| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"r/- / *bu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to wrinkle | face="Times New Roman Star"морщиться |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- (MK, KB), bu"z- (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- (dial.), bu"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"buris?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"(r)- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"z-, bu"ru"s?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-, bu"z- | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"s?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"s?- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 92, EDT 355, ЭСТЯ 2, 294-296 (contaminates with *bu"r- 'to cover'). Егоров 157, Федотов 1, 421. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"rc?e / *bu"rge | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"flea | face="Times New Roman Star"блоха |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge (MK, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"pire | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rc?e| | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge (MA, Pav. C., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"burga | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rga" |
| face="Times New Roman Star"pira" | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"re |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|rz/a |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rgo" | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge, bu"rs?e (dial.), burs?a (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rs?e | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rsa" | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rc?e | face="Times New Roman Star"pire | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rc?e | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rc?e | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 362, VEWT 92, ЭСТЯ 2, 298-299, Лексика 182-183. The Kypch. form *bu"rc?e is a diminutive. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu":ri | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"head of an arrow | face="Times New Roman Star"наконечник стрелы |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ri 'end of shaft inserted into arrow head' (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r-ges (dimin.) 'awl, arrow with awl-like head' | face="Times New Roman Star"bu":rges 'ein Kampfpfeil mit pfriemfo"rmiger Spitze' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 356, VEWT 71, Stachowski 69. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"ru"-, *bu"r-ke- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to cover up | face="Times New Roman Star"покрывать, закрывать |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"n- 'to be covered' (MK, KB), bu"rkek 'cloudy', bu"rku"r- 'to become cloudy' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"- (also of clouds), bu"rge, bu"rgu" 'kerchief, thin curtain' | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rke|- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- (MA, Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"burka- | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"(r)ka"- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"re- | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"rge- | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"rge- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|rke- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"j-; bu"rku"j- 'to become cloudy' | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"j-; bu"rku"k 'cloudy' | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rge- (also of clouds) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rhu"- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rko"- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rka"-n- 'to be covered', bo"rko"u" 'stifling' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru"- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rke- (also of clouds) | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 363, 367, ДТС 133, VEWT 92, ЭСТЯ 2, 296-298, Stachowski 68. The form in -ke- is an intensive and can hardly be regarded as a mongolism. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to believe 2 sign, token | face="Times New Roman Star"1 верить 2 знак |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1 (MK, KB) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1 (Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 1 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bit 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, EDT 298-299 (together with bu"t- 'finish'), ЭСТЯ 2, 279-280. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to end, accomplish 2 to be ended 3 to create, build 4 to heal 5 to grow, ripen | face="Times New Roman Star"1 кончать, завершать 2 кончаться 3 создавать, строить 4 заживать 5 вырастать, вызревать | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bet- 2, bet-e|s?- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"pyt-, put- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"d-u"r- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|t- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"t- 2, bo"t-o"s?- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5; 'to close' | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"pit- 2, 4, 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, TMN 2, 267, EDT 298-9, 306, ЭСТЯ 2, 152-154, 302-303, Stachowski 68. Cf. also PT *bu"tu"n 'all, whole' - a derivative from *bu"t-. Turk. > Mong. *bu"te-, *bu"tu"- (KW 69-70, TMN 2, 268-269, Щербак 1997, 111). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to heal (of a wound) | face="Times New Roman Star"заживать (о ране) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bet-a"s?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bit-; bitik 'scar, cicatrice' | face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- | face="Times New Roman Star"bit- | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"t-o"s?- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pit- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 299 (sub *bu"t- 'finish'), ЭСТЯ 2, 154-155. Cf. also Chuv. pytc?a 'гнойный лишай'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"teke | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bird's crop, craw 2 kidneys of animals 3 vulva 4 bird's stomach | face="Times New Roman Star"1 зоб птицы 2 почки животных 3 vulva 4 желудок у птиц |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"tege 1 (OKypch., At-Tuhfat) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ta"ka" 1, bo"teg 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pa"ta"na"k 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"peteke 1 (perhaps a back-borrowing < Mong.?