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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kypy- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 sense, invention, cleverness 2 to invent, think of face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñìûñë, èçîáðåòàòåëüíîñòü, óì 2 âûäóìûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"xyby- face="Times New Roman Star"qyby- face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|búw|l 'dexterous' face="Times New Roman Star"kyp 'dexterously' face="Times New Roman Star"qybac?y 'experienced person' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyp- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to press together 2 scissors 3 tongs 4 to cut (with scissors) face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñæèìàòü 2 íîæíèöû 3 êëåùè face="Times New Roman Star"qyftu (MK ) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kypty (dial.) 2, ky(r)p- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 (Houts. , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrp- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyp- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xypty 2, xypla- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2, qypla- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qypta 2, qypc?yn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xypc?úk 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyptyj 2, kybyt-, kybyj- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyptyj- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 234, EDT 582, ÝÑÒß 6, 221-222, 224, Stachowski 168. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 pest, epidemic 2 mischief 3 archenemy face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÷óìà, ýïèäåìèÿ 2 íåñ÷àñòüå 3 çàêëÿòûé âðàã face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (jag|y) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyran 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qiran 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr (dus?man) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyr (o"sto":x) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, ÝÑÒß 6, 224. Cf. also PT *Kurul- 'to have cramps' (VEWT 304). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.rga- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to swear, curse face="Times New Roman Star"ðóãàòü, ïðîêëèíàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|an- (recipr.) (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-, qyrg|a- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- (Qutb , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rg|e|- face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)g|a- face="Times New Roman Star"GarGa- face="Times New Roman Star"xarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"xúrrún (Adv.) 'angrily' face="Times New Roman Star"kyra:- face="Times New Roman Star"kyra:- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 655, VEWT 237, ÝÑÒß 5, 304-305, Stachowski 169. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/-, *Kyrguj, *Kyragan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hawk, falcon 2 faultless (of a bird of prey) face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿñòðåá, ñîêîë 2 ëîâêèé, áüþùèé áåç ïðîìàõà (î ëîâ÷åé ïòèöå) face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|uj 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyrg|aj, kyrg|y 1, kuran (dial.) 'hawk', kyrkaw (dial., R.) 'a k. of hawk' face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|u (Pav. C. ), qyrg|y (Ettuhf. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|ij 1, qiro|nqara 'îðåë-ìîãèëüíèê' face="Times New Roman Star"g|urg|uj, qarg|aj 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xyza 1, xyrg|yjax 'young hawk' face="Times New Roman Star"x@rxi 1, x@re|n 'kite' face="Times New Roman Star"kyrbyj 'ñåðûé ñîêîë, ñîêîë-÷åãëîê, ÿñòðåá' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"qyra:n, qyran 1, 2, qyrg|yj, qyjg|yr 1, qyrg|yjek 'young hawk' face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|yr (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj, qyrqyn, qyrxyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 266, 269, EDT 654-655, ÝÑÒß 6, 231, 232-235. Turk. *Kyrguj 'falcon' > Mong. kirg|ui, see Ùåðáàê 1997 , 139. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hoar-frost 2 thin snow face="Times New Roman Star"1 èíåé 2 òîíêèé ñíåã face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyrag|u 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw (Áîð. Áàä. , Abush. ), qirau, qirag|u (Pav. C. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qiro|w 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qija, qira, qiro 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrow 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyraw 1, Gyrpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xro 1, xyrbyx 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyra: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@rb@x 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1, ky:rpax, kyrpaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xyra: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyro: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qrau 1, qyrpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qra: 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw, qoruw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265-266, 267, EDT 656, ÝÑÒß 6, 230-231, 241, Stachowski 169. Turk. > MMong. (HY ) kira'u, WMong. kirag|u, Khalkha x/aru: 'hoar-frost' etc. (see Doerfer TMN 3, 569, Ùåðáàê 1997 , 138, Clark 1977 , 147, although the latter's derivation of *kyragu < *kyr 'grey' is hardly acceptable). Cf. also PT *Kyr-lac? 'the coldest time of winter' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 237-238). