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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to cut aslant, make notches 2 to cut in small piecesface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðåçàòü íàèñêîñîê, äåëàòü çàðóáêè 2 ðåçàòü íà ìåëêèå êóñî÷êè
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- (AH, Ettuhf.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qij- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 1face="Times New Roman Star"xyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xújú chip, sliverface="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 'walk around'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 261, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-200. Turk. *kyjgac? > Kalm. ki:g|@s (KW 234). The meaning of the Orkh. hapax qyd- (see EDT 595) is quite insecure and cannot serve as a basis for reconstructing *Kyd-; all other forms (including qyj- 'to cut aslant' and qyj-ma 'cut meat' in MK) point unambiguously to *Kyj-, see ÝÑÒß 6, 200, 202-203. There exist also common Turkic derivatives *Kyj-yr and *Kyj-yk 'oblique, bent'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:ta-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to cut branches 2 branch 3 nailface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñðåçàòü âåòâè 2 âåòâü 3 ãâîçäüface="Times New Roman Star"butyq 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"butyq, butaq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budak 2face="Times New Roman Star"bota- 1, botaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1 (Pav. C.), (MKypch.) buda- 1 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, buto|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"puta- 1, putaq
face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaG 2face="Times New Roman Star"pu:da- 1, pu:daq 2face="Times New Roman Star"pydyra- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"(buta 'bush' - a backloan from Pers.?)face="Times New Roman Star"púw|da 3face="Times New Roman Star"byta:- 1, butuk 2 (Ïåê.); muta:- 1, mutuk 2face="Times New Roman Star"mutuk 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu'duq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butanaq 2 (buta 'bush' < Iran.)face="Times New Roman Star"byta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"bota- 1, botaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"puta- 1, putaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"pu/u:tax 2 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 301, 302, VEWT 90, TMN 2, 330, Ëåêñèêà 103, Stachowski 183. Turk. > WMong. butaq 'branch' (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 111) (but Mong. buta can be hardly explained as a loan).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ert-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to cut (off edges), make notches 2 to click 3 to pinch 4 to pinch (a musical instrument)face="Times New Roman Star"1 îáðåçàòü (êðàÿ), äåëàòü çàðóáêè 2 ùåëêàòü 3 ùèïàòü 4 èãðàòü íà ùèïêîâîì èíñòðóìåíòå
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 1 (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?irt- 2, 3, c?a"rda"k-la"- 'to hew'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 2, 4

face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"rt- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?irt- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"sirte- 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?irte- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?irt- 2face="Times New Roman Star"s/art 'a dent for inserting bottom into banded vessels'



face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"s?ert- 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"s?ert- 2, 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"sirt- 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 'to mark'

face="Times New Roman Star"s?ert- 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ert- 1, 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 428, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 87-88. The semantic development here is 'to make notches, indents' > 'break the edge', 'pinch' (whence 'to click with fingers') - not onomatopoetic, as suggested by Clauson.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"di-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dance 2 to jib 3 danceface="Times New Roman Star"1 òàíöåâàòü 2 òîïòàòüñÿ 3 òàíåöface="Times New Roman Star"bu"di- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"bu"d|i- (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bej- 1







face="Times New Roman Star"pije-le- 1 (ÃÀß)

face="Times New Roman Star"bitij- 1, 2, biti: 'òàíåö'


face="Times New Roman Star"bij 3, bij-le- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bij 3, bij-le- 1, bu"ji-1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"biji-face="Times New Roman Star"beje- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"bij 3
face="Times New Roman Star"bij 3, biji- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 300, VEWT 91, ÝÑÒß 2, 131-132 (the word has been contaminated with another root, reflected in Mong. bo"z?|i- (KW 54) [despite Ùåðáàê 1997, 111, hardly borrowed from Turk.] - see PA *pe:\z?|o.
face="Times New Roman Star"{*Kok-}face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to decrease, diminish 2 deficient, emptyface="Times New Roman Star"1 óìåíüøàòüñÿ 2 íåäîñòàòî÷íûé, ïóñòîéface="Times New Roman Star"qoq- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoq- 1, qoquz 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kokuz 2face="Times New Roman Star"qug|yz 2 (dial.)




face="Times New Roman Star"Govuz 2face="Times New Roman Star"xox- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qoq- 1















