| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"age; year | face="Times New Roman Star"âîçðàñò; ãîä | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (Ettuhf., AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, d/as? | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:s |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as | face="Times New Roman Star"jas | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 975-6, ÝÑÒß 4, 161-163, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 130, TMN 4, 97, Ëåêñèêà 84. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"tear | face="Times New Roman Star"ñëåçà | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"je|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (AH, Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as |
| face="Times New Roman Star"d/as? | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"kos/-s/ol |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as | face="Times New Roman Star"jas | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, EDT 975-976, Àøì. VII, 32, ÝÑÒß 4, 161-163 (because of external evidence should be distinguished both from *ja:l' 'age' and *ja:l' 'fresh, green'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"young | face="Times New Roman Star"ìîëîäîé |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"je|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, d/as? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?es? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as | face="Times New Roman Star"jas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?, z?as?, zas? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas?, jes? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"jas? | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 162, VEWT 192 (one of several *ja:l/ roots; within Turkic hardly distinguishable from *ja:l/ 'green vegetables; green', but historically different). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/-yl | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 green 2 yellow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çåëåíûé 2 æåëòûé | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"je|s?el 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (MA) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?il 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jahsyl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?yl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?azyl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?az?yl (R.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"d/az?yl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?yl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ulz/a, s/ulz?|a, s/úvúls/ 'leaf' ( = Bashk. ja"s?elsa" 'greens, vegetables') | face="Times New Roman Star"saha-r- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"haha-r- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?yl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?asyl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jasyl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?el 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?as?il 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jes?li 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?asyl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?il 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *ja:l/ 'young, green vegetables' (OUygh. jas?, MK jas?, Turkm. ja:s?, see ÝÑÒß 4, 162, EDT 975, 976, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 134, Stachowski 93). This root is often mixed with homophonous *ja:l/ 'tear' and *ja:l/ 'age, year', see ÝÑÒß 4, 161-164 (all three roots have different Altaic etymologies). Turk. > Mong. jasil 'buckthorn' (Clark 1980, 41). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.l/(c?)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to blaze, flame 2 lightning | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñâåðêàòü, ñèÿòü 2 ìîëíèÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?u- 1, jas?yn 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?u- 1, jas?yn 2 (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"je|s?en 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yn 2 (AH), jas?yq 'sun' (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jas?in 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?azyn 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?az?yn 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz?yn, d/a:z?yn 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/is/- 1, s/iz/@m 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jasyn 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?en 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yn 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 977, 979, VEWT 192, ÝÑÒß 4, 149-150, Ëåêñèêà 22-23. Turk. *jal/yn > Mong. jas?in 'lightning' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 123). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to lie, to sleep | face="Times New Roman Star"ëåæàòü, ñïàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|t- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?at- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?at- (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"d/at- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"syt- | face="Times New Roman Star"hyt- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?y't- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?y't- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|at- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaht- | face="Times New Roman Star"jat- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, EDT 884, ÝÑÒß 4, 156-158, Stachowski 120. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"foreign(er) | face="Times New Roman Star"÷óæîé, èíîñòðàííûé | face="Times New Roman Star"jat (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"jat (Pav. C., AH, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|t | face="Times New Roman Star"jat |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jad | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:t | face="Times New Roman Star"c?at |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jat, d/at |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|at | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at | face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"jat |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"z?at |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jat | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 882, VEWT 192, ÝÑÒß 4, 158-159, Ëåêñèêà 564. Turk. > WMong. z?