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ry face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old woman or man 3 to become old face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðûé 2 ñòàðóõà, ñòàðèê 3 ñòàðåòü face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK , KB ) 1, qary- (MK , KB ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kary, kart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MA , Abush. ) 1, qary- (MA , Abush. ) 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1, qari- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 1,2, qeri- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gary, Gart 2,1 face="Times New Roman Star"Garry 1, Garra- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kir@ 1, kir@- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1, qary- 3, qart 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary ? qe|ri, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1,2 (also 'woman') face="Times New Roman Star"qary, g|arry 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 644, TMN 3, 440, ÝÑÒß 5, 311-312, 314-316, Ëåêñèêà 84-85, Stachowski 169, 170. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to break, demolish 2 small 3 to scrape, shave face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ìàëåíüêèé 3 ñêðåñòè, áðèòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 'to scrape; to tear out' face="Times New Roman Star"kyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 (Pav. C. ), 1, 'to cut off' (Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qir- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 3, 'to cut' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265; EDT 643; TMN 3, 567, Ëåêñèêà 382, ÝÑÒß 6, 227-229, Stachowski 168, 170. The Yak. form kyra 'small' is a rather transparent semantical derivative, although it is not usually listed among the reflexes of PT *Kyr-. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrgak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"edge face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|ag| (MK ) 'selvage, edge' face="Times New Roman Star"kyrak face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg|, qyrag| (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|o|q face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)g|aq face="Times New Roman Star"GyraG face="Times New Roman Star"xri, xyryj, xyryg| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag| face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: face="Times New Roman Star"qyry face="Times New Roman Star"qyru: face="Times New Roman Star"qyraq face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, EDT 653, ÝÑÒß 6, 242-244, Stachowski 170. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to shear, scrape face="Times New Roman Star"ñòðè÷ü, ñêðåñòè face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyrk- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- (AH , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qirq- face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)q- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrx- face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"xyryx- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq-, qyrqy- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"kyrt- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|y- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"qyrq- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 651, VEWT 266, ÝÑÒß 6, 236-237. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 isolated mountain 2 mountain top, mountain ridge 3 steppe, desert, level ground 4 edge face="Times New Roman Star"1 îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùàÿ ãîðà 2 âåðøèíà ãîðû, ãðåáåíü ãîðû, âîçâûøåííîñòü 3 ñòåïü, ïóñòûíÿ, ðàâíèíà 4 êðàé face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 1 (MK , KB ), 'rising ground' (IM ,14 c.) face="Times New Roman Star"kyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (Sangl. ), qir (Pav. C. ) 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qir 2, 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qir 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr 2, 'roof' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xir 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtas 2; kyrdal 'hill' face="Times New Roman Star"kyrdal 'hill' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641, VEWT 265, Ëåêñèêà 95-96, ÝÑÒß 6, 225, Stachowski 169. Derived is PT *Kyran 'edge, ridge' (ÝÑÒß 6, 226); but note that modern forms like Turkm. Gyra, Tuva qyra etc. are borrowed < Mong. kira. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 expensive, miserly 2 to wish, envy, be miserly face="Times New Roman Star"1 äîðîãîé, ñêóïîé 2 æåëàòü, çàâèäîâàòü, ñêóïèòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Ettuhf. , AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"qizg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qizg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysqan- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"x@rg|en- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kysan- 'íóæäàòüñÿ, èìåòü íàäîáíîñòü' face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzg|an- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, EDT 680, Ëåêñèêà 339, ÝÑÒß 6, 248-249. The root is also attested as kyrs in Tur. dialects, and as qyrzan- in Tuva The verbal form *Kyr/-gan- is sometimes attested as qysg|an- due to a contamination with *Kys-ga- 'short, narrow' (v. sub *ki/so ). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"winter face="Times New Roman Star"çèìà face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys? (AH , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qis? face="Times New Roman Star"qis? face="Times New Roman Star"qys face="Times New Roman Star"Gys? face="Times New Roman Star"Gys? face="Times New Roman Star"xys face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"x@l face="Times New Roman Star"kys, kyhyn face="Times New Roman Star"kyhyn face="Times New Roman Star"qy`s? face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys face="Times New Roman Star"qys face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"qys face="Times New Roman Star"qys? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 670, VEWT 268, TMN 3, 479, Ëåêñèêà 75-76, ÝÑÒß 6, 253-254, Stachowski 167-168. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyc?-gyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to shout, cry face="Times New Roman Star"êðè÷àòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qic?qir- face="Times New Roman Star"Gys?Gyr- face="Times New Roman Star"xysxyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qys?yr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?yr- face="Times New Roman Star"kyskyj- 'to whistle' face="Times New Roman Star"qys?qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qysqyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?yr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?yr- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 261. Turk. > WMong. qaskira-, Kalm. xa"s?kr- (KW 178). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kysyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 barren (cow) 2 barren mare face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿëîâàÿ (êîðîâà) 2 ÿëîâàÿ êîáûëà face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysraq 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kysyr 1, kysrak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr (Pav. C. ) 1, qysyraq 2 (Houts. , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qisir 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, GysraG 2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gysyr 1, Gysraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"xyzyr 1, xyzyrax 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@z@r 1, k@sre 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kytara:- 'ñòàòü ñòàðîäîéíîþ, ÿëîâåòü' face="Times New Roman Star"kytarak 'barren' face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyr 1, qyzyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyt|yr 1, qyt|yraq (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1, qysyraq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qysyr 1 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 668-669, VEWT 267, 268, ÝÑÒß 6, 249-251, Stachowski 170. Turk. > Kalm. ki:sr, KW 234 (but Doerfer TMN 3, 476 objects, saying that Kalm. is a "dialektische Variante von ku":sr < ke'u"-ser"); > Mong. qusuran| / kisuran| 'barren (cow)' > Man. kisari. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hard face="Times New Roman Star"òâåðäûé face="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (MK , KB , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"kat (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qaty face="Times New Roman Star"qatyg| (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|tiq face="Times New Roman Star"qetiq face="Times New Roman Star"Gaty face="Times New Roman Star"Gat, Gaty face="Times New Roman Star"xatyg| face="Times New Roman Star"qadyg| face="Times New Roman Star"qatu: face="Times New Roman Star"xydú face="Times New Roman Star"kyta:nax face="Times New Roman Star"kyta:nak face="Times New Roman Star"qa'dyg| face="Times New Roman Star"qatu: face="Times New Roman Star"qatty face="Times New Roman Star"qat face="Times New Roman Star"qaty face="Times New Roman Star"qatty face="Times New Roman Star"qaty face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 597-598, VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 334-335, Stachowski 170. Yak. xat-, Dolg. kat- 'to dry up' (Stachowski 140) < Mong. qata- id. Khak. xatyg| also probably has -t- under Mong. influence. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyd- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 edge, border, seashore, frontier 2 margin, edging face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðàé, ãðàíèöà, áåðåã 2 îïóøêà, êàéìà face="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yg| (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyjy, kyj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyzyg| 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyg| 2 face="Times New Roman Star"quju 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyty: 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qydyg| 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyju: 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjuw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 598, VEWT 261, Ëåêñèêà 94, ÝÑÒß 6, 196-197, 203. The root is also attested in verbal function (*Kydy- 'to border, hem'), see ÝÑÒß 6, 196. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.dy face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pine tree face="Times New Roman Star"ñîñíà face="Times New Roman Star"xara-xazy face="Times New Roman Star"xyrú face="Times New Roman Star"kytyan 'juniper' face="Times New Roman Star"xady face="Times New Roman Star"xady face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 291-292, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 179. Most languages reflect the compound *Kara-ka.dy (borrowed in Mong. as qarag|ai 'larch'). face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:tyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to walk, go round face="Times New Roman Star"õîäèòü, îáõîäèòü âîêðóã face="Times New Roman Star"kydyr- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qidir- face="Times New Roman Star"Gydyr- (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"kytygyras 'ïðîâîðíûé, áûñòðûé, ðåçâûé (î çâåðå), ñêîðîõîä' face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-; qydyn| 'ñåìåíÿùèé ïðè áåãå (î æèâ.)' face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 185. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:c?- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to criticize, malice face="Times New Roman Star"êðèòèêîâàòü, çëîáñòâîâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?ur- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|y- (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z?|yt 'reproach' face="Times New Roman Star"xysxar- 'to reproach, blame', xyz?|yr- 'to tease smb.' face="Times New Roman Star"ky:hyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?yry- 'to tease, ridicule' face="Times New Roman Star"qyz?|yn- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 59.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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