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 609, 614, ÝÑÒß 6, 35-36.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ek-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to decrease, be insufficient 2 common, ordinary, low class; fault, faultyface="Times New Roman Star"1 óìåíüøàòüñÿ, áûòü íåäîñòàòî÷íûì 2 îáû÷íûé, íèçêîðîäíûé; íåäîñòàòîê, íåäîñòàòî÷íûéface="Times New Roman Star"egsu"- 1, egil 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"egsu"- 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eksi-, eksil- 1, eksik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"eksu"- 1 (Abush.), o"ksu"-, o"ksu"l- 1 (Pav. C.), o"ksu"k 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"gsu"- 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"skik 2face="Times New Roman Star"egis-, egsil- 1, egsik 2



face="Times New Roman Star"iks@l- 1, j@ksek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"o"ksu"- 1, o"ksu"k 2



face="Times New Roman Star"jisil- 1face="Times New Roman Star"eksil- 1, eksik 2


face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 257-258, Åãîðîâ 77, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 199; EDT 106, 117. The Chuv. Anlaut is not quite clear (iks@l- < *j@ks@l-?; one of the cases with prothetic j-, so the openness / closedness of the vowel in PT remains unknown); Ôåäîòîâ 1, 193 derives Chuv. j@ksik from PT *jek (v. sub *l/a:\k`e\), but this is phonetically impossible.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAsa-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to determine, govern 2 to createface="Times New Roman Star"1 îïðåäåëÿòü, óïðàâëÿòü 2 ñîçäàâàòü

face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 1face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 1 (Ettuhf., Pav. C., Abush.) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?aza- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?aza- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jaza-, d/aza- 1, 2



face="Times New Roman Star"c?aza- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|asa- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?asa- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jaha- 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?asa- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jasa- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 191, ÝÑÒß 4, 150-152. The verb has been also read in the Ku"l-Tegin inscription (8th c.), but Clauson (EDT 974) contests the reading. Turk. > Mong. z?|asa- id. (KW 468), whence Evk. z?|asa- etc., see Doerfer MT 61; TMN 4, 92-96, EDT and Ùåðáàê 1997, 204, however, regard the Turkic forms as Mongolisms).
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to die 2 (*o"l-tu"r-) to killface="Times New Roman Star"1 óìèðàòü 2 (*o"l-tu"r-) óáèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (Yen., OUygh.), o"lu"r- 2 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (MK, KB), o"ldu"r- 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"ter- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1 (Sangl.), o"lu"r- 2 (Abush.), o"ltu"r- 2 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"u.l-, u.ldir- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ju"l- 1, ju"lyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"der- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"du"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"hil-/he.l-, o"l- 'to die (of animals)' ( < Az.)face="Times New Roman Star"vil- 1, v@w|ler- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lo"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lo"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"lti_r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltir- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"lter- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jo"l- 1, o"ldu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ol/- 1, ol/der- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltir- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"l- 1, u"ldyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"l- 1, o"ltu"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 371; ÝÑÒß 1, 525-527, TMN 2, 112, 162-3; EDT 125-126, 133-134, 151, Stachowski 199.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:l/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to tear, rip open 3 to row 4 to swim 5 to throw awayface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ðâàòü 3 ãðåñòè 4 ïëàâàòü 5 âûêèäûâàòü

face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"is?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1 (Abush.)


face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ijs?-gek `oar'face="Times New Roman Star"is- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"ha"s?u"-face="Times New Roman Star"alt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"es-, is- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"es?ti- 4, es?- 3face="Times New Roman Star"es?-, e'hit- 3face="Times New Roman Star"es?- 1








