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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*ebface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"houseface="Times New Roman Star"äîìface="Times New Roman Star"eb (Orkh.), ev (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ev (MK), o"v (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"evface="Times New Roman Star"o"jface="Times New Roman Star"o"j (Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"ujface="Times New Roman Star"o"jface="Times New Roman Star"ju"face="Times New Roman Star"evface="Times New Roman Star"o"jface="Times New Roman Star"ibface="Times New Roman Star"em, (Kond.) u"jface="Times New Roman Star"u"jface="Times New Roman Star"ha"`vface="Times New Roman Star"av-la-n- 'to marry'

face="Times New Roman Star"o"gface="Times New Roman Star"o"g|face="Times New Roman Star"u"jface="Times New Roman Star"u"jface="Times New Roman Star"u"jface="Times New Roman Star"u"jface="Times New Roman Star"u"jface="Times New Roman Star"jevface="Times New Roman Star"u"jface="Times New Roman Star"u"j
face="Times New Roman Star"u"jface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 34, EDT 3-4, ÝÑÒß 1, 287-288, 513-514, Åãîðîâ 21, Ëåêñèêà 500. The word for 'woman' in some languages goes back to PT *eb-c?i ("housewife"), see EDT 6; borrowed in Mong. as ebsi 'female of a big bear', see Clark 1980, 43).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"pkeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lung; angerface="Times New Roman Star"ëåãêîå; ãíåâface="Times New Roman Star"o"pke (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke (MK, IM), o"fke (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"o"fke 'anger', o"jken 'lung' (interdial.? Tu"rki?)face="Times New Roman Star"u"pka"face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke, o"fke (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.pkaface="Times New Roman Star"o"pka"face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpeface="Times New Roman Star"o"xba" (dial. Nuxa)face="Times New Roman Star"o"jkenface="Times New Roman Star"o"kpeface="Times New Roman Star"o"kpeface="Times New Roman Star"o"kpo"face="Times New Roman Star"hikka"face="Times New Roman Star"o"pke (NW), u"pke

face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpe (o"'kpe - Áè÷åëäåé 2001)face="Times New Roman Star"o"'kpeface="Times New Roman Star"o"pko"face="Times New Roman Star"o"kpa"face="Times New Roman Star"o"pkeface="Times New Roman Star"u"pka"face="Times New Roman Star"o"pkeface="Times New Roman Star"u"fkeface="Times New Roman Star"o"pkeface="Times New Roman Star"o"kpa"face="Times New Roman Star"o"hhen (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"o"pkeface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 373, EDT 9, ÝÑÒß 1, 540-541, Ëåêñèêà 276-277.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 moist, wet 2 marshface="Times New Roman Star"1 âëàæíûé 2 áîëîòîface="Times New Roman Star"o"l (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"l (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"l 1, Osm. o"l 'pool'
face="Times New Roman Star"o"l (Pav. C.) 2, (Sangl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"hu.l 1face="Times New Roman Star"ho"l 'damp, moist'

face="Times New Roman Star"o":l, dial. ho":l 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"l 1face="Times New Roman Star"u":l 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"l 1face="Times New Roman Star"he:^.l, he:.lface="Times New Roman Star"vil@ 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"l 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"l 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"l 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"l 1