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pudege 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"to"go" 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"to"g/ko" 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ta"ka" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"teke, bo"tege 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ta"ga" 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"teke 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"teke 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 304 (sub 'egg-plant'), Ашм. X, 44, VEWT 84. Turk. > Mong. betege 'bird's crop'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to join, intertwine, adhere 2 to wind, weave | face="Times New Roman Star"1 присоединяться, переплетаться, примыкать 2 плести, ткать |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"tu"s?- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ter- 'крутить, свертывать' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|d@w|r- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bitis- 'мириться' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"to"rgo"s 'деталь ткацкого станка' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 309-310. Федотов 1, 427 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ad(b)an | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"scorpion | face="Times New Roman Star"скорпион |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ad|an (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, c?yjan 'сколопендра' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, (R, Буд. - Kas.) c?ejban 'millipede' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan, c?yjan (Abush., Sangl.), c?iban (R - Calc. Wb., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aja:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan | face="Times New Roman Star"sajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 94, EDT 403, Лексика 64, 184-185. Turk. > Kalm. caj@ `crayfish' (?), see Щербак 1997, 111. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade | face="Times New Roman Star"1 сбивать, ударять, бить, взбалтывать 2 точить 3 убивать, закалывать 4 косить 5 коса 6 жалить, закалывать 7 подметать 8 изрубить, отрубить 9 вид метлы, веник-голик 10 точить 11 оселок 12 покос 13 дать подножку 14 острие, лезвие | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?algy 9, c?algy orag|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|i u.ro|q 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|a 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al(y)- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6, 7, c?alg|y 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 10, 7, 6, c?alGy 5, 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol- 4, s/olъk 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyn- 'to fall abruptly' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aly- 10 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5, c?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 4, s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alqy 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alym 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 1, 4, calqy, calg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 4, c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Егоров 206, Федотов 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *c?a:l- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *c?al- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?A:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"grey, grey-headed | face="Times New Roman Star"серый, седой |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 'grey hair' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 'having grey hair amid black hair' (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|l 'old man' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:l | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyr 'light-bay (horse); pepper-and-salt (hair)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al 'old man' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 417, VEWT 96, TMN 2, 31, Аникин 640. Turk. > WMong. c?al, Kalm. cal, Khalkha cal bu:ral 'grey-haired, roan'; Russ. чалый. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 noisy, talkative man 2 blasphemy | face="Times New Roman Star"1 болтун, болтовня 2 богохульство | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o/ulvu (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan| 1 (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 418, 420. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a backbiting man 2 to exact a fine 3 claim 4 reproach 5 to be offended 6 to be angry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 клеветник 2 штрафовать 3 претензия, рекламация (юрид.) 4 упрек 5 обижаться 6 сердиться | face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?amg|uq 1 (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?An| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 morning dawn 2 mist | face="Times New Roman Star"1 утренняя заря 2 туман, мгла |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?an| ( ? c?a"n|) (ЛОК) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?en 2 (dial.) (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?an| 2 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"n, dial. c?an| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"san|marax 'марево' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s/an-/s/avъn-talъk 'weather, climate' (Федотов 2 84-85; the second part = Tat. ta"wlek 'day, 24 hours') |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?an|daq 'glow in the sky (from celestial phenomena or from fire)', dial. san|g|a"rt 'марево' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ДТС 139, Лексика 35, 36. A somewhat dubious root. The words meaning 'mist' may go back to a separate root, PT *c?en| 'dust'. Other forms (including the late OT one) can be < Mong., but semantics is rather against assuming such a loan. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to attack, rob 3 chisel 4 hack, hoe, hatchet 5 to chop 6 to scythe, mow 7 to dig 8 to break 9 sharp 10 scythe 11 to whet, sharpen (a scythe) 12 metal shavings after forging 13 trap 14 whetstone for sharpening scythes 15 to whip 16 to hack, adze 17 shavings 18 booty 19 currycomb | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 нападать, грабить 3 резец 4 мотыга, тяпка, сечка 5 рубить 6 косить 7 копать (кетменем) 8 разламывать 9 острый 10 коса 11 точить (косу) 12 обсечки металла при ковке 13 капкан 14 брусок для точки кос 15 хлестать 16 тесать 17 стружка 18 добыча, трофей 19 скребница |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2, c?apla 3, c?apa 4, c?apak 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 6, 1, c?