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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*e:.r face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 early 2 early in the morning 3 tomorrow 4 (morning sun) > sunny mountain slope face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàíî 2 ðàíî óòðîì 3 çàâòðà 4 (óòðåííåå ñîëíöå) > ñîëíå÷íûé ñêëîí ãîðû face="Times New Roman Star"[ir ? er 4, er-kenin,] erte 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"er, erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"er 1 (Áóä. ), erte 2 (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"erta 2 face="Times New Roman Star"a"(r)ta" 'morning' face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i:r 1, erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"irte 'morning' face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ir 3 face="Times New Roman Star"erde 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erc?in 1 face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ertte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ierte 'next day' face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 202-203, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 302-306, 369-370, Åãîðîâ 70, Ëåêñèêà 79, Stachowski 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to spin, twist face="Times New Roman Star"âèòü, ñó÷èòü, ïëåñòè face="Times New Roman Star"is?- face="Times New Roman Star"es?- (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"es?- face="Times New Roman Star"a"s?- face="Times New Roman Star"es?- face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?- face="Times New Roman Star"es?- face="Times New Roman Star"es?- face="Times New Roman Star"es- face="Times New Roman Star"is?- face="Times New Roman Star"es?- face="Times New Roman Star"es?- face="Times New Roman Star"es- face="Times New Roman Star"es?- face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 396.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to tear, rip open 3 to row 4 to swim 5 to throw away face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ðâàòü 3 ãðåñòè 4 ïëàâàòü 5 âûêèäûâàòü face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"is?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1 (Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ijs?-gek `oar' face="Times New Roman Star"is- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"ha"s?u"- face="Times New Roman Star"alt- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"es-, is- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"es?ti- 4, es?- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"es?-, e'hit- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 51, EDT 255-6, ÝÑÒß 1, 315-316, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 95. Chuv. is?- 'to row; to swim; to demolish, tear' is evidently borrowed from Tat. (as opposed to the genuine al-t- ). Khal. h- is unclear here (external evidence clearly points to *0-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/u"- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to cover 2 (door) curtain > door face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîêðûâàòü 2 (äâåðíîé) çàíàâåñ > äâåðü face="Times New Roman Star"es?u"- 1, es?ik / es?u"k 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"is?i>k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"is?ik 2 (AH , IM ), is?u"k (IM ), es?ik 2 (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i:s?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i:zi>k, i>zi>k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.s?u"k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"algú, alúk 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ez?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"esik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"is?i>k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"jes?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"esik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"es?ik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 256, 260, TMN 2, 183-184, Åãîðîâ 24, ÝÑÒß 1, 396-398, Ëåêñèêà 511-512, 517.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.l/it- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to hear face="Times New Roman Star"ñëûøàòü face="Times New Roman Star"es?id- (Orkh.), es?it- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"is?it- face="Times New Roman Star"is?et-; dial. (Mishar) is?- 'hear' (ÒÒÄÑ 156), (Bar.) is?e|n- 'listen' (ßÁÒ 140) face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- (Abush. 63) face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- face="Times New Roman Star"es?et- (Kashg., ÓÍÑ 109) face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-, pass. es?idil- face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-, pass. es?idil- face="Times New Roman Star"is- / ist- face="Times New Roman Star"is?u"t- face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- face="Times New Roman Star"ihit-, pass. ihilin- face="Times New Roman Star"ihit-, pass. ihilin- face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- face="Times New Roman Star"est- face="Times New Roman Star"esit- face="Times New Roman Star"is?et- face="Times New Roman Star"es?t- face="Times New Roman Star"is?it- face="Times New Roman Star"s?it- face="Times New Roman Star"esit- face="Times New Roman Star"is?ti- face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 51, EDT 257-8, ÝÑÒß 1, 318-319, Åãîðîâ 69, Stachowski 123. Note -d- in Runic and the voicing of -t before a vowel in Az. and Turkm. Khak. has two forms of stem (is- and iste-, morphonologically distributed, so that is- < iste-; the same historical process could have occurred with. Ku"a"r. a"s?-, Kach. es?