| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"ku"r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ox | face="Times New Roman Star"áûê, âîë | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z | face="Times New Roman Star"ugi>z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ho.kiz | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z, ho"ku"z | face="Times New Roman Star"kus | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ku"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"kiz, o"ku"z |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"vúw|gúw|r | face="Times New Roman Star"og|us | face="Times New Roman Star"ogus |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"gi>z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"giz | face="Times New Roman Star"ugi>d| | face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"z | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"ku"z | face="Times New Roman Star"oku"z, o"gu"z | face="Times New Roman Star"o"giz |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"z | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120, VEWT 370, ÝÑÒß 1, 521-523, Ëåêñèêà 439, Stachowski 190. Clauson 1959 derives the form from Tokh. B okso (corrected to Tokh. A in EDT); justly refuted by Doerfer TMN 1, 539 because of original *p-. Turk. (Bulg.) > Hung. o"ko"r, see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 23. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to die 2 (*o"l-tu"r-) to kill | face="Times New Roman Star"1 óìèðàòü 2 (*o"l-tu"r-) óáèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (Yen., OUygh.), o"lu"r- 2 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (MK, KB), o"ldu"r- 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"ter- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (Sangl.), o"lu"r- 2 (Abush.), o"ltu"r- 2 (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"u.l-, u.ldir- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"l- 1, ju"lyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"der- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"du"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"hil-/he.l-, o"l- 'to die (of animals)' ( < Az.) | face="Times New Roman Star"vil- 1, v@w|ler- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lo"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lo"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lti_r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltir- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"lter- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ol/- 1, ol/der- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltir- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"ldyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 371; ÝÑÒß 1, 525-527, TMN 2, 112, 162-3; EDT 125-126, 133-134, 151, Stachowski 199. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"pke | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"lung; anger | face="Times New Roman Star"ëåãêîå; ãíåâ | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke (MK, IM), o"fke (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"fke 'anger', o"jken 'lung' (interdial.? Tu"rki?) | face="Times New Roman Star"u"pka" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke, o"fke (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.pka | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pka" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpe | face="Times New Roman Star"o"xba" (dial. Nuxa) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"jken | face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpe | face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpe | face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpo" | face="Times New Roman Star"hikka" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke (NW), u"pke |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpe (o"'kpe - Áè÷åëäåé 2001) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"'kpe | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pko" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpa" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke | face="Times New Roman Star"u"pka" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke | face="Times New Roman Star"u"fke | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke | face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpa" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"hhen (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 373, EDT 9, ÝÑÒß 1, 540-541, Ëåêñèêà 276-277. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o":r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to rise 2 up, above | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäíèìàòüñÿ 2 âåðõ, íàâåðõó | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2, (dial.) o"r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r 2, u"r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o":r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ha"r-a"k- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"t 'upper part' | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"t, o"ttu" 'side', o"ru"te 'above' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2, o"r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"r 2, u"r- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 195, VEWT 373, ÝÑÒß 1, 542-544, Stachowsi 200, 253. Cf. also OT o"rgin 'throne' (EDT 225), Chag. o"ru"k 'tent' (ÝÑÒß 1, 546) - which should be kept distinct from the later borrowed (from Mong., see under *o:r/i) o"rge 'tent', see Clark 1977, 142. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to grow | face="Times New Roman Star"ðàñòè | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"u.s- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"'s- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"t|- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 552-553. Doubts about OT o"s- see in EDT 241, 251, with a discussion in Clark 1977, 142-144. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"l/u"n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 shoulder joint 2 shoulder bone 3 chest 4 collar bone 5 shoulder | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïëå÷åâîé ñãèá 2 ïëå÷åâàÿ êîñòü 3 ãðóäü 4 êëþ÷èöà 5 ïëå÷î | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?u"n (OUygh.) 'some body part (shoulder joint?)' | face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?u"n (MK) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) u"z?u"n 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) o"s?ni, o"s?ne 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?tu" 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"z?u"n 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"z?u"n 'upper arm' | face="Times New Roman Star"o"'x/u"n 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?u"n 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 263, Äûáî 160, Ëåêñèêà 241-242. Stachowski 201 compares also Yak., Dolg. o"ttu"k 'hip' ( < *o"l/u"n-ik). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to pass by, pass through | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðîõîäèòü ìèìî, ïðîõîäèòü ÷åðåç | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"ju"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"vit- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"`t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"u"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 39, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 554-555. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o":t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"gall | face="Times New Roman Star"æåë÷ü | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"u"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"d (Pav. C.), o"t (AH, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"d | face="Times New Roman Star"o":t | face="Times New Roman Star"u"t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"t |
