| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*o"t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sing (of birds) 2 to say 3 to ask, request | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåòü (î ïòèöàõ) 2 ñêàçàòü, ãîâîðèòü 3 ïðîñèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1 (OUygh.), o"tu"n- 3 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1, o"tu"n- 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"ten- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"t- 2 (Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"n- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"avút- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"et- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"et- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"e't- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"e't- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"edi- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 52, ÝÑÒß 1, 556, 557-558, EDT 39, 62, Åãîðîâ 21, Stachowski 48. The Chuv. form is somewhat aberrant phonetically: it is possible that the actual Chuv. reflex of this root is vit@n- `to ask' - while Chuv. avút- (together with avtan, atan `cock', Tat. a"ta"c? `cock') goes back to a separate PT root *ebt-, possibly going back to PA *ip`i (?-p-,-e) `to say, speak' q. v. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ic? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 interior of smth. 2 intestines 3 belly | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âíóòðåííîñòü 2 êèøêè 3 æèâîò | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, ic?egu" 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ec? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 (Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"hiz?|igy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1, ic?ege 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"isker 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1, ic?ga"r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ús? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"i'z?in 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"i's?ti 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1, ic?egi 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"is? 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ic? 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?i 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 168, EDT 17, 25, ÝÑÒß 1, 388-391, 392-393, Stachowski 128-129. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*don| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 cold 2 frost 3 frozen 4 freeze, be frozen | face="Times New Roman Star"1 õîëîäíûé 2 ìîðîç 3 çàìåðçøèé 4 çàìåðçàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ton| 2, 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"don 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tun| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4 (Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4, ton| 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tot 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"don 2, don- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"don| 3, don|- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"to:-r- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"túw|m 2 'frost' | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4, ton| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|- 4, ton| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"don| 3, don|- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"don| 3, don|- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ton| 2, ton|- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 488, EDT 513, 515, ÝÑÒß 3, 265-267, Ëåêñèêà 17, Stachowski 226. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.lan|uk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"person | face="Times New Roman Star"÷åëîâåê | face="Times New Roman Star"jalan|uq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jaln|uq (MK, KB) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s/yn(ú) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 182, EDT 930. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*uja | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"nest | face="Times New Roman Star"ãíåçäî | face="Times New Roman Star"uja (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uja (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"juwa | face="Times New Roman Star"oja | face="Times New Roman Star"juwa, uja (AH, Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"uwa, uga | face="Times New Roman Star"uja, oja 'egg' | face="Times New Roman Star"juwa |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uja |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uja |
| face="Times New Roman Star"júw|va | face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"oja |
| face="Times New Roman Star"juwa | face="Times New Roman Star"juwa, uja | face="Times New Roman Star"uja |
| face="Times New Roman Star"uja | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 511, EDT 267, ÝÑÒß 4, 239, Åãîðîâ 73, Stachowski 242. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sal- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to put, throw 2 to drop, lower 3 tax 4 heavy | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êëàñòü, êèäàòü 2 îïóñêàòü 3 íàëîã 4 òÿæåëûé | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1,2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1, salgyn 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1, sal-ym 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|l- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa(l)- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1, salyg| 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1, salym 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sol- 1, solúm 'heaviness' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"hal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 397, EDT 824, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 57, ÝÑÒß 7. Several derivatives with a velar suffix are used in Turk. for denoting downward motion or hanging: cf. OT salyg| 'taxes', Kirgh. salyq 'taxes; hanging down, limp'; SUygh. salyg| 'heavy'; Tur. salky 'weak, lax', Kirgh. salqy, Uzb. so|lqi- 'be loose, hang down' (see TMN 3, 265-266, ÝÑÒß 7). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a.n- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"that (obl.cases) 2 here, look (part.) | face="Times New Roman Star"òîò (îñíîâà êîñâ. ïàäåæåé) 2 âîò, òóò | face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), an|-ar (dat.) (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), on|-a (dat.) (MK, KB) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.), an-ar (dat.) (Mish.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.) (Babur) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"a (nom.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ana 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-g|aa (dat.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), o-(g|)o (dat.) | face="Times New Roman Star"a"/ra" 'that side' (vocalism under influence of ba"/ra" 'this side') | face="Times New Roman Star"on-da (loc.), úw|n-a (dat.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ana-ra: 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.) | face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta, an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.) | face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-g|a (dat.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an-ar (dat.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"an-dy (loc.), an|-a (dat.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 19, EDT 165, ÝÑÒß 1, 147-150, 157. In OT and most modern languages the root a(n)- acts as an oblique stem for ol 'that' (as well as a deriving stem for pronominal adverbs). Only in SUygh. a- is the direct stem. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to kneel down 2 to sink 3 to sit | face="Times New Roman Star"1 îïóñêàòüñÿ íà êîëåíè 2 îñåäàòü, òîíóòü 3 ïðèñåñòü, ñåñòü íà êîðòî÷êè | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"k- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.k- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?oGe- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"k- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"go"-do"- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/úk- 'to fall', s/úw|g-úw|n- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"gu"ru"j- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"k/g- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"k/g- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"su"k/g- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k/g- 1, 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k- 1, 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k-, cok- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"k/g- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k-, c?o"x- 1 (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"k/g- 1, 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 117, TMN 3, 120-122, EDT 413-4, Åãîðîâ 205, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 90-91. Turk. > WMong. c?o"ku"(le)-, Kalm. c?o"kl- (KW 444; TMN 2, 121, Ùåðáàê 1997, 113). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ta.m- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to burn (tr.) 2 to kindle 3 to become excited | face="Times New Roman Star"1 æå÷ü 2 çàæèãàòü 3 âîçáóæäàòüñÿ 4 çàãîðàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"tam- 4, tamdur- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tamd|ur- 2 (MK) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tamyz- 2 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tamet- 2 (Lobn.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tam- 4, tam-dyr- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tam-yl- 4, tamys- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tymyt- 3, tym-tyk 'ëó÷èíà' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tam- 4, tamyz- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tamyz- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tamyz- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tamyz- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 459b, EDT 504, Ëåêñèêà 363. Clauson thinks the root is < Chin., but this is highly improbable. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ulug | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 big 2 great 3 grown-up, great | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áîëüøîé 2 âåëèêèé 3 âçðîñëûé, êðóïíûé | face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ulu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"lke|n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ulug|, uluq 1 (Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ulu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"uly 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ulaxan, ulu: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ulakan, ulu: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"uluu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ulken 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"jken 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"lka"n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ullu 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"u"lken 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 513, 520, TMN 2, 117-118, EDT 136, ÝÑÒß 1, 593-594, 630, Stachowski 242, 243. Turkic languages reveal two variants (*ulug and *u"lken, the latter being represented only in modern languages), probably interrelated. Despite Bang TB X and TMN 2, 118 it is hard to see any relationship between *ulug (hardly *ullug: some modern forms must have secondary gemination here) and *ul 'foundation'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.b- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark 2 shell 3 husk 4 bran | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ñêîðëóïà 3 øåëóõà 4 îòðóáè, ìÿêèíà | face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq 4 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq, qavuq (MK, KB) 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"kavuz 3, kavza 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vuz 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qovzaq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gavyz (dial.) 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xo:x 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo:q 3, 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xyvúx 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xo:-tara: 'a k. of millet with sagging panicles' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quvyq 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, EDT 583, ÝÑÒß 5, 173-174, 178-179, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 62. The root should be distinguished from *K(i)ab- 'peeled skin, peel' (v. sub *k`i_a:\bu). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"n/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to burn (itr.) 2 to burn (tr.) 3 to kindle 4 to get burnt 5 soot 6 strong smell of burnt 7 unpleasant smell | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîðåòü 2 æå÷ü 3 çàæèãàòü 4 îáãîðàòü 5 ñàæà 6 ñèëüíûé çàïàõ ãîðåëîãî 7 íåïðèÿòíûé çàïàõ | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n- (Argu MK), ko"j- 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) ko"j-, ku"j- 1; ku"je 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1 (Abush., MA, Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuj- 1, kuja 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j-, ku"j- 1, ko"jdu"r- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1, ku"jo" (dial.) 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1, ko"je 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ko": 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"kie_n- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku", k@w|v 6 (Àøì.), k@w|s/ek 7; kúw|vajt 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xo": 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"xo": 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ko": 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ku"je 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ku"je 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ku"je 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gu"j- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 309, EDT 726, 730, ÝÑÒß 5, 88-89, 133, Ëåêñèêà 362, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 75. The Az. form is somewhat dubious, both semantically ("itch") and phonetically (irregular voiced g-). See also *ko"n/- 'to grieve, suffer'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*je:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 mane 2 feather | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðèâà 2 ïåðî | face="Times New Roman Star"jel 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jel 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jele 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|el/y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"la"la"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jelek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ilen 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ja"la":k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ilg|e 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"siel 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?el 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?el 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jela" 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"lelek 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, TMN 4, 188-189, EDT 916, ÝÑÒß 4, 85-86 (confused with *ja:l, v. sub *da:/lV), Ëåêñèêà 147, 566. The Oghuz name of 'feather' (jelek / lelek, see ÝÑÒß 4, 179) is probably derived from this root; perhaps also *jel-ke 'back of head (including the neck)', see VEWT 196, ÝÑÒß 4, 181. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*s(i)ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hair (of head) 2 hair 3 hair (on back of head) 4 root | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âîëîñ (ãîëîâû) 2 âîëîñ 3 âîëîñ (íà çàòûëêå) 4 êîðåíü | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saz?|, sac? 1 (Pav. C., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sas 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"s/ 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"as 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"as 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1; sac?yx| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391, EDT 794, Ëåêñèêà 197, ÝÑÒß 7, Stachowski 38. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jogan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"thick | face="Times New Roman Star"òîëñòûé | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|an (Orkh.), jog|un (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|un (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|un | face="Times New Roman Star"juvan | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|an (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo.g|o|n | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|an 'big' | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|yn, jog|un | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|un | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|y:n | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"jo:n, d/o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"jog|un |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"n/o:n | face="Times New Roman Star"z?|o:n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"juvan | face="Times New Roman Star"jywan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 205, EDT 904, ÝÑÒß 4, 208-209. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jan-, *jan-tyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to burn (itr.), blaze up 2 to burn (tr.) 3 to kindle 4 to shine | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîðåòü, çàãîðàòüñÿ 2 æå÷ü 3 çàæèãàòü 4 ñâåòèòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1, jandyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"jo|n- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1, jandyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s/on- 1, s/ondar- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"san-da:r- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?an- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1, jandyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?an- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"z?an- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jan- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 942, 947-948, ÝÑÒß 4, 112, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 136, Ëåêñèêà 362. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Aty | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"(junior) nephew, grandson | face="Times New Roman Star"(ìëàäøèé) ïëåìÿííèê, âíóê | face="Times New Roman Star"aty (Orkh.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Lobn. ataj-ym 'oh, my child!' | face="Times New Roman Star"aty |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"adaj 'dog' ( < *'cub') |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31, EDT 40, ÝÑÒß 1, 79. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Karak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 eye-ball 2 eye 3 a gentle address ("my dear") | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çðà÷îê 2 ãëàç 3 ëàñêîâîå îáðàùåíèå | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z karasy 1, Osm. (XV) qaraq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq (Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä., Sangl.) 1, (Abush.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|c?iq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar(i)c?uq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"z Garasy 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Garaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2, dial. xarac?y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kos/ xori 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"karak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, dial. qareq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaras?yq 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235-236, TMN 3, 434-436, EDT 652, ÝÑÒß 5, 295-296, Àøì. VII, 36, Ëåêñèêà 210, Stachowski 138. Deriving *Karak from *Kara 'black' (see also TMN 1, 401) is highly dubious both for semantic and morphological reasons; forms like Tur. go"z karasy result from secondary reanalysis. Cf. also the forms *Kara-la- 'to stare' (Az. qarala-, Uygh. qarala-, see ÝÑÒß 5, 289), *Karaj- 'to watch, preserve' (Yak. xaraj-, Dolg. karaj-; Yak. xarys 'care, wariness', Dolg. karysta:- 'to care, beware', see Stachowski 138, 140) - which, in contrast to qara- 'look' ( < Mong.) are unlikely to be borrowed. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bud 2 leaf 3 grain | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïî÷êà 2 ëèñò 3 çåðíî | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r 1 (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rc?u"k 1, bu"rtu"k 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ro" 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pu"r 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|rz?|e 'grain, particle' | face="Times New Roman Star"burduk 'flour' | face="Times New Roman Star"burduk 'flour' | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ru" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"r 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rtik 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ro" 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rtu"k 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rtu"k 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rtik 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rtu"k 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 92, EDT 354, Ëåêñèêà 114-115, Stachowski 67. Turk. > WMong. bu"r, Kalm. bu"r (KW 67). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*eb | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"house | face="Times New Roman Star"äîì | face="Times New Roman Star"eb (Orkh.), ev (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ev (MK), o"v (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ev | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j (Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä.) | face="Times New Roman Star"uj | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j | face="Times New Roman Star"ju" | face="Times New Roman Star"ev | face="Times New Roman Star"o"j | face="Times New Roman Star"ib | face="Times New Roman Star"em, (Kond.) u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"ha"`v | face="Times New Roman Star"av-la-n- 'to marry' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"g | face="Times New Roman Star"o"g| | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"jev | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"u"j |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u"j | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 34, EDT 3-4, ÝÑÒß 1, 287-288, 513-514, Åãîðîâ 21, Ëåêñèêà 500. The word for 'woman' in some languages goes back to PT *eb-c?i ("housewife"), see EDT 6; borrowed in Mong. as ebsi 'female of a big bear', see Clark 1980, 43). |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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