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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:ke- (? i:-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be insolent, quarrelface="Times New Roman Star"áûòü äåðçêèì, ññîðèòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"ike-, ikes?- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"iges?-face="Times New Roman Star"eges?-




face="Times New Roman Star"i:gen- 'to scold, growl at'




face="Times New Roman Star"eg|e 'faultfinding', eg|ele:- 'to find faults'
face="Times New Roman Star"egen- 'to feel uncomfortable'
face="Times New Roman Star"eges?-face="Times New Roman Star"eges-face="Times New Roman Star"eges-






face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 101, 118-119.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e>lge-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sift; 2 sieveface="Times New Roman Star"ñèòî, ïðîñåèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (MK), ele- 1 (IM), elek 2 (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ile|- 1, ile|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ela- 1, elak 2face="Times New Roman Star"a"gli- 1, a"lga"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"la"- 1, a"la"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilge- 1, ilgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ha"jla"- 1, ha"jla"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"alla- 1, alla 2

face="Times New Roman Star"egle- / elge- 1face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, elge- 1, elek, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ile- 1, ilek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"iele- 1, ielek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, o"le- 1, elek, o"lek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"elex 2 (ÑÑß 324)face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 143, VEWT 40, ÝÑÒß 1, 261-263, Åãîðîâ 24. The behaviour of the internal cluster is phonetically normal (not on a morphemic boundary). Turk. *elgek > WMong. elgeg, Kalm. elg@g (KW 119, TMN 2, 118, Ùåðáàê 1997, 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.ke-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to file 2 file (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïèëèòü, îáòà÷èâàòü 2 íàïèëüíèê
face="Times New Roman Star"ike- ( ? ege-) 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eje 2face="Times New Roman Star"iga"- 1, iga"w 2face="Times New Roman Star"eka"k 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ego|w 2face="Times New Roman Star"eka"k, iga"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ja" 2face="Times New Roman Star"i:ge 2face="Times New Roman Star"ige- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egu" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"j@gev 'whetstone'face="Times New Roman Star"igi: 2face="Times New Roman Star"igi: 2face="Times New Roman Star"eg|e-, o"g|e- 1, eg|e: 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ege-, o"go"- 1, ego":, o"go": 2face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"iga"- 1, iga"w 2face="Times New Roman Star"egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ija 2face="Times New Roman Star"ege, egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2
face="Times New Roman Star"egew 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 101, VEWT 38, ÝÑÒß 1, 326-328, TMN 2, 93, Åãîðîâ 77, Ëåêñèêà 399, Stachowski 123.
face="Times New Roman Star"*eginface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shoulderface="Times New Roman Star"ïëå÷îface="Times New Roman Star"egin (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"egin (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eg|in, ejin 'back'
face="Times New Roman Star"egin (Abush., Pav. C.), in (Pav. C.) 'back'face="Times New Roman Star"egin
face="Times New Roman Star"igenface="Times New Roman Star"a"jin 'body'face="Times New Roman Star"egin (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"in|ni>face="Times New Roman Star"a"n|in, eginiface="Times New Roman Star"ijin
face="Times New Roman Star"avún, anface="Times New Roman Star"ien
face="Times New Roman Star"eg|in
face="Times New Roman Star"ijinface="Times New Roman Star"i>ji>nface="Times New Roman Star"ijin


face="Times New Roman Star"i:n, inface="Times New Roman Star"ijin

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 109, VEWT 37, ÝÑÒß 1, 225-227, Åãîðîâ 26, Ëåêñèêà 239, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 42-43.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ed, *ed-gu"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 thing, goods 2 good, excellent 3 good action, benefitface="Times New Roman Star"1 âåùü, äîáðî, èìóùåñòâî 2 õîðîøèé, îòëè÷íûé 3 áëàãîäåÿíèåface="Times New Roman Star"ed 1 (OUygh.), edgu" 2face="Times New Roman Star"ed| 1, ed|gu" 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"iji 2face="Times New Roman Star"ige, ijge




face="Times New Roman Star"ejgi-lik 3




face="Times New Roman Star"u"tu"o" 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"o" 2face="Times New Roman Star"eki 2face="Times New Roman Star"e'kki 2face="Times New Roman Star"ijgi-lig 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ijgi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"igi,izgi 1


