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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*ol- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 skilless, talentless, careless 2 simple face="Times New Roman Star"1 неумелый, небрежный 2 простой face="Times New Roman Star"ulyn- 'to be bewildered' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"olmaja 'an expression of warning, bewilderment' face="Times New Roman Star"olan|aj 2 face="Times New Roman Star"vъw|li-z?ali 1 face="Times New Roman Star"oloj- 'to make a stupid face' face="Times New Roman Star"olutpaj 'lazy' face="Times New Roman Star"oldoqson 1, oloq, olog|oj 'one-eyed' face="Times New Roman Star"olaq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 360, ДТС 609 (EDT 149 only quotes OT ulyn- 'to be twisted' which is probably a different root). face="Times New Roman Star"*apa (*appa) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"father face="Times New Roman Star"отец face="Times New Roman Star"apa (Orkh., OUygh.) 'ancestors' face="Times New Roman Star"apa (MK ) 'father, bear' ("Kypch."), (KB ) 'ancestor' face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"awa face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba 'father, bear' face="Times New Roman Star"oba 'bear' face="Times New Roman Star"ava face="Times New Roman Star"aba face="Times New Roman Star"apa (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"appa, aba face="Times New Roman Star"aba (Kakuk ), aba, apa (ССЯ ) face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, VEWT 1, ЭСТЯ 1, 54-58, Федотов 2, 281, Лексика 305, Аникин 71. Сf. also *ba:pa 'grandfather, mother's father' (Turkm. ba:ba etc., see ЭСТЯ 2, 10-13, Лексика 294, 305). Voicing of -p- in many languages is probably due to expressive gemination. face="Times New Roman Star"*a:la face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"variegated face="Times New Roman Star"пестрый face="Times New Roman Star"ala (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"ala (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"o|la face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"a:la face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"hala-bula face="Times New Roman Star"ola face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala-z?|a face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"ala face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 126, VEWT 15, ЭСТЯ 1, 129-130, TMN 2, 95-97, Федотов 2, 274, Лексика 607. face="Times New Roman Star"*e:nc?u" face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 fief, land and vassals presented by the ruler 2 gift, dowry face="Times New Roman Star"1 владение, земля и челядь, пожалованные начальником 2 подарок, приданое face="Times New Roman Star"inc?u" (/anc?u) 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"inc?e 2 face="Times New Roman Star"enc?u" 1 (Abush. 82) face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|u 1 face="Times New Roman Star"a"nc?i 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"i:nz?|i 2 face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i 2 face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"enn/ie 2 face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2 face="Times New Roman Star"inse 2 face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i `own' face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2 face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i-li 'own' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 44, EDT 173, ЭСТЯ 1, 361-362, Лексика 347-348, Дыбо 1997 . Turk. > MMong. enc?u", WMong. inz?|e, Kalm. inz?|@ (KW 208, 296). Mong. inz?|e 'dowry' may be in fact a word of different (Chinese) origin, see Haenisch 82, TMN 2, 224, EDT ibid., and modern Turkic forms may reflect a confusion of the original form and the later mongolism. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to attack, rob 3 chisel 4 hack, hoe, hatchet 5 to chop 6 to scythe, mow 7 to dig 8 to break 9 sharp 10 scythe 11 to whet, sharpen (a scythe) 12 metal shavings after forging 13 trap 14 whetstone for sharpening scythes 15 to whip 16 to hack, adze 17 shavings 18 booty 19 currycomb face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 нападать, грабить 3 резец 4 мотыга, тяпка, сечка 5 рубить 6 косить 7 копать (кетменем) 8 разламывать 9 острый 10 коса 11 точить (косу) 12 обсечки металла при ковке 13 капкан 14 брусок для точки кос 15 хлестать 16 тесать 17 стружка 18 добыча, трофей 19 скребница face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2, c?apla 3, c?apa 4, c?apak 12 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 6, 1, c?apqy 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|p- 5, 7, c?o|pqi 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqu 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p- 1, 5, 8 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2, c?apGy 4, c?apGyr 9 face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1, 5, 6, saxpy, sapxy 10 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 6, s?apqy 13 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqy 10, 13 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s/up- 1, 11, s/opkas/ 14 face="Times New Roman Star"saba:- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 2, s?ap-ta- 15 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-ty 17, s?apty-la- 16 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 7, 1, c?apqy 4, 10 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2, s?apqy 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, s?apqy 4 face="Times New Roman Star"sap/b- 6, 5, 1, sapqy 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ab- 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?apanaq 18 face="Times New Roman Star"cap- 1; c?ap- 1, 5, c?apa 19 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-, c?a'- 1 (ССЯ ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, c?apg|y 4 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Егоров 203, 219, Федотов 2, 85, 137-8, Ашм. XII, 247-249. face="Times New Roman Star"*dolga- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to twist, to wrap round face="Times New Roman Star"крутить, заворачивать face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dola- face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a-n- (refl.) face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a- (Abush. