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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to break, demolish 2 small 3 to scrape, shave face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ìàëåíüêèé 3 ñêðåñòè, áðèòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 'to scrape; to tear out' face="Times New Roman Star"kyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 (Pav. C. ), 1, 'to cut off' (Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qir- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 3, 'to cut' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265; EDT 643; TMN 3, 567, Ëåêñèêà 382, ÝÑÒß 6, 227-229, Stachowski 168, 170. The Yak. form kyra 'small' is a rather transparent semantical derivative, although it is not usually listed among the reflexes of PT *Kyr-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bur-uk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 dust 2 smoke 3 to curl (of smoke) 4 to choke (in smoke) 5 to blow (of a snow-storm) 6 to produce smoke puffs 7 soot face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïûëü 2 äûì 3 êëóáèòüñÿ (î äûìå) 4 çàäûõàòüñÿ (â äûìó) 5 ìåñòè (î âüþãå) 6 ïóñêàòü äûì êëóáàìè 7 ñàæà face="Times New Roman Star"buruq-sa- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"burux-t-un bolmaq 4 face="Times New Roman Star"buruG-sa- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"pyr 1, pyryn 7, pur-la- 3, purg|un-na- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"pyryn 7 face="Times New Roman Star"buruo (< *burug) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buruo 2 face="Times New Roman Star"buruq-su- 3, bur et- 3, bura-t- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 89, Stachowski 67. The stem interacts with the derivatives of *bur- 'to stink, smell' and *bur- 'to twist'- see ÝÑÒß 2, 268-271.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:m- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to throw, strike down 2 to move, walk face="Times New Roman Star"1 êèäàòü 2 äâèãàòüñÿ, õîäèòü face="Times New Roman Star"qam- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qam- 'to lower' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qam- 'to lower' (MN) face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|m- 'ìàõàòü, çàìàõèâàòüñÿ' face="Times New Roman Star"xa:mp- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ka:m- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, EDT 625; Stachowski 142. The connection of OT qam- and Yak. qa:mp- is rather problematic, but possible (we are not aware of other etymologies). For the Yak. word cf. perhaps Bur. xamby 'packtrain, caravan'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dil/i face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 female 2 woman face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñàìêà 2 æåíùèíà face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i (Abush. , Sangl. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tese 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"t@z@ 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tiz?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tiz?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyhy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyhy 2 face="Times New Roman Star"diz?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i, tis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 482, EDT 560-561, ÝÑÒß 3, 244-245, Ëåêñèêà 315, Stachowski 237.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:t face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 thigh 2 leg, foot face="Times New Roman Star"1 áåäðî 2 íîãà face="Times New Roman Star"but (OUygh.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"but (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bot 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but (Abush. , Sangl. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but 'groin' face="Times New Roman Star"put 2 face="Times New Roman Star"put 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bud 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bu:t 1 face="Times New Roman Star"put 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bu:t 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bu:t 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bu:t 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bot 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 face="Times New Roman Star"put 1 face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 90, EDT 297, ÝÑÒß 2, 280-281, Ëåêñèêà 282, Stachowski 67.
face="Times New Roman Star"*kel/c? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 belt 2 back, spine face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîÿñ, ðåìåíü 2 ñïèíà, õðåáåò face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kes? ? kis? (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kaz/an 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kes?ene 'girdle' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ÝÑÒß 5, 60-61. Sak. ka"s?a- 'belt' may be < Turkic (Bailey 56 expresses doubts as to the phonetic regularity of its derivation from Proto-Iran. *kas?a 'armpit'). The vowel may have been long - to judge from Turkm. ki:s?en 'chain' (which reflects a hybrid form between *kil/e-n 'fetters', q. v. sub *k`i\l/a , and *kel/c? 'belt').
face="Times New Roman Star"*torgaj face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 small bird 2 lark face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìàëåíüêàÿ ïòèöà 2 æàâîðîíîê face="Times New Roman Star"toryg|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"turumtaj 'a predatory bird used for hawking' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"turgaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"turg|aj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"torag|aj face="Times New Roman Star"torGaj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"pos-targ|aj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"túw|ri 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tuja:r 1 face="Times New Roman Star"torg|oj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 490, EDT 550, TMN 2, 482-3, Ëåêñèêà 176. Turk. > Kalm. torg|a": (KW 401).