face="Times New Roman Star"ho"l 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 371, Åãîðîâ 54, ÝÑÒß 1, 524-525, TMN 2, 161-2. The common Turk. derivative *o"len| (ÝÑÒß 1, 527-528, Ëåêñèêà 119) means 'rich grass' (hence Chuv. valem; > MMong. olan|, olen| (SH), WMong. o"lu"n|, Kalm. o"ln|, see KW 295, TMN 2, 161, Ùåðáàê 1997, 165, 197).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to die 2 (*o"l-tu"r-) to killface="Times New Roman Star"1 óìèðàòü 2 (*o"l-tu"r-) óáèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (Yen., OUygh.), o"lu"r- 2 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (MK, KB), o"ldu"r- 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"ter- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (Sangl.), o"lu"r- 2 (Abush.), o"ltu"r- 2 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"u.l-, u.ldir- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ju"l- 1, ju"lyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"der- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"du"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"hil-/he.l-, o"l- 'to die (of animals)' ( < Az.)face="Times New Roman Star"vil- 1, v@w|ler- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lo"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lo"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lti_r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltir- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"lter- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jo"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ol/- 1, ol/der- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltir- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"ldyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 371; ÝÑÒß 1, 525-527, TMN 2, 112, 162-3; EDT 125-126, 133-134, 151, Stachowski 199.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"rtface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 flame 2 to burn (tr.) 3 steppe fire 4 to get burntface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïëàìÿ 2 æå÷ü 3 ñòåïíîé ïîæàð 4 îáãîðàòüface="Times New Roman Star"o"rt 1, 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"rt 1, 3 (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"u"rt 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"rt 1, 3 (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"o"rte- 4face="Times New Roman Star"o"rt 3, o"rte- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"virt 3face="Times New Roman Star"o"rt 3
face="Times New Roman Star"o"rtet- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"'rt 'wood fire'face="Times New Roman Star"o"rt 1








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 375, EDT 201, 208-9, ÝÑÒß 1, 550-551, Ëåêñèêà 357-358.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"r/-geface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"otherface="Times New Roman Star"äðóãîéface="Times New Roman Star"o"zge (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge (MK - Tefs.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"zgeface="Times New Roman Star"u"zga"face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.zga"face="Times New Roman Star"o"zga"face="Times New Roman Star"u"zgeface="Times New Roman Star"o"zga"face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge
face="Times New Roman Star"o"skeface="Times New Roman Star"o"sko"



face="Times New Roman Star"o"skeface="Times New Roman Star"o"skeface="Times New Roman Star"o"zgo"face="Times New Roman Star"o"zgeface="Times New Roman Star"o"zge
face="Times New Roman Star"o"zge
face="Times New Roman Star"o"zgeface="Times New Roman Star"o"zge
face="Times New Roman Star"o"zgeface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 285, VEWT 377, ÝÑÒß 1, 508.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"gallface="Times New Roman Star"æåë÷üface="Times New Roman Star"o"t (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"t (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"u"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"d (Pav. C.), o"t (AH, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"o.tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"jo"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"dface="Times New Roman Star"o":tface="Times New Roman Star"u"t
face="Times New Roman Star"o"t
face="Times New Roman Star"vat

face="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"u"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"jo"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"o"tface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 35, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 504-505.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":tu"-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old, abandoned house 3 everything old 4 name of the homeland of the Turks ("old country")face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðûé 2 ñòàðîå, çàáðîøåííîå æèëèùå 3 ñòàðüå 4 íàçâ. ìåñòíîñòèface="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ken 4 (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ken 4 (MK)











face="Times New Roman Star"vadú 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"to"x 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"to"k 3face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ka"n `name of a mountain ridge in Tuva' (ÔèË 215)face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ka"n `ðîâíîå øèðîêîå ìåñòî íà áåëêàõ, óäîáíîå äëÿ ïàñòüáû îëåíåé' (ÔèË 215)









face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 85; ÄÒÑ 393; Stachowski 201. Chuv. va- points only to PT *o":-. Turk. > Bur. u"tu"gen `shaman word for earth' > Yak. u"tu"gen 'íåèçâåñòíàÿ äàëü; ïðåèñïîäíÿÿ' (Ïåê. III 3195).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"l/u"nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 shoulder joint 2 shoulder bone 3 chest 4 collar bone 5 shoulderface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïëå÷åâîé ñãèá 2 ïëå÷åâàÿ êîñòü 3 ãðóäü 4 êëþ÷èöà 5 ïëå÷îface="Times New Roman Star"o"s?u"n (OUygh.) 'some body part (shoulder joint?)'face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?u"n (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) u"z?u"n 2

