face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 393, 406,408, 413, 418, VEWT 107, Лексика 39, Stachowski 106. The actual reflexes are best explained if we postulate an opposition *c?yj 'wet, raw' - *c?yj-yk 'dew, moisture' (with further contractions). Some forms, however, could be secondarily borrowed from Mong. (see Kal/. MEJ 34).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 breast (fem.) 2 female sheep 3 sheep tail 4 roasted sheep tail 5 roasted fat
face="Times New Roman Star"1 грудь (женская) 2 овцематка 3 курдюк 4 жареный курдюк 5 жареный жир
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yz?yq (R, Буд. - Kas.), c?yz|yq (R - Tob.) 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ic?ig| 2, 3 (R - Vam.), c?yc?yg|, c?yc?yq 4 (R - Zenker)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?@z?|@ 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110. An onomatopaeic root, attested late - but possibly archaic because of the external evidence. The assumed semantic development in Chag. and Tat. is 'udder' > 'roasted udder' > 'fat roasted piece of meat'.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 nail, peg 2 corner 3 penis 4 fir
face="Times New Roman Star"1 гвоздь, колышек, чека 2 угол 3 penis 4 хвойное дерево
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y/iv 2 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(c?iz?| 1 MK - a miswriting instead *c?iv?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"j 'wedge, cotter'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"a" 3 (R, by animals), c?iva" 'space between legs above the knees', c?ivila"n 'back saddlegirth' (fixed with a wooden peg)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iv 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?iis? 'wedge'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"so"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivi 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j, c?u"w, (K) c?ivij 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"j 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, 121, EDT 393-394, 396, Лексика 125, 398. Because of well known semantic correlations of the type 'penis': 'thorn': 'fir (needle)' it is tempting to compare also the name of the fir-tree: Tat. dial. (КСТТ) c?ivi, cyvy, Khak. syby, Shor s?u"be, Oyr. c?ibi (Tuba c?yby), Tuva s?ivi, Tof. s?ibi. However, the intermediate form meaning 'thorn' is not attested, and the medial consonant here is rather *-p- (unless we suppose interdialectal loans), so it may be unrelated.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"ke|, dial. (КСТТ) c?u"ka"
face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|ga
face="Times New Roman Star"so"ga"
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 121, Федотов 2, 152. A local Volga region word; cf. however Turkm. c?u"j balyk 'pike', lit. 'nail-fish' - which may be a reanalysis of the original root.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?g|a 1 (Sangl.), (OKypch.) c?oc?qa (Houts.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uz?|uq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?os?Ga 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:z?|uq 1 (cf. colloq. c?o:c?a 'camel')
face="Times New Roman Star"sosxa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qo 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"sosqa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?xa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oz?|uq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?oc?qa 3, c?oc?uq jatag|y 'afterbirth'; (T) c?oc?xa 'young boy (not a Karaim)', (H) cocka 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?os?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oc?qa 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, ЭСТЯ 4, 28, EDT 400. See Stachowski 1985 with an extensive list of material but with a strange conclusion that the word "onomatopoetischer Herkunft ist und somit durch Autogenese zustande kam".
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o.lo|q 'handless, lame', c?o.lto|q 4; 'bungler, unskilled person'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaG 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oltuq 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 'handless, lame'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oluq 'sensitive, huffish'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olu- 'to pull out, pick out', c?olz?|uj- 'become curved, warp', c?oloj- 'become short, limbless', c?oloq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 4, s?oltyj- 'to shorten'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 1; s?oltan|-la- 'to move aside angrily'
face="Times New Roman Star"sulaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq (K) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?olaq 1, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?olaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 419-420, VEWT 115, TMN 3, 89, Дыбо 152. Turk. > Mong. c?olaq (Щербак 1997, 113). The existing forms are derived from a verb *c?ol- 'become defective' (cf. the attested OUygh. c?ol- and forms like Kirgh. c?olu-).