| face="Times New Roman Star"vat |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"u"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"jo"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 35, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 504-505. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*et-mek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bread | face="Times New Roman Star"õëåá | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"etmek (MK), epmek (MK - Oghuz, Qypch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, ekmek | face="Times New Roman Star"ikma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, o"tmek (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"a"ppa"k | face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) ekmek, epmek | face="Times New Roman Star"ipek | face="Times New Roman Star"itpa"k | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpo"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpek | face="Times New Roman Star"ikma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek | face="Times New Roman Star"iekmek | face="Times New Roman Star"ekmek, etmek, o"tmek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ekmek | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 12, 60, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 254-256. The oldest form is clearly *et-mek with various subsequent assimilations. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"r/-ge | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"other | face="Times New Roman Star"äðóãîé | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge (MK - Tefs.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge | face="Times New Roman Star"u"zga" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o.zga" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zga" | face="Times New Roman Star"u"zge | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zga" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"ske | face="Times New Roman Star"o"sko" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"ske | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ske | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zgo" | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge | face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 285, VEWT 377, ÝÑÒß 1, 508. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*doku- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to weave | face="Times New Roman Star"òêàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"doku- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.qi- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"toxu- | face="Times New Roman Star"doqa- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"? tog|ustun 'íàçâ. äåðåâà, èç êîò. äåëàþò ÷åëíîêè' | face="Times New Roman Star"doqu- | face="Times New Roman Star"toxy- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 484-5, EDT 467, ÝÑÒß 3, 253-254 (to distinguish from *toky- 'to beat'), Ëåêñèêà 395. Turk. > WMong. toki-, Kalm. tok@- 'to plait' (KW 398). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to snatch, take 2 to bite | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðàòü, õâàòàòü 2 êóñàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (AH, IM, Pav. C., Qutb) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyp- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qa'p- 'to grab with one's mouth; bite (of fish)' | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qab- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, EDT 580, ÝÑÒß 5, 264-265, TMN 3, 373-374. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:pan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"boar | face="Times New Roman Star"êàáàí |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|bo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"qavan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gaban | face="Times New Roman Star"Gaban |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaman |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xavan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaman | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"qaban |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaban |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaban | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 216, ÝÑÒß 5, 164, Ëåêñèêà 156. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:puk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark (n.) 2 shell | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ñêîðëóïà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq (Tefs.) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kabuk 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qapuq 1 (MA, AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|biq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qobuq (R, o-t) 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GabyG 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:byG 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xabyx (Kach.) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xavyq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabuq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qap, qaby 1, 2 'external cover, covering' | face="Times New Roman Star"qabux 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qabyq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qabuq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 234, TMN 3, 368-9, ÝÑÒß 5, 168, Ëåêñèêà 107, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAc?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to run away, flee | face="Times New Roman Star"óáåãàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (Orkh., Yen.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (Houts., AH, IM, MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"xas- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, ÝÑÒß 5, 340-342. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*KAtyr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"mule | face="Times New Roman Star"ìóë |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"katyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr (AH, Houts., IM) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyr | face="Times New Roman Star"Gatyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qatyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qadyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 242, ÝÑÒß 5, 339-340, TMN 3, No 1395. The Turkic form may well be borrowed < Iran., cf. Saka khad.ara- 'mule'. Here -d.- points to *rd, cf. Sogd. g|rtr'k < *xarataraka 'mule' (for a quite similar compound cf. Pers. astar 'mule' < *assa-tara 'horse from one side' (Bailey 70). Doerfer is concerned about lack of length in Turkic, but length is likewise lacking in Saka and other Iranian forms. The only phonetic difficulty is the Turkic reflex -t-, because Saka d. in the Saka-Uygh. glossary (14th c.) renders Turkic -r-. In one obvious Saka loan the Saka -d.- is indeed rendered as -r-: cu:d.a:m. 'stadium' (Av. c?ar@tu-) > OT (Hap. by MK) c?ura:m 'a shot with a light far-flying arrow. However, if 'mule' is borrowed, it is hardly a Xinjiang loanword but rather a Common Turkic, and perhaps from another Iranian language (Sogdian?). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aja | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 rock 2 mountain 3 slope | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñêàëà 2 ãîðà 3 ñêëîí | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (Houts., AH, Ettuhf., Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|je| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qija 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Ga:ja, Gaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kaja 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1, qyja 3 ('oblique slope' - through contamination with *kyj- 'oblique') |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyja 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221, TMN 3, 565, EDT 674-5, ÝÑÒß 5, 198-199, Ëåêñèêà 96, Stachowski 133. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kadyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hard, strong, cruel | face="Times New Roman Star"êðåïêèé, ñèëüíûé, æåñòîêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"qadyr (Orkh., OUygh.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xazyr | face="Times New Roman Star"qazyr | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xata:ryj- 'âûìåùàòü ìñòèòåëüíîñòü, íåïðèÿçíü, çëîïàìÿòñòâîâàòü' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Todzh. xadyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'contradiction, objection' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'angry' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, TMN 3, 378-379, ÝÑÒß 5, 216. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ady- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sew, sew together 2 leather belt | face="Times New Roman Star"1 øèòü, ñøèâàòü 2 êîæàíûé ïîÿñ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qad|u- 1, qad|ys? 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kajis? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja- 1, Gajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:s 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xatys 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- > Chuv. xaj- 1, qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 219, TMN 3, 408, EDT 596, 607, ÝÑÒß 5, 199, 218, Ëåêñèêà 386. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to stay behind, remain | face="Times New Roman Star"îñòàâàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Orkh., OUygh., Yenis.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Sangl., Qutb., Houts., AH, IM, MA, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|l- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gal- | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"xal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jol- | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:l- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qal- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qal- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 615-616, VEWT 224, ÝÑÒß 5, 226-227, Åãîðîâ 347, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 483, Stachowski 142. |
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