| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/gan- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to earn wages by labour, to gain profits by trade, to strive for success | face="Times New Roman Star"ïðèîáðåòàòü, õðàíèòü, âûèãðûâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (Orkh., Yeniss., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qazg|an- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kazan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- (Sangl., Houts., Ettuhf., IM, Pav. C., MA), Kypch. qazan- (CCum.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gazan- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xúrg|ún 'ñêóïåö, ñêðÿãà, ñêàðåä' | face="Times New Roman Star"xaha:n- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- | face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qazan- | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 188-189. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"goose | face="Times New Roman Star"ãóñü | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz (Houts., AH, Pav. C.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"g|az |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:z | face="Times New Roman Star"xas | face="Times New Roman Star"qas | face="Times New Roman Star"qas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xor | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:s | face="Times New Roman Star"ka:s | face="Times New Roman Star"qas |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"qad| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qa:z |
| face="Times New Roman Star"g|az |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaz | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 679, VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 184, Ëåêñèêà 171, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361, Stachowski 143. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to dig 2 to scrape, scratch 3 plane | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîïàòü 2 ñêðåñòè, öàðàïàòü 3 ðóáàíîê | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (KB), qazy- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kaz- 1,2, kazy- 2, kazag|y 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- (AH, Houts., MA, IM, Pav. C.) 1, (Pav. C.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1, qazi- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1,2, Gazy- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gaz- 1, Gaza- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. xas- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xas- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qas- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qazy- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qad|y- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaz- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 185-186, Ìóäðàê 103, Stachowski 140. Chuv. -y- is not quite clear here. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:n| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"wide | face="Times New Roman Star"øèðîêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"kin| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gen | face="Times New Roman Star"kin| | face="Times New Roman Star"ke.n| (Sangl., Abush., Áîð. Áàä.), ge.n| (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"n| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"gen | face="Times New Roman Star"gi:n| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:en|g |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kien| | face="Times New Roman Star"kien| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| | face="Times New Roman Star"kin| | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ken|, ken | face="Times New Roman Star"ken| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gen| | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 724-725, VEWT 253, EDT 724-725, ÝÑÒß 3, 46-47, Stachowski 147. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:(j)t- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to go (away) | face="Times New Roman Star"óõîäèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ket- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ket/d|- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"git- | face="Times New Roman Star"kit- | face="Times New Roman Star"ke.t- (Abush., Sangl., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"ket- | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"t- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"get- | face="Times New Roman Star"git- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ket- (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kajt- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ket- | face="Times New Roman Star"ket- | face="Times New Roman Star"ket- | face="Times New Roman Star"kit- | face="Times New Roman Star"ket- | face="Times New Roman Star"get- | face="Times New Roman Star"ket- | face="Times New Roman Star"ket- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gi:/i- (Kakuk) | face="Times New Roman Star"get- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 701, ÝÑÒß 3, 39-40, 49-50. Vowel length can be reconstructed on indirect evidence (voicing -t- > -d- in forms like Az. gedis? 'going away' etc.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"foot, shin | face="Times New Roman Star"íîãà, ãîëåíü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kyc? 'foot, shin; coccyx, behind' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyc? (AH) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyc? (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qys 'êàìóñ' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xys/ 'back, behind' | face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s berbe:kej 'ùèêîëîòêà, ëîäûæêà' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyc? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 281, ÝÑÒß 6, 252-253. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 greedy, miserly 2 wise, clever 3 to offer, sacrifice 4 to dare | face="Times New Roman Star"1 æàäíûé, ñêóïîé 2 ìóäðûé, óìíûé 3 æåðòâîâàòü, ïðèíîñèòü â æåðòâó, ïîñâÿùàòü ñåáÿ 4 ñìåòü, ðåøàòüñÿ, ïîêóøàòüñÿ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 (AH) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 3, 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|a 2, xyjtyx 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|a 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúj- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-198 (confused with *Kyj- 'to cut aslant' which should be probably kept apart). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl-ga- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"beard (of grain), awn | face="Times New Roman Star"îñòü (êîëîñà) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gylg|a (dial.) 