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 51, EDT 255-6, ÝÑÒß 1, 315-316, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 95. Chuv. is?- 'to row; to swim; to demolish, tear' is evidently borrowed from Tat. (as opposed to the genuine al-t- ). Khal. h- is unclear here (external evidence clearly points to *0-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to scrape, scratch 3 planeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ñêðåñòè, öàðàïàòü 3 ðóáàíîêface="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (KB), qazy- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kaz- 1,2, kazy- 2, kazag|y 3face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (AH, Houts., MA, IM, Pav. C.) 1, (Pav. C.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1, qazi- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1,2, Gazy- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1, Gaza- 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. xas- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 2face="Times New Roman Star"xas- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qad|y- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 185-186, Ìóäðàê 103, Stachowski 140. Chuv. -y- is not quite clear here.
face="Times New Roman Star"*or-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 hole, pit 3 to tear out, drag outface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 äûðà, ÿìà 3 âûðûâàòü, âûòàñêèâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"oru 2 (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"or- 1, or 2



face="Times New Roman Star"var 2face="Times New Roman Star"oro:- 3face="Times New Roman Star"oro:- 3











face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 466-468, TMN 2, 144, Stachowski 196. Turk. > Kalm. ur 'hole, pit'. The Chuv. form may point to a variant *o:r (?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"n|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig, delve 2 hole, caveface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü, ïðîêîâûðèâàòü 2 ïåùåðà, íîðàface="Times New Roman Star"u"n|u"r 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|- 1, u"n|u"r 2 (MK)


face="Times New Roman Star"un|ur 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|gu"r 2









face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|g|u"r 2
face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|u"- 1, u"n|ku"r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"u">n|gi- 1, u"n|gi>r 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|gi- 1face="Times New Roman Star"u">n|u">- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"u"n|gi- 1, u"n|gir 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 169, 188-189, ÝÑÒß 1, 634, VEWT 521. Turk. *u"n|u"r > Mong. u"n|gu"r (Ùåðáàê 1997, 162).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kor(a)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to diminish , decrease 2 harm, lossface="Times New Roman Star"1 óìåíüøàòüñÿ, óáûâàòü 2 âðåä, óáûòîêface="Times New Roman Star"qora- 1, qor 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qora- 1, qor 2 (MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"xora- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qor 2, qoro- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xor 'insult, offence, grief'face="Times New Roman Star"qor 2, qoron- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xor 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qoro- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qora- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641-642, 645-646, ÝÑÒß 6, 73-74, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 369. On a possible Mong. loanword (qowr 'loss, damage') see under *ka\bro; modern Siberian nouns may be actually backloans from Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?om- / *c?o"m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 to swim 3 to scoop 4 to immerse, dip 5 scoopface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîãðóæàòüñÿ, íûðÿòü 2 ïëàâàòü, êóïàòüñÿ 3 ÷åðïàòü 4 îêóíàòü 5 ÷åðïàê, êîâøface="Times New Roman Star"c?om- = c?o"m- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?o"m- 1 (MK), c?o"mc?e 5 (MK Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?e 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- 1, c?u"mec? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 1 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.m-(mo|q) 1, c?u.mic? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?om-ul- (pass.) 1, c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?omys? 5 (ßÆÓ)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?a" 5
face="Times New Roman Star"som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon'face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"m- 1, 4, c?omyjaq 'pannier made of birch bark'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?úw|m- 1 ( < Tat.?; c?úm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Ôåäîòîâ 2, 401)face="Times New Roman Star"som-us- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym-yn- (refl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 1, s?omuq 'a small trough made of birch bark'face="Times New Roman Star"c?omul-/c?o"mu"l- 1, 2, c?o"mu"- 1, c?o"mo"- 4, c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?omaqa , s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"sumy- 1, su"mes 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?o"m- 1, (T) c?om- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) c?omyc?, (T) c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- (c?o"m-) 1, 2 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 4, c?omuc? 5face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Åãîðîâ 319. Cf. also *c?amc?ak / -y- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *c?om-c?ak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. c?o"mel-, Az. c?o"ma"l-, Gag. c?o"mel-, Turkm. c?ommal-, Tat. c?u"ma"s?-, Kaz. s?o"mej-, KBalk. c?o"mel- ('trip over'; cf. also c?o"mel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *c?o"k-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*omac?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 scoopface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîãðóæàòüñÿ 2 ÷åðïàê









face="Times New Roman Star"omac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"omas? 2


face="Times New Roman Star"umus- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"oma:s? 2










