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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*jubkaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"thin, slender, unsubstantialface="Times New Roman Star"òîíêèéface="Times New Roman Star"juqa (OUygh.), jujqa (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jupqa, juvqa (MK), juvg|a (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"jufkaface="Times New Roman Star"juqaface="Times New Roman Star"jufqa (AH), juqa (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jupqaface="Times New Roman Star"jupqa, juqa, z?upqa, z?uquface="Times New Roman Star"juqaface="Times New Roman Star"juxaface="Times New Roman Star"ju:qaface="Times New Roman Star"c?ug|aface="Times New Roman Star"c?og|aface="Times New Roman Star"d/uqa
face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"g|e

face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug|aface="Times New Roman Star"c?ug|aface="Times New Roman Star"z?|upqa, z?|uqaface="Times New Roman Star"z?uqaface="Times New Roman Star"juqaface="Times New Roman Star"joqaface="Times New Roman Star"z?uqaface="Times New Roman Star"jufqa, jyfqaface="Times New Roman Star"juwg|a, jufqaface="Times New Roman Star"z?u>qaface="Times New Roman Star"jox|baface="Times New Roman Star"juqqaface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 209, TMN 4, 211-212, EDT 874, ÝÑÒß 4, 241-242.
face="Times New Roman Star"*juk / *jokface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 resin, gum 2 residues of food on dishes, sticky substance 3 to stick toface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñìîëà 2 îñòàòêè ïèùè íà ïîñóäå; òî, ÷òî ïðèëèïëî 3 ïðèëèïàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"juq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jok 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"joq- 3face="Times New Roman Star"juq- 3 (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"juq 2, juq- 3face="Times New Roman Star"juq- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"joq 2, joq- 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?ux 1, c?ux- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"juq-, d/uq- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|g|úw|r 'liquid mire, sludge' (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"c?uq 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?uq 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uq 2, z?|uq- 3face="Times New Roman Star"z?uq- 3face="Times New Roman Star"juq- 3face="Times New Roman Star"joq- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"juq-, jux- 3face="Times New Roman Star"z?uq 2, z?u>q- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"juq 2, juq- 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 895, VEWT 119, ÝÑÒß 4, 211, Ëåêñèêà 117, Àøì. XIII, 52.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jok-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 up, above 2 hill, elevationface="Times New Roman Star"1 ââåðõ, íàâåðõ 2 âîçâûøåííîñòü, ïîäúåìface="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1, joq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jukary 1, jokus? 2face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru (AH), juqar (Pav. C.) 1, joqus? (AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"juqo|ri 1face="Times New Roman Star"juqari 1
face="Times New Roman Star"juxary, dial. uxary 1, joxus? 2face="Times New Roman Star"joqary 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|ar 1

face="Times New Roman Star"juqqar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sog|oru, sog|uru: 'South; centre'face="Times New Roman Star"soguru: 'South'

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|og|or(u) 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?og|ary 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"og|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"juqar(y) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jog|ary 1, joqus?, joqys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?oqary 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 896, 906, ÝÑÒß 4, 213-214, 215, Stachowski 211.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju:rtface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dwelling place, camping-siteface="Times New Roman Star"æèëèùå, ñòîÿíêàface="Times New Roman Star"jurt (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jurt (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jurt (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jortface="Times New Roman Star"jurt (Pav. C., Houts., AH)face="Times New Roman Star"jurtface="Times New Roman Star"ju(r)tface="Times New Roman Star"jurtface="Times New Roman Star"jurtface="Times New Roman Star"ju:rtface="Times New Roman Star"c?urtface="Times New Roman Star"c?urtface="Times New Roman Star"jurt, d/urtface="Times New Roman Star"ju:rtface="Times New Roman Star"s/ortface="Times New Roman Star"surtface="Times New Roman Star"hurtface="Times New Roman Star"c?u`rt
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|urtface="Times New Roman Star"z?urtface="Times New Roman Star"jurtface="Times New Roman Star"jortface="Times New Roman Star"z?urt
face="Times New Roman Star"jurtface="Times New Roman Star"z?urt
face="Times New Roman Star"jurtface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 958, VEWT 211, TMN 4, 212-213, ÝÑÒß 4, 254-255, Ëåêñèêà 490-491, 494, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 144-145, Stachowski 113.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju(b)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to wash; to bathe, to swimface="Times New Roman Star"ìûòü; êóïàòüñÿ, ïëàâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"ju- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ju-face="Times New Roman Star"ju-face="Times New Roman Star"ju- (Pav. C., AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"juw-face="Times New Roman Star"juw-, juj-face="Times New Roman Star"juw-, ju-face="Times New Roman Star"ju(w)-face="Times New Roman Star"juw-face="Times New Roman Star"c?ug|-