face="Times New Roman Star"i: 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 245-247, 248-249, 329-330, VEWT 35-36, EDT 33, 51, Stachowski 201. PT *ed-gu" is derived from PT *ed 'thing, goods' (Ëåêñèêà 326) ( > Mong. ed, MMong. (SH etc.) ed, see Ùåðáàê 1997, 113). Mong. edege- 'to feel better, recover' (Dag. edge-) is also possibly < Turkic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*er-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be (aux.)face="Times New Roman Star"áûòü (âñïîì.)face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"er- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"i-face="Times New Roman Star"i- (i-ken (perf.) 'it appears', i-mes? (evident.) '...says that it is')face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"e-, er-u"r (fut.)face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"er-face="Times New Roman Star"i-face="Times New Roman Star"er-face="Times New Roman Star"i-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"a"r- (D. GCh 182)
face="Times New Roman Star"e-/er-face="Times New Roman Star"e-/er-face="Times New Roman Star"e-/ir-
face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"i-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"i-/ir-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"ir- (Kakuk 182)face="Times New Roman Star"e-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 193-194, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 218-220, Stachowski 42, 46. The verb frequently occurs as e-, without the final -r- (see ibid.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*il(i)kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"front, before, Eastface="Times New Roman Star"ïåðåä, âïåðåäè, âîñòîêface="Times New Roman Star"ilki (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilk (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ilkface="Times New Roman Star"i>li>kface="Times New Roman Star"ilk (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilk

face="Times New Roman Star"ilk, ilkiface="Times New Roman Star"ilki


face="Times New Roman Star"ilga"rface="Times New Roman Star"@l@kface="Times New Roman Star"il-in, il-in| (ilik 'one who is not yet...')face="Times New Roman Star"ilin; ilik 'not yet', iligine 'before'face="Times New Roman Star"elek



face="Times New Roman Star"i>li>k
face="Times New Roman Star"jilkface="Times New Roman Star"ilk


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 140, VEWT 170, ÝÑÒß 1, 347-350, Åãîðîâ 62-63, Stachowski 125.
face="Times New Roman Star"*elikface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"roebuck, wild goatface="Times New Roman Star"êîñóëÿ (îáùåå íàçâ. è ñàìêà)face="Times New Roman Star"elik (OUygh. - YB)face="Times New Roman Star"elik (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"elik (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) elik (Houts., AH)




face="Times New Roman Star"il@kface="Times New Roman Star"elikface="Times New Roman Star"elik

face="Times New Roman Star"elik '÷óáàðûé îëåíü'
face="Times New Roman Star"elikface="Times New Roman Star"elikface="Times New Roman Star"elikface="Times New Roman Star"elik
face="Times New Roman Star"ilek


face="Times New Roman Star"elik

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 142, VEWT 40, ÝÑÒß 1, 265-266, Ëåêñèêà 153.
face="Times New Roman Star"*enu"k ( ? *u"nek)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"young of a wild animal, puppyface="Times New Roman Star"äåòåíûø äèêîãî æèâîòíîãî, ùåíîêface="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"enik, enz?|ek
face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"enu"k (Chag.)

face="Times New Roman Star"a"nix (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges?face="Times New Roman Star"u"neges?
face="Times New Roman Star"anz?|úkface="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"gesface="Times New Roman Star"u"nu"gesface="Times New Roman Star"enik





face="Times New Roman Star"jenik



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 183, VEWT 44, ÝÑÒß 1, 281-283, Åãîðîâ 29, Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*emge-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to suffer, be tortured 2 bother, worry, painsface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàäàòü, ïîäâåðãàòüñÿ ïûòêàì 2 õëîïîòû, ìó÷åíèå, òðóäface="Times New Roman Star"emge- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"emge- 1, emgek 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"emen- 1, emek 2face="Times New Roman Star"imge|n- 1, imge|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- (AH, Pav. C.) 1, emgek (AH, Abush.), emek (Pav. C.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. emge|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. e|mge|n- 1, e|mge|k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ma"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- 1, emgek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"aman- 1, amak 'illness'face="Times New Roman Star"emek 'decrepit'
face="Times New Roman Star"en|bek 'chronic illness'
face="Times New Roman Star"emgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"en|bek 2face="Times New Roman Star"embek 2face="Times New Roman Star"imge|n- 1, imge|k 2