|ad, Kalm. zad (KW 462, Ùåðáàê 1997, 123). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 fat n., butter 2 lard 3 thick, fat (adj.) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 æèð, ìàñëî 2 ñàëî 3 òîëñòûé, æèðíûé | face="Times New Roman Star"jag| 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jag| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jag| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jag| 1 (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|g| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:g| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"d/u: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:g| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/u, s/úw|v 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sya 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"hya 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|oo-n 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?au 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jag| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jav 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 177, EDT 895, ÝÑÒß 4, 58-59, Ëåêñèêà 453, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 127, Stachowski 117. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jabal/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"soft, mild; slow, quiet | face="Times New Roman Star"ìÿãêèé, íåæíûé; òèõèé, ìåäëåííûé | face="Times New Roman Star"jabas? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"javas? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"javas? | face="Times New Roman Star"juwas?, juas? | face="Times New Roman Star"javas? (AH, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|wwo|s?, juwo|s? | face="Times New Roman Star"javas?, juvas?, jugas? (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"javas? | face="Times New Roman Star"juvas? | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abas | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abas?, c?obas? | face="Times New Roman Star"d/obos? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwas | face="Times New Roman Star"juwas | face="Times New Roman Star"jywas? | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uwas? | face="Times New Roman Star"javas? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"javas?, juvas? | face="Times New Roman Star"See VEWT 175, ÝÑÒß 4, 51-52, TMN 4, 207-208. Cf. also (with different suffixation) Karakh. jav-yl- 'to become soft', java (jer) 'warm, cosy place'; Yak. samaa-n 'warm, favourable (of summer)'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jaglyk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"kerchief | face="Times New Roman Star"ïëàòîê |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jag|lyk | face="Times New Roman Star"jawlyq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jag|liq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jajlyG | face="Times New Roman Star"jag|lyq, dial. ja:lyq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s/ulúk |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:luq | face="Times New Roman Star"z?awlyq | face="Times New Roman Star"jawlyq | face="Times New Roman Star"jawlyq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ja:lyq | face="Times New Roman Star"jag|lyq | face="Times New Roman Star"z?awlyq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jawluq | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 61 (with Turkm. ja:Glyq), Ìóäðàê 27, Àøì. XII, 224, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 132-133. Derivation from *jag 'fat' (TMN 4, 179) seems quite improbable. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jagyr, *jagryn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"back, shoulderblade | face="Times New Roman Star"ñïèíà, ëîïàòêà |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ry, dial. jag|yr, jag|ry | face="Times New Roman Star"jawyryn, jawyrny, z?|awyr (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jag|ryn (Pav. C., AH, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jag|rin |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yrny; jag|yryn, jag|ryn (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jawyryn | face="Times New Roman Star"jawyryn (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jag|r@ (Kakuk) | face="Times New Roman Star"jawrun | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 178, ÝÑÒß 4, 65-67, Äûáî 139-141, Ëåêñèêà 242. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.gyr/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"brown | face="Times New Roman Star"áóðûé | face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz, jayz |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz (AH), jowuz (Ettuhf.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jag|yz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s/yr(ú) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jawuz | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 64-65, EDT 909. Despite Poppe 61, Âëàäèìèðöîâ 267 and Clauson (EDT 909) Mong. dajir 'brown' - with which they would like to compare the Turkic form - does not exist. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to write | face="Times New Roman Star"ïèñàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (MK Oghuz.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (Pav. C., Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"s/yr- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jad|- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az-, zaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 193, ÝÑÒß 4, 70-71, EDT 984. Turk. > Hung. i/r- (MNyTESz 2, 227-228). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 spring 2 summer | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âåñíà 2 ëåòî | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz (AH 1, Ettuhf. 2) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas, d/as 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/or 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jad| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"zaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 193, ÝÑÒß 4, 71, EDT 982, Ëåêñèêà 73, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 138-139, Stachowski 100. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.r/-, *ja.r/y | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 flat 2 steppe, flat ground 3 to spread, spread out, flatten folds | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïëîñêèé 2 ñòåïü, ïëîñêàÿ ïî÷âà 3 ðàññòèëàòü, ðàñïðàâëÿòü ñêëàäêè | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3 (OUygh.) jazy 1,2 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3 (MK, KB), jazy 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jazy 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3 (Pav. C.), jazy 2 (Ettuhf., AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3, jazi, jezi 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jazy 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3, jazy 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?azy 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas-, d/as- 3, jazy, d/azy 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"syhy: 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?as- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az- 3, z?|azy 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- 3, z?azy 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3, jazy 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jad|- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 194, EDT 983, 984, ÝÑÒß 4, 69-70, 73, Ëåêñèêà 97. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:.r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to miss, sin | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðîìàõèâàòüñÿ, ãðåøèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jazyk (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- | face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (Pav. C., AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jazyG (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z-, ja:zyq (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jas-, d/as- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sy:s- | face="Times New Roman Star"hy:s- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?as- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- | face="Times New Roman Star"jazyq (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jad|- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az- | face="Times New Roman Star"jazyq (n.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jazyq (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 193 (should be distinguished from *a:r/-), ÝÑÒß 4, 72-73, TMN 4, 162, EDT 983-984, Stachowski 121. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je:- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to eat | face="Times New Roman Star"åñòü | face="Times New Roman Star"je- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"je-, je.- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|im 'food' | face="Times New Roman Star"je- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"- | face="Times New Roman Star"ji- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"ij- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:- | face="Times New Roman Star"d/e- | face="Times New Roman Star"jie:- | face="Times New Roman Star"s/i- | face="Times New Roman Star"sie- | face="Times New Roman Star"hie- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|e- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|eje- (arch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"i- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?e- | face="Times New Roman Star"ji- | face="Times New Roman Star"je- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 194, EDT 869-70, ÝÑÒß 1, 333-335, Stachowski 102. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Edi | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"host | face="Times New Roman Star"õîçÿèí | face="Times New Roman Star"edi (idi) (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"id|i (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ije, ys, is | face="Times New Roman Star"ija" | face="Times New Roman Star"eje (Áîð. Áàä., Abush.), ije (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"a"ja" (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ise | face="Times New Roman Star"jija" | face="Times New Roman Star"eje | face="Times New Roman Star"e: | face="Times New Roman Star"e: | face="Times New Roman Star"e: |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ic?c?i | face="Times New Roman Star"ic?c?i | face="Times New Roman Star"e: ( < Oyr. or Khak.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"e: | face="Times New Roman Star"i>je | face="Times New Roman Star"ije | face="Times New Roman Star"i>ja" | face="Times New Roman Star"ije |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ije, je | face="Times New Roman Star"ije |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jeje | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 237-241, TMN 2, 176, EDT 41, Ëåêñèêà 324-325, Stachowski 122. Some forms (Tur. ys, is, Yak. ic?c?i etc.) go back to a suffixed *ede-si; the Khak. and Shor forms should be explained as a haplology of the same form. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jEk- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to harness | face="Times New Roman Star"çàïðÿãàòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jek-, d/ek- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ek- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek- | face="Times New Roman Star"jek- | face="Times New Roman Star"jek- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jek-, jik- | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jek- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 195, ÝÑÒß 4, 172. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 demon, evil spirit 2 bad, evil 3 to hate, despise 4 to scold | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äåìîí, çëîé äóõ 2 ïëîõîé, îòâðàòèòåëüíûé 3 íåíàâèäåòü, ïðåçèðàòü 4 áðàíèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik 2, z?|iker- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (AH), 2 (Pav. C.), jigir- 3 (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ekir- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ja"kla"- 3, z?|ekir- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3, jek (dial.) 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jek, d/ek 1, 2, jikir- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ek 2, z?|ekte- 3, z?|ekir- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek 2, z?ekir- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"jek 2, jeker- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek 2, z?ekir- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 910, VEWT 194, ÝÑÒß 4, 170-171, 173-174. Loan from Prakr. yakkha (through some unattested Sogdian intermediary) cannot be excluded, but also cannot be ascertained. Turk. > MMong. (MA) z?|ikir- 'hate, abhor'. |
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