- (R 1 , 905); so the only clear evidence for the stem *el/- are Tatar dialectal reflexes (in which case -t may be a causative suffix, see Bang 1925 , Zaja,czkowski 1932 ). Shor este- 'to hear', estel- 'to be heard' do not belong here, being derived from *es > is 'mind, memory', like Mod. Uygh. an|la- 'to hear' < an| 'mind'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*el/gek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"donkey face="Times New Roman Star"îñåë face="Times New Roman Star"es?gek (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"es?gek, es?jek (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek face="Times New Roman Star"is?a"k face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek (Áîð. Áàä. , Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"es?a"k face="Times New Roman Star"es?a"k face="Times New Roman Star"es?s?a"k face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek face="Times New Roman Star"es?tek face="Times New Roman Star"az?ak face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek face="Times New Roman Star"esek face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek face="Times New Roman Star"is?a"k face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek face="Times New Roman Star"ies?ek face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek face="Times New Roman Star"es?ek face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 317-318, TMN 2, 65, EDT 260.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:t- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to organize, to make face="Times New Roman Star"óñòðàèâàòü, äåëàòü face="Times New Roman Star"et- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"et- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"et- (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"et-, a"t- face="Times New Roman Star"et-, jet-, it- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"i:deg 'keeping' ('ïðèñìîòð'), et- face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"at- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"it- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"et- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 36-37, ÝÑÒß 1, 312-313, Äûáî Äèññ. 56, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 67. Shortness in Turkm. et- is no doubt secondary: cf. the derivative i:deg, and also regular intervocalic voicing -t- > -d- in all Oghuz languages (pointing to original length), see EDT ibid.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 arm 2 forearm 3 shin-bone of animal 4 various measures of length face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðóêà (âåðõíÿÿ ÷àñòü) 2 ïðåäïëå÷üå 3 ãîëåííàÿ êîñòü æèâîòíîãî 4 ðàçëè÷íûå ìåðû äëèíû face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1, qary 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"karu-z?|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qara 4 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1 (Vam. ), qary 1 (Abush. ), 2 (Houts. ), 4 (in all sources) face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1,4, qara 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 4, qaja 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"gari 3 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gary 3,4 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xor 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xary, xara 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyry 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1, qary 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2, qary 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qar 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2, qary 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 3, 461-2, ÝÑÒß 5, 278-283, Äûáî 160-164, Äûáî 1989, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361, Ëåêñèêà 246-247. The usage of *Kary as a measure ('cubit') may seem natural, but in fact reflects a merger with a different root, see under *K(i)aryl/. Turk. > Hung. kar 'arm', see Ligeti 1933, MNyTESz 2, 369.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K[a]r/guk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"pole, peg face="Times New Roman Star"ïàëêà, êîëûøåê face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|uq (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qazn|uq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kazyk face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazuq (Áîð. Áàä. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ziq face="Times New Roman Star"qozuq face="Times New Roman Star"quzuq face="Times New Roman Star"gazyx (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"GazyG face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"*karuH > Hung. karo/ (see Gombocz 1912 , MNyTESz 2, 387). face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qad|a- 'to stick into', qad|aq, qad|yq 'nail' face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 682 (derivation from *Kar/- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Ka:ta- (v. sub *ka:/jta ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEbre face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 corpse 2 to die (of animals) face="Times New Roman Star"1 òðóï 2 äîõíóòü (î æèâîòíûõ) face="Times New Roman Star"ko"vre 'carrion' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"geber-, (dial.) gevre- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ga"ba"r- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"go"vre 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qavraj- 'èñòëåâàòü, òëåòü' (Àøì. 6, 19) (?) face="Times New Roman Star"geber- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"geber- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 244, EDT 690, ÝÑÒß 3, 36. The root is confused here with *ge:p- 'to swell (of belly), become pregnant' (with which it indeed contaminates in Oghuz languages).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:p- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to swell, swollen (of belly) 2 to become pregnant, pregnant 3 to be arrogant, inflated face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïóõíóòü (î æèâîòå) 2 áåðåìåíåòü, áåðåìåííàÿ 3 ÷âàíèòüñÿ, âàæíè÷àòü face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2 face="Times New Roman Star"k@p@r-, k@pr@j- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ga"biz `constipation' face="Times New Roman Star"ga":be 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kabar 'insatiable, gluttonous' face="Times New Roman Star"kiebir- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xever- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kebez?|e, keber 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kebez?e 1 face="Times New Roman Star"k@p@j- 1, k@pr@j- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kep-, gebez?e 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 36. The root is partially confused (and contaminated) with *gebre- 'to die, corpse' (v. sub *ka>pi ).