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|p- 5, 7, c?o|pqi 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqu 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p- 1, 5, 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2, c?apGy 4, c?apGyr 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1, 5, 6, saxpy, sapxy 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 6, s?apqy 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqy 10, 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/up- 1, 11, s/opkas/ 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"saba:- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 2, s?ap-ta- 15 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-ty 17, s?apty-la- 16 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 7, 1, c?apqy 4, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap/b- 6, 5, 1, sapqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ab- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apanaq 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"cap- 1; c?ap- 1, 5, c?apa 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-, c?a'- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, c?apg|y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Егоров 203, 219, Федотов 2, 85, 137-8, Ашм. XII, 247-249. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to plaster 2 eye pus 3 to puncture (a tumour, furuncle) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 мазать, залеплять, обмазывать 2 глазной гной 3 прокалывать (опухоль, нарыв) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apak 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?api- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-li- 1, c?apaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s/op- 'заворачивать пирог' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 'to pour water and stamp (ground)'(?) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-ta- 1, c?abaq-ta- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-ta- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?abaq-s?a-la- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(aq) c?ap- 'to blanch, pipeclay' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Ашм. XII, 248. Turk. > Hung. csipa 'eye pus' (<*c?apag|), see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of cloak 2 lap, skirt 3 used clothing 4 bedding under the saddle 5 woman's gown 6 gown 7 gusset (in clothes) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 род плаща 2 подол, фалда 3 старая, потертая одежда 4 подстилка под седло, чепрак 5 женский халат 6 халат 7 клин (в одежде) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apg|ut 'a padded garment' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aput 3, c?aprak 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1, c?apraq 4, c?abu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 (R; Pav. C. jamag|lyg| c?apan 'mended cloak'), c?abuq 2 (Pav. C.), (OKypch.) c?apg|ut 3 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|po|n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyt 5, c?apan 6, c?apy 'ornamental trimming for clothes' lap' | face="Times New Roman Star"sabyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyr 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abug| 'trimmed section on a woman's tunic' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?avyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu: 7; c?apan 6, c?apan-c?apqyt 'upper clothes', c?opqut 'quilted coat under armour; expensive costume' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abu 2, s?apan 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 'gusset-like front part of gown's laps' | face="Times New Roman Star"sapan 6, sabyw 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apraq 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 7, s?apan 6, s?obyt 'used things', s?opqyt 'rags' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyw 7, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 396, TMN 3, 47, Аникин 643. Several derivations are clearly distinguishable: a) *c?ap-gut 'upper clothes, garment' (with later development > 'used clothes'); b) *c?ap-rak 'bedding under the saddle'; c) *c?ap-an 'cloak, gown'; d) *c?ap-gu 'lap, gusset' - all clearly related to each other. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ia:k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 time, measure 2 precisely, exactly | face="Times New Roman Star"1 время, пора 2 точно, впору | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 (late OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) c?aq 'when (conj.)' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|q 1, c?o|qum 'certainly' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:G 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 1, sag|a 'about (the time when, the size of)' | face="Times New Roman Star"haga 'about (the time when, the size of)'; sagyna 'while' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, s?aq-ly 'this much' | face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, c?aq-ly 'this much' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:q, c?aq 'up to' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| (K), caq (H) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Егоров 327, Лексика 67, EDT 404, ДТС 139, Федотов 2, 425, Stachowski 92-93, 208. Forms like Chag. c?ag|, Uygh. c?ag| or Tof. s?ag| 'time' are borrowed < Mong., but this cannot be assumed for most other forms quoted above. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)ak- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to strike fire 2 flint, fire steel | face="Times New Roman Star"1 высекать огонь 2 кремень, огниво | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ak- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (Sangl.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq-tas? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ax- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yn 'spark' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aqpa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|-/saq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|-/c?aq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 'to pull the trigger', c?aqma 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. c?akma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *c?ak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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