face="Times New Roman Star"*uk- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to understand 2 to hear face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîíèìàòü 2 ñëûøàòü face="Times New Roman Star"uq- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ux- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- (IM , Qutb ) face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ug|uz 'knowing much' face="Times New Roman Star"ux- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dial. uq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ug|- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ug|yn- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"uq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511-12, EDT 77-8, ÝÑÒß 1, 584-585. Turk. > Hung. ok 'reason', see Gombocz 1912 .
face="Times New Roman Star"*ti-(ku") face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"that face="Times New Roman Star"òîò face="Times New Roman Star"tege face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) tigi (Bulgat), tik (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) s?u"-tki,s?u"tu"ki, bitiki 'âîò ýòîò' (Akhaltek.) face="Times New Roman Star"tege; i>-di 'so, thus' face="Times New Roman Star"i-ti 'this' face="Times New Roman Star"i-ti 'this' face="Times New Roman Star"do": face="Times New Roman Star"te: face="Times New Roman Star"tigi face="Times New Roman Star"tigi (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"tege face="Times New Roman Star"te bu 'this here', te o 'that there' face="Times New Roman Star"du"g|u", tu": face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 479, Ra"sa"nen 1957, 36, Êîòâè÷ 1962, 142, Stachowski 129.
face="Times New Roman Star"*de.rek face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 poplar 2 tree face="Times New Roman Star"1 òîïîëü 2 äåðåâî face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tirek (dial.) 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tire|k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 (Abush. , Sangl. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"terak 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dera"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"derek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tirek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tirek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tirex 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tira"k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"terak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 543, ÝÑÒß 3, 205-206, Ëåêñèêà 105, 134-135. Iranian origin is quite improbable.
face="Times New Roman Star"*T(i)a:na- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"nostril face="Times New Roman Star"íîçäðÿ face="Times New Roman Star"tanaw face="Times New Roman Star"tany: face="Times New Roman Star"tany: face="Times New Roman Star"tanaq face="Times New Roman Star"tanau 'nose' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 460, Ëåêñèêà 218. Because of late attestation borrowing from Mong. is not excluded; but it is not quite probable for phonetic reasons.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bar- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to walk, go (away) 2 to come, reach face="Times New Roman Star"1 õîäèòü, èäòè 2 ïðèõîäèòü, äîñòèãàòü face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"var- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"bo|r- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ba(r)- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"par- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"var- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"par- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"par- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"var- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"pyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"var- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"var-, ba:r-, pa:r- 1 (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"bar- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 62, ÝÑÒß 2, 64-65, EDT 354, Stachowski 52. Chuv. -y- is unclear.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEmu"r- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to gnaw face="Times New Roman Star"ãðûçòü, ãëîäàòü face="Times New Roman Star"kemu"r- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"gemir-, kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kimer- face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r- (Sangl. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemi(r)- face="Times New Roman Star"ga"mir- face="Times New Roman Star"gemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kim@r- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ru"o" 'spongy bone' face="Times New Roman Star"xemir- face="Times New Roman Star"xemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kimer- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- face="Times New Roman Star"gemir- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, EDT 723, ÝÑÒß 3, 18-19, Ëåêñèêà 262.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tom- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 round, convex 2 ball, smth. round 3 somersault 4 thick, bulging 5 to swell face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðóãëûé, âûïóêëûé 2 øàðèê, êîëüöî 3 êóâûðêîì 4 òîëñòûé, ïóõëûé 5 ïóõíóòü, âçäóâàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"tomak 2 face="Times New Roman Star"to.mto|q 'stump, blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"tombul 4, dombalaG 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tommaq 'knob, round end of stick', dommar- / tommar- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tomyr, tombyr 'blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"túw|mat 'stubby' face="Times New Roman Star"tomtorg|o 'ring-formed ornament' face="Times New Roman Star"tompoq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tompaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tompaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tomraj- (dial.) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tomalaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tombarlaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tomalaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dumalaq 1, tompaq 4, tompaj- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tombyx 'blunt' (Òåí.ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"tompaj- 5, tomaq 'blunt' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 487, ÝÑÒß 3, 261-262. Variants with *d- in Oghuz are most probably expressive (or reflect a secondary assimilation *dom-ba- < *tom-ba-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to snatch, take 2 to bite face="Times New Roman Star"1 áðàòü, õâàòàòü 2 êóñàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (AH , IM , Pav. C. , Qutb ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xyp- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qa'p- 'to grab with one's mouth; bite (of fish)' face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qab- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, EDT 580, ÝÑÒß 5, 264-265, TMN 3, 373-374.
