| 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 735, ÝÑÒß 5, 103. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"jn|-il | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"heart, mood | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåðäöå, äóõ | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n-u"l; go"ju"n, go"jn (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|@l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (Sangl., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nu"l | face="Times New Roman Star"go"vu"n, ko"n|-u"l (arch. - borrowed from Tu"rki) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko":l, ko"n|n-@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|n-u" | face="Times New Roman Star"ku":n | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:il | face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|m@w|l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l 'will, freedom' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l 'permission' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xo":l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|@l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nu"l, ko"lu"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il, kewil | face="Times New Roman Star"go"jn|y | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 291, EDT 731, ÝÑÒß 3, 75-77, Ëåêñèêà 274, Stachowski 156. Almost all languages reflect a suffixed form (a substantivized adjective in -il, see Gabain AG 75). Khak., Shor reflect a nominalized attributive form of ko"n|u"l. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"many | face="Times New Roman Star"ìíîãî | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p (Pav. C., MA, Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'p, xo"j ( < *ko"pej) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 291, EDT 686-687, ÝÑÒß 5, 107-108. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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