face="Times New Roman Star"ju:-face="Times New Roman Star"s/u-face="Times New Roman Star"su:-j-face="Times New Roman Star"hu:-j-face="Times New Roman Star"c?u:-face="Times New Roman Star"c?u-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u:-face="Times New Roman Star"z?uw-face="Times New Roman Star"juw-face="Times New Roman Star"jyw-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uw-, z?uw-, zuw-; z?u:n-
face="Times New Roman Star"juw-face="Times New Roman Star"z?uw-face="Times New Roman Star"ju-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uw-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 870, VEWT 209, ÝÑÒß 4, 238, Stachowski 114.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju":r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hundredface="Times New Roman Star"ñòîface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"jo"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (MA, AH)face="Times New Roman Star"juzface="Times New Roman Star"juzface="Times New Roman Star"juz, jo"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju":zface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"sface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"sface="Times New Roman Star"ju"s, d/u"sface="Times New Roman Star"ju":zface="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|rface="Times New Roman Star"su":sface="Times New Roman Star"hu":sface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"sface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"sface="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"zface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"jo"d|face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"z, zu"zface="Times New Roman Star"u"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, juz/, jiz, izface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, juzface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 983, VEWT 213, ÝÑÒß 4, 260 (Turkm. ju"z), Ëåêñèêà 574, Stachowski 117.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"genface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bridleface="Times New Roman Star"óçäå÷êà
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"go"n (MK, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"ojanface="Times New Roman Star"jo"ga"nface="Times New Roman Star"ujan (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"juganface="Times New Roman Star"ju"ga"nface="Times New Roman Star"jug|yn (ßÆÓ)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ja"nface="Times New Roman Star"u"jen, ujanface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"genface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"genface="Times New Roman Star"u"jgen
face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|venface="Times New Roman Star"u":n
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"g|en
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"go"nface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"genface="Times New Roman Star"ju"wenface="Times New Roman Star"ju"ga"nface="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"gen
face="Times New Roman Star"ijgen, ju"genface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"wen
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"genface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 212, EDT 913, ÝÑÒß 1, 577, Åãîðîâ 77, Ëåêñèêà 556.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 load 2 to load, carryface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðóç, òÿæåñòü 2 íàãðóæàòü, âåçòèface="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1, ju"-d- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1, ju"-d|- 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"jo"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1 (Houts., AH)face="Times New Roman Star"juk 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"j- 2, ju"k, d/u"k 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|k 1face="Times New Roman Star"su"k- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"`k 1, c?u"du"r- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"jo"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"k, z?u"k, zu"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k, juk, jik, ik 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"k, juk 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 885, 910, VEWT 212, ÝÑÒß 4, 262-263, Ëåêñèêà 520.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"ku"n-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to bowface="Times New Roman Star"êëàíÿòüñÿ, ñêëîíÿòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"ju"ku"n- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ku"n- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ken-, ju"gu"n- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo"gen-, jegen- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ku"n- (AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jukun-face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ku"n-







face="Times New Roman Star"su"gu"n- 'to go to the bridegroom's home'


