face="Times New Roman Star"apa (Orkh., OUygh.) 'ancestors'
face="Times New Roman Star"apa (MK) 'father, bear' ("Kypch."), (KB) 'ancestor'
face="Times New Roman Star"aba
face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"awa
face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"aba (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"aba
face="Times New Roman Star"aba 'father, bear'
face="Times New Roman Star"oba 'bear'
face="Times New Roman Star"ava
face="Times New Roman Star"aba
face="Times New Roman Star"apa (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"appa, aba
face="Times New Roman Star"aba (Kakuk), aba, apa (ÑÑß)
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, VEWT 1, ÝÑÒß 1, 54-58, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 281, Ëåêñèêà 305, Àíèêèí 71. Ñf. also *ba:pa 'grandfather, mother's father' (Turkm. ba:ba etc., see ÝÑÒß 2, 10-13, Ëåêñèêà 294, 305). Voicing of -p- in many languages is probably due to expressive gemination.
face="Times New Roman Star"budursyn (MK); bujurc?un, bujurc?yn (AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"(pudurc?un, pu"du"rc?u"n)
face="Times New Roman Star"púw|rz?|úgan 'wagtail'
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 309, Ëåêñèêà 173, ÝÑÒß 2, 305-306. The root was strongly influenced by *byldur- (q. v. sub *pi_o>/ltorV); this explains the Khak. form (one would expect puzur-).
face="Times New Roman Star"ma"jram 1, ba"jge 2, 3, (dial.) bajraq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"bajram 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bajram 1, ba"jgi 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"bajram 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bajram 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bajram 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bajram 1, ba"jge 2, 3, bajraq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"bajram 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 54, 56, ÝÑÒß 2, 32, 33-34 (erroneously under *bad|rak 'flag'), 35-36, TMN 2, 384-385. Here one should reconstruct *-j- (not *-d|-), dissimilated before -r- according to Mudrak's rule. Formally *baj-ra-m and *baj-ra-k are deverbatives from a hypothetical *baj-ra- 'to celebrate'; *baj-ga is a denominative with a usual East.-Kypch. suffix. Menges' (1933, 101) hypothesis of bajga < Russ. is quite unlikely (cf. the areal and the Chag. fixation). A rather popular theory of Iranian origin is also excluded: the only acceptable etymology of Pers. bajram is < Turkic (see also ÝÑÒß). Because of semantics, hardly connected with Mong. baj 'sign, goal, road sign'. Turk. > Russ. Siber. bajga/ (Àíèêèí 109).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 hill, 2 foot-hill 3 hummock
face="Times New Roman Star"1 õîëì 2 ïîäíîæüå ãîðû 3 ïðèãîðîê
face="Times New Roman Star"bajyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bajyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"pa:r 2
face="Times New Roman Star"byar 3
face="Times New Roman Star"bajyr 'mountain'
face="Times New Roman Star"bajyr 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 37-38, VEWT 57. The root should be distinguished from *ba:gyr 'liver' (although there may occur secondary mergers, cf. Tat. bawur 'slope'). It has no relationship (suggested in ÝÑÒß) to Mong. bajir 'place' (derived from baji- 'to be' and borrowed in Uzb. bajir 'accustomed to local conditions', Kirgh. bajyr 'attachment to a place', Nogh. bajyr 'proper'); intermediate (not quite clear) cases are Chag. bajyr 'plain, desert' (Pav. C.), Az. bajyr 'the external part of the inhabited area as opposed to the internal part', Khal. bajir 'uncultivated (place)'.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 âèä ïîäàòè, íàëîãà 2 ìîíåòà
face="Times New Roman Star"basyg| (OUygh.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bas, pas, ba:s 'price', pas-ly 'valued, expensive' (Sib., ÊÑÒÒ 108, 177)
face="Times New Roman Star"pus 2
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 373, Àøì. X, 4-5, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 449-450. The OT form is usually regarded as derived from *bas- 'to press' (v. sub *pa>\si), but external evidence suggests that this is one of the numerous inner Turkic folk-etymological reinterpretations. Chuv. pus "copec" needs some additional comments. According to Åãîðîâ 166 it can either be derived from pus- 'break' < Turk. *bas- (according to Zolotnitski), or be borrowed from Pers. po:st "skin" > Tur. post, Uzb. pust 'id.' (Turkic forms see in VEWT 386). The latter hypothesis is rather improbable because the form means 'coin' only in Chuv., and because this borrowing is absent in other languages of the Volga region. VEWT 387 suggests Chuv. pus < Mari pus? 'debt, tax' < pu- 'give'. The word is absent from the Mari dictionary, one only finds ïóûøàø 'arrears'; cf., on the other hand, Udm. pus 'sign, subscription' < Chuv. puz@ id. < pus- 'to press'. This etymology is, therefore, equally dubious, and our equation of Chuv. pus = OT basyg| seems preferable.
face="Times New Roman Star"batpaq; (dial.) bat 'sediment in water'
face="Times New Roman Star"batpaq
face="Times New Roman Star"batqaq
face="Times New Roman Star"batmaq, batxaq
face="Times New Roman Star"bataq
face="Times New Roman Star"bataq
face="Times New Roman Star"batpaq
face="Times New Roman Star"batmaq
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 301, ÝÑÒß II 79, 80, VEWT 65, Åãîðîâ 169, Àøì. X 42, 48. Traditionally analysed as derivatives from *bat- 'to sink'; the derivational suffixes may be indeed both deverbative and denominative. But the external cognates are tempting.
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"jle, (dial.) bele; (dial.) bile-m 'myself' etc.
face="Times New Roman Star"bejle, bo"jle (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"bejla", bela", dial. bila"-m 'myself' etc.
face="Times New Roman Star"bejle
face="Times New Roman Star"bejde (Kumd.)
face="Times New Roman Star"bila"-m, bila"-si, bila"-miz 'myself, himself, ourselves' etc. ( < Az.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 107-108. Cf. perhaps also Yak. bet-tex (Dolg. bettek) 'here, closely', Yak., Dolg. betere: 'this, nearest side' (although it may go back to *bet 'face'; derivation < *be-ru" 'this side' in ÝÑÒß 2, 124, followed by Stachowski 59, is hardly plausible). The sometimes proposed explanation as *bu ile, i.e. "together with it" or "by means of it" is not quite acceptable for semantic reasons. As for the Oghuz variants with a labialized vowels, they may have an assimilative origin. But on the whole the attribution of the Turkic form is still dubious (although the semantic derivation "similar, such as" < "face, looks" seems to be quite common in Altaic).
face="Times New Roman Star"bag|lan, bag|ylan 'lamb that has stopped suckling', bag|yldyr 'wild lamb, 1-year-old mountain goat'
face="Times New Roman Star"bag|ana 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bag|lan 'a well-fed early lamb'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 55, Ëåêñèêà 390. The Kypchak form bag|lan 'lamb' has hardly anything to do with Tat., Kaz. baqlan 'cormorant' (despite TMN 2, 298, Àíèêèí 112).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 319. Voicing *-k- > -g- > -0- in Kirgh. is unclear. Molnar's (Molna/r 2001) etymology < Sanskr. vi-kars.ati presupposes an unattested derivative and is generally quite dubious.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ba:la, *ba:l-dyr/, *ba:la-pan