face="Times New Roman Star"*[k]Ebr/e face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"shoulderblade face="Times New Roman Star"ëîïàòêà face="Times New Roman Star"kebze 'shoulderblade, augury' face="Times New Roman Star"ke|wse| 'tree stem' face="Times New Roman Star"kebze 'shoulder' (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ga"bza" 'handle' face="Times New Roman Star"kebze face="Times New Roman Star"kebze, ko"wzo" (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"ke|wd|e| 'body' face="Times New Roman Star"kebze face="Times New Roman Star"kebze 'breast' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 245, EDT 905, Ëåêñèêà 242-243. The quality of the initial velar is not quite clear: the Az. form perhaps preserves an archaism, while other Oghuz forms may be kypchakisms; otherwise its Altaic connections become more dubious. KKalp. keps?e 'shoulderblade' quoted in VEWT means in reality 'a small shovel' (Russ. ëîïàòêà), from Pers. kapc?a = Osm. kepc?e 'ein grosser Lo"ffel' (VEWT 254).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:kir- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to belch face="Times New Roman Star"ðûãàòü face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gejir- face="Times New Roman Star"kiker- face="Times New Roman Star"gegir- (Pav. C. ), kekir- (MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- face="Times New Roman Star"keki(r)- face="Times New Roman Star"kekirt- (ßÆÓ ) face="Times New Roman Star"ga"jir- face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gir- face="Times New Roman Star"kig@r- face="Times New Roman Star"kegir- face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gu"r- face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr- face="Times New Roman Star"kegert- face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir- face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir- face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- face="Times New Roman Star"kiker- face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- face="Times New Roman Star"gi:r- face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, EDT 712, ÝÑÒß 3, 37, Ëåêñèêà 232.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge.l- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to come face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèõîäèòü face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"gel- face="Times New Roman Star"kil- face="Times New Roman Star"ke.l- (Abush. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l-/kil- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"ga"l- face="Times New Roman Star"gel- face="Times New Roman Star"kil- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"ka"l- face="Times New Roman Star"kil- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"kil- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"gel- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"kel- face="Times New Roman Star"gel-, gej- face="Times New Roman Star"gel- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248; EDT 715, ÝÑÒß 3, 14-16, 31-32, Stachowski 143. The Chuv. and Yak. vowels correspond irregularly.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge.lin face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bride, daughter-in-law face="Times New Roman Star"íåâåñòà, íåâåñòêà face="Times New Roman Star"kelin|-u"n (Orkh., Coll.), kelin (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kelin (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"gelin face="Times New Roman Star"kilen face="Times New Roman Star"kelin (Sangl. , Pav. C. , Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"kelin (Malov) face="Times New Roman Star"ga"lin face="Times New Roman Star"gelin face="Times New Roman Star"kil@n face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"ka"lin (ga"lin < Az.) face="Times New Roman Star"kin, kil@n- face="Times New Roman Star"kiji:t (*plur.) face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"helin, henni- face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"kilen face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"gelin face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"kelin face="Times New Roman Star"kein, kiin (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"gelin face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, EDT 719, ÝÑÒß 3, 16-18, Ëåêñèêà 302.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:.mi face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"boat face="Times New Roman Star"ëîäêà face="Times New Roman Star"kemi (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kemi (MK , IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"gemi face="Times New Roman Star"kime| face="Times New Roman Star"keme (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kema face="Times New Roman Star"kema" face="Times New Roman Star"ga"mi face="Times New Roman Star"ga":mi face="Times New Roman Star"kime face="Times New Roman Star"kebe face="Times New Roman Star"keme face="Times New Roman Star"kim@ face="Times New Roman Star"xeme face="Times New Roman Star"keme face="Times New Roman Star"keme face="Times New Roman Star"keme face="Times New Roman Star"ka"ma" face="Times New Roman Star"keme face="Times New Roman Star"gemi face="Times New Roman Star"gemi face="Times New Roman Star"keme face="Times New Roman Star"kimo" face="Times New Roman Star"geme face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, TMN 3, 668-669, EDT 721-722, ÝÑÒß 3, 37-38. Turk. > Mong. keme (Ùåðáàê 1997 , 126).
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEmu"r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to gnaw face="Times New Roman Star"ãðûçòü, ãëîäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"kemu"r- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gemir-, kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kimer- face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r- (Sangl. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemi(r)- face="Times New Roman Star"ga"mir- face="Times New Roman Star"gemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kim@r- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ru"o" 'spongy bone' face="Times New Roman Star"xemir- face="Times New Roman Star"xemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kimer- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"gemir- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, EDT 723, ÝÑÒß 3, 18-19, Ëåêñèêà 262.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gE:ne face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"tick, name of different parasites face="Times New Roman Star"êëåù, íàçâ. ðàçëè÷íûõ ïàðàçèòîâ face="Times New Roman Star"gene, kene face="Times New Roman Star"kana face="Times New Roman Star"ga"na" face="Times New Roman Star"ga":na" face="Times New Roman Star"kena" face="Times New Roman Star"kene face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, TMN 3, 615-616, ÝÑÒß 5, 63-64, Ëåêñèêà 183. Voiced *g- and front row vocalism speaks against the theory of Turk. being < Pers. kana (although some forms like Khalaj kana and Turkm. dial. ka":na" may have been influenced by the Persian word - which itself has so far no Iranian etymology and must be regarded as a Turkic loanword).
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEne face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"again, also, however face="Times New Roman Star"ñíîâà, òàêæå, îäíàêî face="Times New Roman Star"kene (MKypch.) face="Times New Roman Star"gene face="Times New Roman Star"ga"na" face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 115.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gen|e- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to advise 2 advice face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîâåòîâàòü(ñÿ) 2 ñîâåò face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ken|e- 'to settle one's affairs with someone' (MK , KB ), kenes? 2, ken|es?- 1 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"genges?- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"kin|a"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1 (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n|a"s?- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es- 1, ken|is 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ga"na"s?- 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"gen|es?- 1, gen|es? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es?- 1 (Âåðá. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kanas? 2, kanas?-la- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es? 2, ken|es?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2, ken|es- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n|a"s? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kenges? 'counsel' face="Times New Roman Star"kenes, kenes? 2, kenes?- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es 2, ken|es- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"genges? 'counsel' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 253, EDT 727, 734, ÝÑÒß 3, 21-22, TMN 3, 613-614.
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