face="Times New Roman Star"som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"m- 1, 4, c?omyjaq 'pannier made of birch bark'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ъw|m- 1 ( < Tat.?; c?ъm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Федотов 2, 401)
face="Times New Roman Star"som-us- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym-yn- (refl.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 1, s?omuq 'a small trough made of birch bark'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?omul-/c?o"mu"l- 1, 2, c?o"mu"- 1, c?o"mo"- 4, c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?omaqa , s?o"mis? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"sumy- 1, su"mes 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?o"m- 1, (T) c?om- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) c?omyc?, (T) c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- (c?o"m-) 1, 2 (ССЯ)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 4, c?omuc? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Егоров 319. Cf. also *c?amc?ak / -y- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *c?om-c?ak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. c?o"mel-, Az. c?o"ma"l-, Gag. c?o"mel-, Turkm. c?ommal-, Tat. c?u"ma"s?-, Kaz. s?o"mej-, KBalk. c?o"mel- ('trip over'; cf. also c?o"mel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *c?o"k-.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to peck 2 to delve, dig 3 to pick at 4 to stab 5 to pick (eyes) 6 pitfall, delve
face="Times New Roman Star"1 клевать 2 долбить, копать 3 ковырять 4 закалывать 5 выкалывать (глаза) 6 рытвина, углубление
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 4 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 'to rush at the prey (of a bird)' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oku- 1, c?ukur 6
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uqy- 1, c?oqy- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o/uqu- (Sangl., Pav. C. (5)); c?uqur 6 (Sangl.; starting with Old Kypch.); c?ux-la- 3 (MA 137)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.qi- 1, c?uqu-la- 2, 3, c?uqur 6
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uxur 6
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 1, c?uqanaq, c?uxur 6
face="Times New Roman Star"sox-la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1, c?uqu- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"suqy- 1, soqo- 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?uqur 6
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq- 'to sting', c?og|y- 1 (K), c?/сuqu/yr 6
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqy- 1, s?uqy- 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqu- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 114, 119, EDT 406. Kypchak languages suggest a distinction between *c?oky- 'to peck' and *c?uky- 'to dig, delve', absent elsewhere, and possibly a result of interdialectal loans.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|yn- 1 (Sag.- R 2, 2014)
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqta- 'to besprinkle idols with an exclmation s?oq!' R 4, 1024)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|yr- 2 (Lebed. R 3, 2014), c?oqto- 'to besprinkle idols with an exclamation c?oq!' (R 3, 2009)
face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъk 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqun- 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"suqyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?oqyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqun- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113-114, Егоров 328, Федотов 2, 426-427. Ra"sa"nen's attempt to explain the verb as "baptism through immersion" (linking Kypch. c?oqur 'pit' and Taranchi c?oqur- 'to sink' (R 3, 2007) appears unconvincing. The former word is derived from c?ok- 'to delve', and the latter should be corrected to c?o"ku"r- according to more modern sources. The semantic transfer of a pagan ceremony to the Christian one seems quite natural in an islamicized society. The same root may be represented by the exclamation (made during a libation), Oyr. c?oq!, Shor s?oq!, and further - the approbatory exclamation Kirgh. c?ok!, Kaz. s?oq! etc. Quite unlikely is the hypothesis of a loan from Hebrew (Y. Malov, quoted in Федотов). In fact, the meaning in Chuv. ('pledge') and the external parallels suggest that the religious component in the meaning of *c?ok- is relatively late (having evolved after the separation of Bulgars): 'pledge' > 'sacrifice' > 'praying' > 'baptizing'. Turk. > Hung. cso"k 'sacrifice', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybytqan, (dial. - Верб.) c?ibis?ke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/ъw|ban, s/ъw|van 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ivis?ki 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ibis?ki 2, 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?yjqan 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?yjqan, dial. s?uba 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sa"ba"rt- 'обметать губы', sebes?ke 'цыпки'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yban 1
face="Times New Roman Star"cyban, c?yban 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 106, EDT 396, TMN 3, 1151, Егоров 208, Федотов 2, 96. The Kaz. and Nogh. forms may be < Mong. (although they differ semantically).
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 118-119. Note however that most of the forms listed in VEWT actually reflect PT *c?opur (v. sub *s?op`e/), so the root *c?ubar appears to be very late and local.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"k (MK: Oghuz), c?eku"c? (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"kec?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"c?, c?o"ku"c? (Abush., Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o.kic? 'hack'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"kis?
face="Times New Roman Star"su"kes?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"gu"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"cokuc, cekic, c?o"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 415. (< Iran., see TMN 3, 85-86?). Despite EDT, hardly derived from c?ek- 'to pull'. The controversy concerning the Iranian origin of the Turkic word vs. the Turkic origin of the Modern Persian one (see Doerfer, Clauson), should be probably resolved as follows: Old Persian ( = Av. cakus?- 'axe / hammer for throwing') > Pers. c?akus? 'hammer'; but Pers. c?ekoc?, c?ekoz?| are phonetically aberrant (see Horn 99) and should be regarded as Turkisms; Pers. c?ekus? is a mixed form. The source of Pers. c?ekoc? is Turk. c?eku"c? - a diminutive in -c? for the form c?eku"k. Turkic forms in -s? (Khal. c?a"kkus?, Kirgh. c?o"ku"s?, KKalp. s?o"kkis?, possibly also Nogh. s?o"kis?, Bashk. su"kes?) may be iranisms. Turk. > Mong. c?eku"c? (see Щербак 1997, 112).