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"gu"n-face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"gin-
face="Times New Roman Star"jo"go"n-

face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"n-, jugun-face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"gin-
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"gu"n-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 913, ÝÑÒß 4, 264.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"rekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"heart; courageface="Times New Roman Star"ñåðäöåface="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rekface="Times New Roman Star"jo"re|kface="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"jurakface="Times New Roman Star"ju"ra"kface="Times New Roman Star"jo"rekface="Times New Roman Star"u"rekface="Times New Roman Star"ju"rekface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"rekface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"rek (R., Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"d/u"rekface="Times New Roman Star"jirekface="Times New Roman Star"c?@reface="Times New Roman Star"su"rexface="Times New Roman Star"hu"rekface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"rekface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"rekface="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"ro"kface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"rekface="Times New Roman Star"ju"rekface="Times New Roman Star"jo"rekface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"rekface="Times New Roman Star"ju"rek/face="Times New Roman Star"ju"rekface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"rekface="Times New Roman Star"jyru"xface="Times New Roman Star"ju"rekface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 213, EDT 965, ÝÑÒß 4, 270-271, Åãîðîâ 324, Ëåêñèêà 276, Stachowski 116. Chuv. c?- is irregular: a contamination with c?@r@ 'alive'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju":r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"faceface="Times New Roman Star"ëèöîface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"jo"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z (MA, AH, Ettuhf.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"u"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"c?u"s
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"s, d/u"sface="Times New Roman Star"ji:zface="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|var 'mouth'face="Times New Roman Star"su":s 'forehead'face="Times New Roman Star"hu":s 'forehead'

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"zface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"jo"d|
face="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, u"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, juz/, jiz, izface="Times New Roman Star"z?u"zface="Times New Roman Star"ju"z, jizface="Times New Roman Star"ju"zface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 213-4, ÝÑÒß 4, 259-260, Ëåêñèêà 206, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 154, Stachowski 117. Khalaj ji:z = Yak. su":s prove that Turkm. ju"z is secondary. Turk. > MMong. (MA) ju"z 'surface' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 196).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:c? (-e)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 long time 2 late 3 be late 4 night 5 evening 6 yesterdayface="Times New Roman Star"1 äîëãî 2 ïîçäíèé 3 îïàçäûâàòü 4 íî÷ü 5 âå÷åð 6 â÷åðàface="Times New Roman Star"kec? 1, 2, kec?- 3, kec?e 4, 5 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 1, 2 (KB, MK), kec?- 3 (MK), kec?a" 4, 5 (KB, MK)face="Times New Roman Star"gec? 2, gez?|e 4face="Times New Roman Star"kic? 5, kic?e| 5, 6face="Times New Roman Star"gec?e 4 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"kec?a 4, 6face="Times New Roman Star"ka"c?a" 5face="Times New Roman Star"kic?e 4 (Mal.)face="Times New Roman Star"gez?