'third harvest on virgin soil' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|a |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylg|an, qylg|a |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyl/úx | face="Times New Roman Star"kyla:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan | face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylg|an (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 127, ÝÑÒß 6, 208-209. The Kypchak names of "meadowgrass" (Kirgh. qylqan etc., see Ëåêñèêà ibid., ÝÑÒß 6, 208) are most probably borrowed from Mongolian. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyly:c? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sword | face="Times New Roman Star"ìå÷ | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kylyc?, kylyz?| | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qilic? | face="Times New Roman Star"qilic? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? | face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyz?| | face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"xylys | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyli:c? | face="Times New Roman Star"x@s/ | face="Times New Roman Star"kylys, kyly:s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xylys? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 570, ÝÑÒß 6, 212-214. Cf. also *Kyla-gu 'blade' (VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 207-208). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl(k) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hair | face="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñ | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"qil | face="Times New Roman Star"qil | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl | face="Times New Roman Star"xyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"x@l@x | face="Times New Roman Star"kyl | face="Times New Roman Star"kyl 'sealine' | face="Times New Roman Star"xyl | face="Times New Roman Star"xyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Ëåêñèêà 196, ÝÑÒß 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to do, to make | face="Times New Roman Star"äåëàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qil- | face="Times New Roman Star"qil- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"xyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"@s/-x@l 'äåëà/' | face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- | face="Times New Roman Star"gyn- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 616, VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 205-206, Stachowski 88. Turk. *kyl-ync? 'deed' > Mong. kilinc?e 'sin' (see Clark 1980, 43). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyjm- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to move | face="Times New Roman Star"äâèãàòüñÿ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qymyt- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kymylda- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qim- | face="Times New Roman Star"qimil 'movement' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyldan- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:mylda- | face="Times New Roman Star"xyjmyra- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyqta- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyl 'movement' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyl 'movement' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmylda- 'øåâåëèòüñÿ' | face="Times New Roman Star"qymylda- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumyr/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"fermented milk | face="Times New Roman Star"ìîëî÷íûé ñïèðòíîé íàïèòîê |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kymyz | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qimiz | face="Times New Roman Star"qimiz |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyz | face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyz | face="Times New Roman Star"xymys, Sag., Koib. xumys |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qymys |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|múw|s < Qypch. | face="Times New Roman Star"kymys |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xymys |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz | face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz | face="Times New Roman Star"qomod|, qymyd| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 629, Ëåêñèêà 450-451, ÝÑÒß 6, 219. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ra- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to ring, toll 2 bell | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çâåíåòü, çâîíèòü 2 êîëîêîë(ü÷èê) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|raq, qon|rag|u 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kon|rak (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qumrawu 2 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n|yraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|raq, qon|g|iraq (dial.) 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gymrow 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xon|ra- 1, xon|ro 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ra- 1, qon|ra: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ro- 1, qon|ru: 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|ura- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|uro: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qun|yraw 2 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qon|raw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kon|or 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uraw 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280, TMN 3, 526, EDT 640, ÝÑÒß 6, 60-61. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:jn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beat | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàêàçàíèå, øòðàô, âèíà 2 íàêàçûâàòü 3 æåñòîêîñòü, òèðàíèÿ 4 îñóæäàòü, ïîðèöàòü 5 òðóäíûé, òÿæåëûé 6 ìó÷èòü 7 îáèäà 8 îáèæàòü 9 áåäà, ìó÷åíèå 10 ãðåõ 11 ñåðäèòü, ðàçäðàæàòü 12 áèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjnyg| (acc.) (Orkh.), qyjn, qyn (OUygh.) 1, qyna- 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn, qyjyn (KB) 1, qyna- 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyjyn, kyjync? 3, kyna- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 5, qyjyna- 'to make difficult, hard' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn (Abush., Áîð. Áàä., MA), qyn (Pav. C.), qyna- 2 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyna- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qy:n 5, qy:na- 'to make difficult, torture' | face="Times New Roman Star"xyjyx 7, xyjal 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjal 9, 10, qyjyq-ta- 8, qyjnag| 9 (*qyn/-lag|) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qyjna- 6, qyjal 10, dial. (Áàñê. Òóáà) qyj- 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"x@n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ky:nn/a:-, kyjaxa:- 11, kyj- 'to pain, ache' | face="Times New Roman Star"kyjn|a- 11, kyj- 'to kill' | face="Times New Roman Star"xyjna- 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjyt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qyjna- 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6, qynz?