face="Times New Roman Star"*gEr/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to walk, walk through face="Times New Roman Star"õîäèòü, ïðîõîäèòü ÷åðåç face="Times New Roman Star"kez- (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kez- (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"gez- face="Times New Roman Star"giz- face="Times New Roman Star"ke/z- (Sangl. , MA , Áîð. Áàä. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kez- face="Times New Roman Star"g/ka"z- face="Times New Roman Star"ga"z- face="Times New Roman Star"gez- face="Times New Roman Star"ka"z- face="Times New Roman Star"kes- face="Times New Roman Star"kez- face="Times New Roman Star"kez- face="Times New Roman Star"gid|- face="Times New Roman Star"[kezik 'î÷åðåäü'] face="Times New Roman Star"gez- face="Times New Roman Star"gez- face="Times New Roman Star"gez- face="Times New Roman Star"gez- (Kakuk ) face="Times New Roman Star"gez- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 260, EDT 757, ÝÑÒß 3, 10-11. Cf. also (with -r-) Yak. kerij- 'walk around'. The derived Turk. *ger/ik 'turn, order' ( < *'going through') > MMong. kes?ik (SH ), WMong. kesig 'wake, turn' (see TMN 1, 467-468, Clark 1980 , 40). The verb itself was also borrowed, cf. WMong. kesu"-, Khalkha, Bur. xese-, Dag. kese- 'to wander, roam'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:jnat face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 wing 2 fin face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûëî 2 ïëàâíèê face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (OUygh.- YB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (MK , KB ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Abush. , MA ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qano|t 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qejnat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ganad, ga"na"d (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2, qanar 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kynat, kyj yat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kynat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Kakuk ,ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 137, Ëåêñèêà 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial s/- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*dy:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 spirit, breath 2 rest 3 to rest 4 to pant 5 to breathe 6 quiet 7 sultriness face="Times New Roman Star"1 äûõàíèå, äóõ 2 îòäûõ 3 îòäûõàòü 4 çàäûõàòüñÿ 5 äûøàòü 6 ñïîêîéíûé 7 äóõîòà face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1 (MK , KB ), tyn 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, din-le- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn- 3 (Pav. C. , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tin- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tin- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tync?-yx- 4, dinc? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"dy:nc? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5, tyn-a-n- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5, tyn-a-n- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, 2, tyn- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tinc? 6 face="Times New Roman Star"c?@m 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ty:n 1, ty:n- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"ty:n 1, ty:n- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 3, 5 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys 1, tyn-s?-yq- 4, tyn-s?-a-j- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn-s-yw 7 face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tyn-c?-y- 'to rot, addle', tyn-c?-aj- 3, tyn-ym 2 face="Times New Roman Star"din-ne-n- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn- 5, tync 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys? 1, tyn-c?-aj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 478, EDT 512, ÝÑÒß 3, 341-345, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 38-39, Stachowski 238, 239. Some Oghuz reflexes have voiceless t-, probably because of Kypchak influence; still the reconstruction of *d- seems preferable.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Aj-na- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to chew 2 to bite face="Times New Roman Star"1 æåâàòü 2 êóñàòü face="Times New Roman Star"c?ig|ne-, c?ejne- 1 (R ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jne|- 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejna"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejne- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"dajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sa"jna"- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:ne- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"cajna-, c?ajna-, c?ejne- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene-, c?a"ina"- 1 (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Ðàñ. ÔèË 168. Forms with t- in some Siberian languages are rather enigmatic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kop face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"all face="Times New Roman Star"âåñü face="Times New Roman Star"qop (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qop (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 281, EDT 579.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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