|a" 4face="Times New Roman Star"gi:c? 2, gi:z?|e 4face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|e: 6face="Times New Roman Star"kec?ik 5 (Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 2, 5, kec?e 6face="Times New Roman Star"ki:ec?a" 4face="Times New Roman Star"kas/ 5face="Times New Roman Star"kiehe 5face="Times New Roman Star"kiehe 5face="Times New Roman Star"kez?e: 5face="Times New Roman Star"kez?|e 5face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 2, kec?e: 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"kes? 2, 5, kes?a" 5, 6face="Times New Roman Star"kes? 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"kis 5, kisa" 5, 6face="Times New Roman Star"kec? 5, kec?eface="Times New Roman Star"gez?|a" 4face="Times New Roman Star"gez?|e 4face="Times New Roman Star"kes? 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"ga"z?|i 4face="Times New Roman Star"gec?e 4face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 245, EDT 692-3, 694-5, ÝÑÒß 3, 40-41, 50-51, Ëåêñèêà 82, Stachowski 147.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gec?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to pass, wadeface="Times New Roman Star"ïðîõîäèòü, ïåðåõîäèòü âáðîäface="Times New Roman Star"kec?- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"gec?-face="Times New Roman Star"kic?-face="Times New Roman Star"ke/c?- (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"kec?-face="Times New Roman Star"ka"/ec?-face="Times New Roman Star"kes?-face="Times New Roman Star"kec?-face="Times New Roman Star"gec?-face="Times New Roman Star"kis-face="Times New Roman Star"kez?-ir- 'to ferry across the river'face="Times New Roman Star"kec?-face="Times New Roman Star"ka"c?-face="Times New Roman Star"kas/-face="Times New Roman Star"kes-
face="Times New Roman Star"ke's?-face="Times New Roman Star"ke's?-face="Times New Roman Star"kec?-
face="Times New Roman Star"kes?-face="Times New Roman Star"kic?-, kis-
face="Times New Roman Star"gec?-face="Times New Roman Star"kec?-face="Times New Roman Star"kes?-
face="Times New Roman Star"gec?-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 245, EDT 693-694, ÝÑÒß 3, 32-34, TMN 3, 584.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge.l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to comeface="Times New Roman Star"ïðèõîäèòüface="Times New Roman Star"kel- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"gel-face="Times New Roman Star"kil-face="Times New Roman Star"ke.l- (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l-/kil-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"ga"l-face="Times New Roman Star"gel-face="Times New Roman Star"kil-face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (R)face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l-face="Times New Roman Star"kil-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"kil-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"gel-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"kel-face="Times New Roman Star"gel-, gej-face="Times New Roman Star"gel-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248; EDT 715, ÝÑÒß 3, 14-16, 31-32, Stachowski 143. The Chuv. and Yak. vowels correspond irregularly.
face="Times New Roman Star"*kendir (*kentir)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hempface="Times New Roman Star"êîíîïëÿface="Times New Roman Star"kendir (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kendirface="Times New Roman Star"kinderface="Times New Roman Star"kendirface="Times New Roman Star"kendirface="Times New Roman Star"ka"ndi(r)face="Times New Roman Star"kenz?|ir, kemz?|erface="Times New Roman Star"ka"ndirface="Times New Roman Star"kendirface="Times New Roman Star"kind@rface="Times New Roman Star"ka"ndirface="Times New Roman Star"kendir
face="Times New Roman Star"kandúr