face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) o"s?ni, o"s?ne 5



face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?tu" 5face="Times New Roman Star"o"z?u"n 4



face="Times New Roman Star"o"z?u"n 'upper arm'face="Times New Roman Star"o"'x/u"n 5



face="Times New Roman Star"o"s?u"n 3




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 263, Äûáî 160, Ëåêñèêà 241-242. Stachowski 201 compares also Yak., Dolg. o"ttu"k 'hip' ( < *o"l/u"n-ik).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to pass by, pass throughface="Times New Roman Star"ïðîõîäèòü ìèìî, ïðîõîäèòü ÷åðåçface="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"u"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"o.t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"ju"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-
face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-
face="Times New Roman Star"vit-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-
face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"`t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"u"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-
face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"o"t-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 39, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 554-555.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tokface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 hummel 2 base of a horn 3 with a shaved headface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîìîëûé 2 îñíîâàíèå ðîãà 3 áðèòîãîëîâûé
face="Times New Roman Star"toq 3 (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"toqal (R) 1face="Times New Roman Star"to.qo|l 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1





face="Times New Roman Star"? toq 'Gipfel, Spitze'


face="Times New Roman Star"toqpaq 'êóöûé' (õâîñò), doqpaq 'êîðíîóõèé'face="Times New Roman Star"? to'q 'êðóïíûé î øàðîîáðàçíîì'face="Times New Roman Star"toqol 1face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"toqal, toqalaq 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tuqal 1face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1
face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'ñ òóïûì êîíöîì'face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 485, 486 (but not < Mong., despite Ra"sa"nen); EDT 464.
face="Times New Roman Star"{*o"n|u"k}face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 tails and ears of a cushion; fringe 2 buttonface="Times New Roman Star"1 çàâÿçêè íà ïîäóøêå; áàõðîìà 2 ïóãîâèöà
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n|ik 1














face="Times New Roman Star"o":k 2face="Times New Roman Star"o":k 2









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 183-184, ÔèË 215.}
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"gu"rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 herd 2 tame 3 companion 4 group of peopleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàäî, ñòàÿ 2 äîìàøíèé 3 ñîòîâàðèùface="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"r 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"r 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"o"ju"r 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"o"jer 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"gu"r 1,2, 3 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ujur 1


face="Times New Roman Star"o":ri 'pasture'face="Times New Roman Star"o":r 1face="Times New Roman Star"o":r 1face="Times New Roman Star"u":r 1

face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r 1face="Times New Roman Star"o":r 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"o":r 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"ju"r 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"u"jir 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"jir 1; 'convivial'face="Times New Roman Star"o"jo"r 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"ju"r 'family'

face="Times New Roman Star"u"jir 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"u"ju"r 1; 'attached'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 369, Stachowski 251. Turk. (with a later developed meaning 'companionship', see EDT 112) > WMong. u"gu"r, Kalm. u":r (not vice versa, despite VEWT ibid.). A possible derivative ( < *'to be tamed'?) can be PT *o"gr-e-n- 'to learn' (ÝÑÒß 1, 496-498).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to praise 2 to rejoiceface="Times New Roman Star"1 õâàëèòü 2 ðàäîâàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"o"g- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), o"gir- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"g- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"g|-, o"v- 1





face="Times New Roman Star"o"w- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"o"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o":ru"- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o":r- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"o"v- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 100, 113, VEWT 369, ÝÑÒß 1, 494-495, Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"k-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be satiated, fullface="Times New Roman Star"íàñûùàòüñÿ, íàåäàòüñÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"byk-



face="Times New Roman Star"pek-






face="Times New Roman Star"bo"g|o"x 'satiated'face="Times New Roman Star"bo"go"k 'satiated'face="Times New Roman Star"po"k-face="Times New Roman Star"po"k- (note the absence of pharyngealization - pointing to PT length?)face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k-face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k-face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k-face="Times New Roman Star"bu"k-
face="Times New Roman Star"byq-face="Times New Roman Star"byq-