face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- 1, emgek 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 159, VEWT 42, ÝÑÒß 1, 272-275, 25-26. Turk. > Mong. emge- (Ùåðáàê 1997, 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ern|ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"finger, thumbface="Times New Roman Star"ïàëåö, áîëüøîé ïàëåöface="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek, dial. ernek (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"irgek
face="Times New Roman Star"ergek

face="Times New Roman Star"erbexface="Times New Roman Star"erbek 'peg'face="Times New Roman Star"ergek










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 234, ÝÑÒß 1, 299, Ëåêñèêà 253-255, Stachowski 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*er-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 coquetry 2 cockering, endearment 3 cockered, beloved 4 entertainment , jokeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîêåòñòâî 2 áàëîâñòâî, ëàñêà 3 èçáàëîâàííûé, ëþáèìûé 4 çàáàâà, øóòêà

face="Times New Roman Star"erke (dial.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, (dial.) irma"k 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 1, 2, 3 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"erka" 1, 3, ermak 4face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" 3, erma"k 4
face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" (dial.) 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ermek 4 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, erbek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek, erbek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"j@rg@n `wriggler, trickster' (Ashm.)face="Times New Roman Star"erke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erg|e 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, irma"k 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3

face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 296-297, 300-301, TMN 2, 181-182. The root is widely spread, although unattested in older sources; its relationship to *eril/- 'contest' (suggested in ÝÑÒß 297) is dubious.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.ri-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to meltface="Times New Roman Star"òàÿòü
face="Times New Roman Star"eru"- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eri-
face="Times New Roman Star"eri- (Abushk.)face="Times New Roman Star"eri-face="Times New Roman Star"iri-
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ri-face="Times New Roman Star"ere-face="Times New Roman Star"ir@-
face="Times New Roman Star"eri-
face="Times New Roman Star"ir@l-face="Times New Roman Star"ir-face="Times New Roman Star"ir-face="Times New Roman Star"eri-
face="Times New Roman Star"eri-face="Times New Roman Star"eri-
face="Times New Roman Star"ire-face="Times New Roman Star"eri-face="Times New Roman Star"jeri-face="Times New Roman Star"iri-face="Times New Roman Star"eri-face="Times New Roman Star"iri-face="Times New Roman Star"iri-face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 289-290, Stachowski 128, EDT 198.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 weft, woof 2 warpface="Times New Roman Star"1 óòî/ê 2 îñíîâà òêàíèface="Times New Roman Star"arus?y arqag|y (Ough.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"arqag| (MK, IM) 1, arys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"arg|ac? (-z?|y) 1, eris?, Osm. arys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"arg|ac? (Sangl.) 1, arys? (Sangl.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. arg|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"arqaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"arg|az?| 1, a"ris? 2face="Times New Roman Star"arGac? 1, arGa- 'øèòü êîå-êàê', eris? 2face="Times New Roman Star"arg|a- 'âûøèâàòü ãëàäüþ'
face="Times New Roman Star"arku: 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ura 1

face="Times New Roman Star"eris? 2










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 25, 26 (confused with *arka-), EDT 216, 239, ÝÑÒß 1, 170, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 284, Ëåêñèêà 396. Turk. > WMong. arqag|, Kalm. arx@g| (KW 14, Ùåðáàê 1997, 101). The front row variant *eril/ is peculiar: it may reflect a merger with a different root, reflected in Chuv. arla- `to spin', with possible parallels in Mong. ere- `to wind, tie round', Nan. (Kur-Urm.) erin `band, necking' (ÒÌÑ 2, 463).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 early 2 early in the morning 3 tomorrow 4 (morning sun) > sunny mountain slopeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàíî 2 ðàíî óòðîì 3 çàâòðà 4 (óòðåííåå ñîëíöå) > ñîëíå÷íûé ñêëîí ãîðûface="Times New Roman Star"[ir ? er 4, er-kenin,] erte 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"er, erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"er 1 (Áóä.), erte 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"erta 2face="Times New Roman Star"a"(r)ta" 'morning'face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"i:r 1, erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irte 'morning'
face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ir 3face="Times New Roman Star"erde 1face="Times New Roman Star"erc?in 1face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"ertte 2face="Times New Roman Star"ierte 'next day'face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 202-203, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 302-306, 369-370, Åãîðîâ 70, Ëåêñèêà 79, Stachowski 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to spin, twistface="Times New Roman Star"âèòü, ñó÷èòü, ïëåñòè