face="Times New Roman Star"xendir
face="Times New Roman Star"kendirface="Times New Roman Star"kendirface="Times New Roman Star"kendirface="Times New Roman Star"kinderface="Times New Roman Star"kendir

face="Times New Roman Star"kendir
face="Times New Roman Star"kendirface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 729, VEWT 252, ÝÑÒß 5, 39-40, Ëåêñèêà 127-128. Turk. > WMong. kendir (TMN 3, 608, Ùåðáàê 1997, 127), WMong. kenc?ir, Kalm. kenc?r (KW 226); > Hung. kender (Gombocz 1912); > Russ. kendy/r' (Àíèêèí 282).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:n|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wideface="Times New Roman Star"øèðîêèéface="Times New Roman Star"kin| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ken| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"genface="Times New Roman Star"kin|face="Times New Roman Star"ke.n| (Sangl., Abush., Áîð. Áàä.), ge.n| (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ken|face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n|face="Times New Roman Star"ken|face="Times New Roman Star"genface="Times New Roman Star"gi:n|
face="Times New Roman Star"ken|face="Times New Roman Star"ken|face="Times New Roman Star"ki:en|g
face="Times New Roman Star"kien|face="Times New Roman Star"kien|

face="Times New Roman Star"ken|face="Times New Roman Star"ken|face="Times New Roman Star"ken|face="Times New Roman Star"kin|face="Times New Roman Star"ken|
face="Times New Roman Star"ken|, kenface="Times New Roman Star"ken|
face="Times New Roman Star"gen|face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 724-725, VEWT 253, EDT 724-725, ÝÑÒß 3, 46-47, Stachowski 147.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gen|e-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to advise 2 adviceface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîâåòîâàòü(ñÿ) 2 ñîâåòface="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ken|e- 'to settle one's affairs with someone' (MK, KB), kenes? 2, ken|es?- 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"genges?- 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"kin|a"s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1 (Abush., Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n|a"s?- 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es- 1, ken|is 2face="Times New Roman Star"ga"na"s?- 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"gen|es?- 1, gen|es? 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es?- 1 (Âåðá.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kanas? 2, kanas?-la- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2, ken|es- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n|a"s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"kenges? 'counsel'
face="Times New Roman Star"kenes, kenes? 2, kenes?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2, ken|es- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"genges? 'counsel'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 253, EDT 727, 734, ÝÑÒß 3, 21-22, TMN 3, 613-614.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ke.bi-l/c?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 a gift of food to someone who comes to stack the crop after the fields are clear 2 harvest tax in favour of the poor or the clergy 3 debtface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïèùåâîé ïîäàðîê òîìó, êòî ïðèõîäèò ñêëàäûâàòü õëåá â ñêèðäû ïîñëå òîãî, êàê ïîëÿ óáðàíû 2 îò÷èñëåíèå ñ óðîæàÿ â ïîëüçó áåäíûõ èëè äóõîâåíñòâà 3 äîëã
face="Times New Roman Star"kevs?en| (MK; spelled kfsn|) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"kapsan 2face="Times New Roman Star"ka"psa"n 2






face="Times New Roman Star"kivz/en 3



face="Times New Roman Star"kepsen, kesmen 1face="Times New Roman Star"kewsen 1







face="Times New Roman Star"Ìóäðàê Äèññ.. 89, EDT 585, 691, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 290-291. Turk. > Pers. kafsan 'harvest tax for the clergy and administration'; most modern forms may in fact have been borrowed back < Pers., but the Chuv. form can hardly be separated from the one attested in MK. The theory of its being borrowed from Mong. ko"lu"su"n (see Ro/na-Tas 1988) can be hardly justified. However, Hung. ko"lczo"n, indeed, has most probably a Mong. source and is not related to the words above.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:(j)t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to go (away)face="Times New Roman Star"óõîäèòüface="Times New Roman Star"ket- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ket/d|- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"git-face="Times New Roman Star"kit-face="Times New Roman Star"ke.t- (Abush., Sangl., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"ket-face="Times New Roman Star"ka"t-
face="Times New Roman Star"get-face="Times New Roman Star"git-

face="Times New Roman Star"ket- (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kajt-



face="Times New Roman Star"ket-face="Times New Roman Star"ket-face="Times New Roman Star"ket-face="Times New Roman Star"kit-face="Times New Roman Star"ket-face="Times New Roman Star"get-face="Times New Roman Star"ket-face="Times New Roman Star"ket-face="Times New Roman Star"Gi:/i- (Kakuk)face="Times New Roman Star"get-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 701, ÝÑÒß 3, 39-40, 49-50. Vowel length can be reconstructed on indirect evidence (voicing -t- > -d- in forms like Az. gedis? 'going away' etc.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ke:t-menface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hoe, mattockface="Times New Roman Star"ìîòûãàface="Times New Roman Star"ketmen (OUigh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ketmen (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"gedmen
face="Times New Roman Star"ketmen (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ketmo|nface="Times New Roman Star"ka"tma"n
face="Times New Roman Star"ka"tma"nface="Times New Roman Star"ka":tmen



face="Times New Roman Star"katmak



face="Times New Roman Star"ketmen-

face="Times New Roman Star"ka"tma"n





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 259, ÝÑÒß 3, 30-31, 5, 65-66, EDT 704. Usually derived from *ge:t- 'to notch' - but the semantic shift is not quite satisfactory, and the Oghuz languages (except Turkish with a secondary analogy) systematically distinguish *g- in 'notch' and *k- in 'hoe'.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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