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 83 (together with bu"k- 'to lock'), EDT 324, ÝÑÒß 2, 211, Stachowski 63.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)amak / *K(i)apakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 forehead 2 front part 3 eyelid 4 eyebrowface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîá 2 ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü 3 âåêî 4 áðîâü
face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kabak 'bald', dial. kabag 1, 2, 'face', 'skull'face="Times New Roman Star"ku"z qabag|y 3, dial. taw qabag|y 'mountain slope'face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1, 2 (Sangl., Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vo|q 3face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qawaq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq 'nose bridge' (ßÆÓ)face="Times New Roman Star"GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face'face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:baG 3face="Times New Roman Star"xamax 1face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1



face="Times New Roman Star"xavaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 4face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'pitfall'face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore'face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'precipice'


face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'cleft'
face="Times New Roman Star"go"z qabag|y 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 161, Ëåêñèêà 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tu"j-, bu"rko"-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tu"j-. The form *Ka:pak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Ka:p 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[a:]p`a/), *Ka:p(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`a:p`a/). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Ka:p.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kadyn|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"birch treeface="Times New Roman Star"áåðåçà
face="Times New Roman Star"qad|yn| (MK), qajyn| (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kajyn 'beech tree'face="Times New Roman Star"qajynface="Times New Roman Star"qajyn (Houts.)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|jinface="Times New Roman Star"qejin
face="Times New Roman Star"Gajyn 'maple tree'face="Times New Roman Star"Gajyn|face="Times New Roman Star"xazyn|face="Times New Roman Star"qazyn|face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn|
face="Times New Roman Star"xorúnface="Times New Roman Star"xatyn|face="Times New Roman Star"katyn|face="Times New Roman Star"xadyn|face="Times New Roman Star"qadyn|face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn|face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn|face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn|face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn


face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn|

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 218, TMN 3, 183, ÝÑÒß 5, 214-215, Ëåêñèêà 122, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 366, Stachowski 141.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAl/uk / *KAlgakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 spoon 2 oar, shovelface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîæêà 2 âåñëî, ëîïàòêàface="Times New Roman Star"qas?uq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qas?uq, qas?yq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kas?yk 1, dial. kalak 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2 > Chuv.face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq (IM), qas?uq (Houts., AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|s?iq 1, qo|lo|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos?uq, dial. qas?uq 1, qalaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?yG 1face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1face="Times New Roman Star"xazyx 1, xalg|ax 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaz?yq 1, qalaq 2




face="Times New Roman Star"qah/ik 1, qalg|aq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qasyq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qasyq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qasyq 1, qalaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 225, 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 231-232, 353-354. Turk. > Russ. Siber. kas?i/k, see Àíèêèí 277.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to stay behind, remainface="Times New Roman Star"îñòàâàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Orkh., OUygh., Yenis.)face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Sangl., Qutb., Houts., AH, IM, MA, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|l-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gal-face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:l-face="Times New Roman Star"xal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-
face="Times New Roman Star"jol-face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l-face="Times New Roman Star"ka:l-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-

face="Times New Roman Star"qal-
face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 615-616, VEWT 224, ÝÑÒß 5, 226-227, Åãîðîâ 347, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 483, Stachowski 142.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)an|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 vehicle, cart 2 skis, sleighface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîâîçêà 2 ëûæè, ñàíèface="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kag|ny, dial. kanny, kangylly 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ly (Sangl., Houts., AH) 1




face="Times New Roman Star"xan|a: 1face="Times New Roman Star"qan|na 2




face="Times New Roman Star"xa:k 2face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ha 2 (ÔèË 91)







face="Times New Roman Star"g|an|ly 1
face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 3, 531, EDT 638, ÝÑÒß 5, 259-260, Ëåêñèêà 533.
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