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"to.lg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|u- face="Times New Roman Star"dola- face="Times New Roman Star"dola- face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|aj 'turn' face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|o- face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a-n- 'to walk around' face="Times New Roman Star"tъla, tъw|lla 'cloth, petersham' face="Times New Roman Star"dolg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"dolg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|o- face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"tula 'cloth' face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a- face="Times New Roman Star"dola-n- 'to tinker with smth.' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 486, EDT 497, ЭСТЯ 3, 259-260, Федотов 2, 187-188, Ашм. XIV, 254-255, 259. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?E:k- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 woven cotton fabric 2 cotton shirt 3 woollen cloth 4 a k. of upper clothes (jacket, trousers, cloak) face="Times New Roman Star"1 хлопковая ткань 2 хлопковая рубашка 3 шерстяная ткань 4 вид верхней одежды (куртка, шаровары, плащ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekrek 2 (OUygh. - XIV c.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekrek 2 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekmen, c?a"pka"n 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikme|n 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekmen 4, 1 (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?akmo|n 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"kma"n 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?a":kmen 'gown' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekpen, c?epken 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ekpen 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ekpen 3 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekmen, c?epken 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"sa"kma"n 4 face="Times New Roman Star"c?epken 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"cekmen, c?ekma"n 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 416, 413. face="Times New Roman Star"*Tu:krag (?) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"royal sign manual face="Times New Roman Star"знак царской власти face="Times New Roman Star"tug|rag| (MK - Oghuz), tug|ra (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ra face="Times New Roman Star"tug|ro| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 496. EDT 471, TMN 3, 342-343. The word may belong here if it is not derived < tu:g 'banner' ( < Chin.). face="Times New Roman Star"*c?e.r face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 bodily heaviness, constipation (euphem.) 2 rotten, foul 3 to rot 4 illness 5 dirt 6 to be sick, ill 7 rot 8 glue 9 anguish, sorrow face="Times New Roman Star"1 запор (эвфем.) 2 гнилой, сгнивший 3 гнить 4 болезнь 5 грязь 6 болеть, хворать 7 труха, гниль 8 клей 9 тоска, скорбь face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 1 (MK ), c?er-le-n- 'to be constipated; to suppurate (of eyes)' (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 4, c?irk 5, c?iris? 'flour paste' face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir 4, c?irla"- 4, c?ere- 3, c?erek 7 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir 'tumeur, clou', c?ire- 'se de/gou/\ter' face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irk 'snuff; hardened wheel ointment' face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"r 'horse's heart attack', c?a"rla"- 6, c?irk 5 face="Times New Roman Star"c?irk '(dirty) spot; insult', c?errik 'illness (of cattle)' face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir, dial. c?e.r 4, s/@r- 3, 6, s/@r@k 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 9, 'hard tumour', c?erle- 'to be anguished', c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irenc? 8 face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 4, 9, s?iri- 3, s?irik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 4, s?iri- 3, s?irik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sir 4, sere- 3, serek 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?iris? 8 face="Times New Roman Star"ciri-, c?iri- 3, cirik, c?irik 2, c?yrys? 8 face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 9, s?ir- 3, s?irik 2, s?iris? 'slime' face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 4, 9, c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irkew 'maggots in rotten food' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 427, 430, TMN 1077, Егоров 211-212, 326, Федотов 2,111-112, 420. As Doerfer notes, Turkic forms of the type c?irkin 'dirty, nasty, ugly' (Chag., Tur., Gag., Tat., Uzb.) are rather borrowed from Persian c?irkin (which itself is derived from c?irk, borrowed < Turkic). face="Times New Roman Star"*Tygra- / *Tygyr/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 firm, tough 2 narrow, compact, firm face="Times New Roman Star"1 крепкий, плотный 2 узкий, тесный, плотный face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|ra-q 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|raq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"dyqyz 1 (a contamination with dyq- `to stuff') face="Times New Roman Star"tu:s 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|vъw|r 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyjys 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|yz 2 face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|yz 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477, EDT 471. face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.r/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to write face="Times New Roman Star"писать face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (MK Oghuz.) face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (Pav. C. , Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"s/yr- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az- face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"jad|- face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az-, zaz- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"z?az- face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 193, ЭСТЯ 4, 70-71, EDT 984. Turk. > Hung. i/r- (MNyTESz 2, 227-228). face="Times New Roman Star"*de:.l(b)u"- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"mad, stupid face="Times New Roman Star"сумасшедший, глупый face="Times New Roman Star"telve (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"telve (MK , KB ); telu" (MK -Oghuz) face="Times New Roman Star"deli face="Times New Roman Star"tile, (КСТТ ) tilba" face="Times New Roman Star"telve (Abush. , Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"telba face="Times New Roman Star"ta"lva" 'sporty' face="Times New Roman Star"da"li face="Times New Roman Star"da":li, telbe face="Times New Roman Star"tiler- 'to become mad, enraged' face="Times New Roman Star"telemir, telen| face="Times New Roman Star"teli; delbe 'stagger' face="Times New Roman Star"delbe 'stagger' face="Times New Roman Star"teli; delbe 'stagger' face="Times New Roman Star"tile, tilba" 'stagger' face="Times New Roman Star"teli face="Times New Roman Star"deli face="Times New Roman Star"deli, teli face="Times New Roman Star"delbe 'stagger' face="Times New Roman Star"deli face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 493, VEWT 472, ЭСТЯ 3, 214-216, TMN 3, 660-662. The forms meaning 'stagger' reveal some irregularities (notably, voiced d- in some Kypchak forms), perhaps due to interdialectal borrowing. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)ak- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to strike fire 2 flint, fire steel face="Times New Roman Star"1 высекать огонь 2 кремень, огниво face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (OUygh.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (MK ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ak- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (Sangl. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq-tas? 2 face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ax- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yn 'spark' face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?aqpa 2 face="Times New Roman Star"sag|-/saq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|-/c?aq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun' face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 'to pull the trigger', c?aqma 2 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. c?akma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *c?ak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison. face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 a backbiting man 2 to exact a fine 3 claim 4 reproach 5 to be offended 6 to be angry face="Times New Roman Star"1 клеветник 2 штрафовать 3 претензия, рекламация (юрид.) 4 упрек 5 обижаться 6 сердиться face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 3 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"c?amg|uq 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly' face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5 face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry' face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive' face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble'). face="Times New Roman Star"*bialyk face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"city, fortress face="Times New Roman Star"город, крепость face="Times New Roman Star"balyq (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"balyq (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"balyq (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"balyq, paluq face="Times New Roman Star"baluq 'деревня' face="Times New Roman Star"pu"ler face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 2, 257, EDT 335-336, ЭСТЯ 2, 59, ОСНЯ 3, 91, Лексика 485, Мудрак Дисс. 194. face="Times New Roman Star"*Arka- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"lasso, thick string face="Times New Roman Star"лассо, толстая веревка face="Times New Roman Star"arkan 1 face="Times New Roman Star"arqa:n face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 26, ЭСТЯ 1, 175-176. Turk. > WMong. arqala-, Kalm. arx@l- (KW 14). face="Times New Roman Star"*e:ke- (? i:-) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to be insolent, quarrel face="Times New Roman Star"быть дерзким, ссориться face="Times New Roman Star"ike-, ikes?- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"iges?- face="Times New Roman Star"eges?- face="Times New Roman Star"i:gen- 'to scold, growl at' face="Times New Roman Star"eg|e 'faultfinding', eg|ele:- 'to find faults' face="Times New Roman Star"egen- 'to feel uncomfortable' face="Times New Roman Star"eges?- face="Times New Roman Star"eges- face="Times New Roman Star"eges- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 101, 118-119. face="Times New Roman Star"*em- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"now face="Times New Roman Star"сейчас face="Times New Roman Star"emti (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"imdi face="Times New Roman Star"indi> face="Times New Roman Star"imdi (AH , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"endi face="Times New Roman Star"a"mdi face="Times New Roman Star"indi face="Times New Roman Star"indi, s?-u"ndi face="Times New Roman Star"emdi face="Times New Roman Star"@nd@ face="Times New Roman Star"emi, endi face="Times New Roman Star"endi> face="Times New Roman Star"endi face="Times New Roman Star"indi> face="Times New Roman Star"endi face="Times New Roman Star"endi face="Times New Roman Star"endi face="Times New Roman Star"endi face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 156-157, VEWT 41, ЭСТЯ 1, 357-358, Егоров 65, Лексика 83 (with confusion of *em- and *am- q. v. sub *a>mV ). face="Times New Roman Star"*i:r/ / *y:r/ face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 trace 2 furrow face="Times New Roman Star"1 след 2 борозда, межа face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1, yzan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (Бор. Бад. , Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"y:z 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i>s 1 face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 face="Times New Roman Star"j@r 1, jъran 2 face="Times New Roman Star"is 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1 face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1, yzan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"i>d| 1, yd|an 2 face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"jiz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz, yz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 face="Times New Roman Star"hyzan 2 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, ЭСТЯ 1, 383-385, 646, 647, VEWT 175, Егоров 79, 75. There exists a verbal derivative *i:r/-te- 'to follow one's tracks', attested as iste- as early as in OUygh. (see EDT 243) and in many modern languages (see ЭСТЯ 1, 383); but simultaneously there is a variant *i:r-te- (with *-r/- > -r- according to Helimski's rule), attested already in MK (see EDT 208) and in Yak., Dolg. irde:-, see Stachowski 128. face="Times New Roman Star"*a:tag face="Times New Roman Star"island face="Times New Roman Star"остров face="Times New Roman Star"ada face="Times New Roman Star"ataw face="Times New Roman Star"(CCum .) atov face="Times New Roman Star"a:da face="Times New Roman Star"odъ face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 31, ЭСТЯ 1, 87-88, TMN 2, 19, Федотов 2, 295.
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