face="Times New Roman Star"is?-face="Times New Roman Star"es?- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"es?-face="Times New Roman Star"a"s?-
face="Times New Roman Star"es?-face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?-






face="Times New Roman Star"es?-
face="Times New Roman Star"es?-face="Times New Roman Star"es-
face="Times New Roman Star"is?-face="Times New Roman Star"es?-
face="Times New Roman Star"es?-face="Times New Roman Star"es-
face="Times New Roman Star"es?-face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 396.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to tear, rip open 3 to row 4 to swim 5 to throw awayface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ðâàòü 3 ãðåñòè 4 ïëàâàòü 5 âûêèäûâàòü

face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"is?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1 (Abush.)


face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ijs?-gek `oar'face="Times New Roman Star"is- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"ha"s?u"-face="Times New Roman Star"alt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"es-, is- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"es?ti- 4, es?- 3face="Times New Roman Star"es?-, e'hit- 3face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 51, EDT 255-6, ÝÑÒß 1, 315-316, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 95. Chuv. is?- 'to row; to swim; to demolish, tear' is evidently borrowed from Tat. (as opposed to the genuine al-t- ). Khal. h- is unclear here (external evidence clearly points to *0-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*etface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"meatface="Times New Roman Star"ìÿñîface="Times New Roman Star"et (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"et (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"itface="Times New Roman Star"et (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"a"tface="Times New Roman Star"jehtface="Times New Roman Star"a"tface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"itface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"a"t ( < Az.?)face="Times New Roman Star"u"tface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"e'tface="Times New Roman Star"e'tface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"itface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"jet'face="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"a"htface="Times New Roman Star"etface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 52, EDT 33, ÝÑÒß 1, 311-312, Ëåêñèêà 455, Stachowski 48.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to organize, to makeface="Times New Roman Star"óñòðàèâàòü, äåëàòüface="Times New Roman Star"et- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"et- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"it-face="Times New Roman Star"et- (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"et-, a"t-face="Times New Roman Star"et-, jet-, it-face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"i:deg 'keeping' ('ïðèñìîòð'), et-face="Times New Roman Star"it-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"at-

face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"it-face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"et-
face="Times New Roman Star"et-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 36-37, ÝÑÒß 1, 312-313, Äûáî Äèññ. 56, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 67. Shortness in Turkm. et- is no doubt secondary: cf. the derivative i:deg, and also regular intervocalic voicing -t- > -d- in all Oghuz languages (pointing to original length), see EDT ibid.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sing (of birds) 2 to say 3 to ask, requestface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåòü (î ïòèöàõ) 2 ñêàçàòü, ãîâîðèòü 3 ïðîñèòüface="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1 (OUygh.), o"tu"n- 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1, o"tu"n- 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"ten- 3face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 2 (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- 3



face="Times New Roman Star"avút- 1face="Times New Roman Star"et- 2face="Times New Roman Star"et- 2face="Times New Roman Star"e't- 1face="Times New Roman Star"e't- 1







face="Times New Roman Star"edi- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 52, ÝÑÒß 1, 556, 557-558, EDT 39, 62, Åãîðîâ 21, Stachowski 48. The Chuv. form is somewhat aberrant phonetically: it is possible that the actual Chuv. reflex of this root is vit@n- `to ask' - while Chuv. avút- (together with avtan, atan `cock', Tat. a"ta"c? `cock') goes back to a separate PT root *ebt-, possibly going back to PA *ip`i (?-p-,-e) `to say, speak' q. v.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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