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 361, 514.
face="Times New Roman Star"*u"le-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to divide, distribute, endow 2 lot, endowmentface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàçäåëÿòü, ðàñïðåäåëÿòü, íàäåëÿòü 2 äîëÿ, íàäåëface="Times New Roman Star"u"le-, u"les?- 1, u"lu"g, u"lu"s? 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"u"le-, u"les?- 1, u"lu"g, u"lu"s? 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"u"les?- 1, u"les? 2face="Times New Roman Star"u">la"s?- 1, u">li>s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"lu" 2, u"le- 1 (AH), u"les?- 1, u"les? 2 (Pav. C.), u"lu"s? 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ula"s?- 1, ul/us? 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"la"s?- 1, u"lu"s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"lis- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"u"le, u"lu"s? 2, u"le-, u"les?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"u"le- 1, u"lu"s 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"le-, u"les?- 1, u"les?, u"lu"s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"lu", u"lo"s? 2, u"le-, u"les?-, u"lo"s?- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"vales/- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"u"le- 1, u"les? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"u"lo"s?, u"lu"s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"les- 1, u"les 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"les- 1, u"lis 2face="Times New Roman Star"u">la"s?- 1, u">lu">s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"les?- 1, u"les?, u"lu"s? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"u"les?-, u"lu"s?- 1, u"lu"s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"les- 1, u"les 2
face="Times New Roman Star"u"les?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 627-629, EDT 127, 142, 153, 154, Åãîðîâ 46, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 98-99, VEWT 520, TMN 2, 120-121.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.gu-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to draw near 2 nearface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðèáëèæàòüñÿ 2 áëèçêèéface="Times New Roman Star"jag|u- (OUygh.) 1, jag|uq (Orkh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"jag|u- (MK, KB) 1, jag|uq (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"javuk 2face="Times New Roman Star"jawuq, juwyq (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"javu- (Pav. C.) 1, javuq (Abush.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"jo|vuq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"javy- 1 (dial.), jowuG 2face="Times New Roman Star"jovu- 1 (dial.), jowuq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ju:-, d/u- 1, ju:q, d/u:q 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/yvúx 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?ugas 2face="Times New Roman Star"hugas, c?ugas 2, hugaha:- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?o:q 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u:- 1, z?|u:q 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?uw- 1, z?uwyq 2face="Times New Roman Star"juwy- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?uwuq, zuwuq

face="Times New Roman Star"z?uw- 1, z?uwyq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"juwuq 2face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 62-63, EDT 898, 901, Stachowski 75, 110.
face="Times New Roman Star"*kep(i)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dry out 2 to extinguish, disappearface="Times New Roman Star"1 âûñûõàòü 2 èñ÷åçàòü, ïðîïàäàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"kepi- ( ? kebi-) (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kip- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ke|p- 1, ke|bi- (dial.) 2


face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 'to pound, demolish'face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 'to push'face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kip- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kep- 1, kebi- 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 687, ÝÑÒß 5, 45-46, Stachowski 145 (but the Yak. and Dolg. forms hardly to *ge:b- 'chew').
face="Times New Roman Star"*te.pi-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dry, become dry 2 to suffer from heatface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîõíóòü 2 ñòðàäàòü îò æàðû







face="Times New Roman Star"ta"pi- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tebi- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"tip- 1, 2













face="Times New Roman Star"Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 253) and Ôåäîòîâ (2, 233) think that the Chuv. form reflects PT *kep-, but this is impossible for phonetic reasons.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to end, accomplish 2 to be ended 3 to create, build 4 to heal 5 to grow, ripenface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîí÷àòü, çàâåðøàòü 2 êîí÷àòüñÿ 3 ñîçäàâàòü, ñòðîèòü 4 çàæèâàòü 5 âûðàñòàòü, âûçðåâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bet- 2, bet-e|s?- 4face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2, 4, 5 (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 2face="Times New Roman Star"pyt-, put- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"pu"t- 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"pu"d-u"r- 3face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|t- 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"bu"'t- 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"t- 1,2, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 4, 5face="Times New Roman Star"bo"t- 2, bo"t-o"s?- 4face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5; 'to close'face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"pit- 2, 4, 5
face="Times New Roman Star"bit- 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 93, TMN 2, 267, EDT 298-9, 306, ÝÑÒß 2, 152-154, 302-303, Stachowski 68. Cf. also PT *bu"tu"n 'all, whole' - a derivative from *bu"t-. Turk. > Mong. *bu"te-, *bu"tu"- (KW 69-70, TMN 2, 268-269, Ùåðáàê 1997, 111).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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