-yl- 'to be distressed' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qejin 1, qyjna- 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. EDT 631, ÝÑÒß 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Ky:jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kyjaxa:- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Ky:jn as *Kyjyn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. ki/n 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sheath, scabbard | face="Times New Roman Star"íîæíû, ÷åõîë |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qin, (Khorazm dial.) qyjn | face="Times New Roman Star"qin | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (ßÆÓ) | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn | face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:n | face="Times New Roman Star"xyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@, dial. @n@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ky:n |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyn |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qyn |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyn | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 630-631, Åãîðîâ 79, Ëåêñèêà 571, ÝÑÒß 6, 217-218. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrgak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"edge | face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|ag| (MK) 'selvage, edge' | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrak | face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj | face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg|, qyrag| (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|o|q | face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)g|aq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GyraG |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xri, xyryj, xyryg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryg| | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag| | face="Times New Roman Star"x@r@ | face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: | face="Times New Roman Star"kyry: | face="Times New Roman Star"qyry |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyru: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyraq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyryj | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265, EDT 653, ÝÑÒß 6, 242-244, Stachowski 170. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/-, *Kyrguj, *Kyragan | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hawk, falcon 2 faultless (of a bird of prey) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿñòðåá, ñîêîë 2 ëîâêèé, áüþùèé áåç ïðîìàõà (î ëîâ÷åé ïòèöå) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|uj 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrg|aj, kyrg|y 1, kuran (dial.) 'hawk', kyrkaw (dial., R.) 'a k. of hawk' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|u (Pav. C.), qyrg|y (Ettuhf.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|ij 1, qiro|nqara 'îðåë-ìîãèëüíèê' | face="Times New Roman Star"g|urg|uj, qarg|aj 1 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xyza 1, xyrg|yjax 'young hawk' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"x@rxi 1, x@re|n 'kite' | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrbyj 'ñåðûé ñîêîë, ñîêîë-÷åãëîê, ÿñòðåá' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyra:n, qyran 1, 2, qyrg|yj, qyjg|yr 1, qyrg|yjek 'young hawk' | face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|yr (dial.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj, qyrqyn, qyrxyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 266, 269, EDT 654-655, ÝÑÒß 6, 231, 232-235. Turk. *Kyrguj 'falcon' > Mong. kirg|ui, see Ùåðáàê 1997, 139. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hoar-frost 2 thin snow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 èíåé 2 òîíêèé ñíåã | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrag|u 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw (Áîð. Áàä., Abush.), qirau, qirag|u (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qiro|w 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qija, qira, qiro 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrow 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyraw 1, Gyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xro 1, xyrbyx 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyra: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"x@rb@x 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1, ky:rpax, kyrpaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xyra: 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyro: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qrau 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qra: 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw, qoruw 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265-266, 267, EDT 656, ÝÑÒß 6, 230-231, 241, Stachowski 169. Turk. > MMong. (HY) kira'u, WMong. kirag|u, Khalkha x/aru: 'hoar-frost' etc. (see Doerfer TMN 3, 569, Ùåðáàê 1997, 138, Clark 1977, 147, although the latter's derivation of *kyragu < *kyr 'grey' is hardly acceptable). Cf. also PT *Kyr-lac? 'the coldest time of winter' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 237-238). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyp- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to press together 2 scissors 3 tongs 4 to cut (with scissors) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñæèìàòü 2 íîæíèöû 3 êëåùè |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyftu (MK) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kypty (dial.) 2, ky(r)p- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 (Houts., Ettuhf.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrp- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyp- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xypty 2, xypla- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2, qypla- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qypta 2, qypc?yn- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xypc?úk 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyptyj 2, kybyt-, kybyj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyptyj- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qypty 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 234, EDT 582, ÝÑÒß 6, 221-222, 224, Stachowski 168. |
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