| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*Top- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to go through | face="Times New Roman Star"проходить сквозь | face="Times New Roman Star"topul- 'to pierce' (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"topul- 'to pierce' (MK, KB) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tobyr- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tobul- 'прорубить, пробить' | face="Times New Roman Star"tobul- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"topyl- 'нападать, набрасываться, вторгаться' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 489, EDT 440, Stachowski 224. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*topra-k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"earth, soil | face="Times New Roman Star"земля, почва | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"toprak | face="Times New Roman Star"tufraq | face="Times New Roman Star"toprag|/q, tofrag|/q (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tupro|q | face="Times New Roman Star"tofraq, topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"durvaq | face="Times New Roman Star"torpaG | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"tobyrax | face="Times New Roman Star"tobraq | face="Times New Roman Star"tobraq | face="Times New Roman Star"turpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|pra | face="Times New Roman Star"toburax |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dovuraq | face="Times New Roman Star"to'praq | face="Times New Roman Star"topuraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"tupraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq, toprax | face="Times New Roman Star"topyraq | face="Times New Roman Star"to(:)ryx| | face="Times New Roman Star"topraq | face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *topra- 'to turn into dust, dry out'. See VEWT 489, EDT 443, 444, Лексика 99. Turk. > WMong. tobrag, Kalm. towr@g (KW 404). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Tok | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hummel 2 base of a horn 3 with a shaved head | face="Times New Roman Star"1 комолый 2 основание рога 3 бритоголовый |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toq 3 (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqal (R) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"to.qo|l 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"? toq 'Gipfel, Spitze' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqpaq 'куцый' (хвост), doqpaq 'корноухий' | face="Times New Roman Star"? to'q 'крупный о шарообразном' | face="Times New Roman Star"toqol 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqal, toqalaq 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqal 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'с тупым концом' | face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 485, 486 (but not < Mong., despite Ra"sa"nen); EDT 464. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*toku | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"rite, ceremony | face="Times New Roman Star"обряд (погребальный, свадебный) | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"toka 'wedding present' (dial.), 'handshake' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toqa (Sangl.), toqal 'the least respected wife' (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.qo|l 'second wife' | face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'younger wife' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tъxlac?ъ 'matchmaker' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqol 'younger wife' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'first wife in respect to others' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqal 'younger wife' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 466, Егоров 241 (derives from F.-U. or from tъxъm 'progeny' - both quite dubious morphologically), VEWT 485. The semantic development is 'rite, ceremony' > 'wedding' > 'matchmaker' / 'younger wife'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*doku- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to weave | face="Times New Roman Star"ткать | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"doku- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.qi- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"toxu- | face="Times New Roman Star"doqa- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqy- | face="Times New Roman Star"? tog|ustun 'назв. дерева, из кот. делают челноки' | face="Times New Roman Star"doqu- | face="Times New Roman Star"toxy- | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 484-5, EDT 467, ЭСТЯ 3, 253-254 (to distinguish from *toky- 'to beat'), Лексика 395. Turk. > WMong. toki-, Kalm. tok@- 'to plait' (KW 398). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*toky- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to hit, knock, strike 2 mallet | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 молот 3 трогать, касаться | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), toqymaq 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"toqy- 1 (MK, KB), toqymaq 2 (MK, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"tokus?- 1, doku- 1 (dial.), dokun- 3, tokmak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqy- 1, tuqyn- 3, tuqmaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqun- 3 (Pav. C.), toqmaq 2 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.qin- 3, to.qmo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"toqun- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toGGus?- 1, toxun- 3, tox|maG 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqmaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tog|as- 'to hit upon > meet', toxpax 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tog|as?- 'to meet' | face="Times New Roman Star"toqul-da- 1, toqpoq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqu- 1, toqun- 3, toqmaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toqqu-la- 1, tonur- 3 (< dhon-ur-), doqpaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toqmoq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqyl-da- 1, toqpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqylda- 1, tuqmaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqmaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"doqun- 3, toqmaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqys?- 'to clink (glasses)', toqyn- 3, toqmaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toqylda- 1, toqpaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"toxmax 2 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"toqala- 1, toqmaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 484-485, TMN 2, 629, EDT 467, 470, ЭСТЯ 3, 253-254, 256-257. The variants with *d- may be archaic, see below. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tokly | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"lamb (6m. old) | face="Times New Roman Star"ягненок до полугода |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toqly (MK, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"toklu | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqty; tug|ys? 'a 1-year-old elk' (КСТТ) | face="Times New Roman Star"tog|ly (Pav. C.),(MKypch.) toqly (Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.qli |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toqty | face="Times New Roman Star"toGlu | face="Times New Roman Star"toqly |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tog|ly |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tugut 'calf, foal' | face="Times New Roman Star"tugut 'calf, foal' | face="Times New Roman Star"tog|du; tos? '1-year-old elk' | face="Times New Roman Star"dos? '1-year-old elk' (Рас. ФиЛ) | face="Times New Roman Star"toqtu | face="Times New Roman Star"toqty | face="Times New Roman Star"toqly | face="Times New Roman Star"tuqty | face="Times New Roman Star"toqlu | face="Times New Roman Star"toqlu |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toqly |
| face="Times New Roman Star"toqlu | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 485, TMN 2, 524, EDT 469, Лексика 434, Stachowski 229. Turk. > Hung. toklyo/ 'lamb', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*to:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"dust | face="Times New Roman Star"пыль | face="Times New Roman Star"toz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"toz (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"toz | face="Times New Roman Star"tuzan | face="Times New Roman Star"toz (Sangl.), tos (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.zo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"toz | face="Times New Roman Star"tos | face="Times New Roman Star"toz | face="Times New Roman Star"to:z, tozan | face="Times New Roman Star"tozyn | face="Times New Roman Star"tozun | face="Times New Roman Star"tozyn |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toz | face="Times New Roman Star"toz | face="Times New Roman Star"tozan | face="Times New Roman Star"tud|an |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to:z | face="Times New Roman Star"toz | face="Times New Roman Star"toz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 492, EDT 580-1, Лексика 99-100. Cf. also Yak. tor 'soot'. Despite Лексика, the stem tozan is rather not a deverbative in -g|an from the verb toz- (cf. the absence of any traces of -g|-), but a denominative (like er - eren); this would explain the lack of length in Turkm. This may also be a noun in -n derived from a denominative verb in -а- (Turkm. toza- 'to become dusty', also without length). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*To:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"birch bark 2 birch cover (for a bow) 3 vessel made of birch bark | face="Times New Roman Star"береста, изделия из бересты | face="Times New Roman Star"toz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"toz 'полоска для обертывания лука' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) toz 'материал для обертки лука' | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"toz 'кора горного миндаля, которой обертывают луки' (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.s 'березовая кора, идущая на отделку седла' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tos, dial. tos? | face="Times New Roman Star"tos | face="Times New Roman Star"tos |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tuos | face="Times New Roman Star"tuos xa: | face="Times New Roman Star"tos | face="Times New Roman Star"dos | face="Times New Roman Star"toz 'чага' | face="Times New Roman Star"toz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"toz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 491-2, EDT 571, Лексика 103. Turk. > WMong. tous, toos, Kalm. to:s, see Clark 1980, 39. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tepo" (-u") | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hill, top; top of head | face="Times New Roman Star"холм, вершина | face="Times New Roman Star"to"pu" | face="Times New Roman Star"tepe (Tefs.), to"pu" (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"tepe, dial. depe | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"be| | face="Times New Roman Star"tepe, to"pe (MA, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tepa | face="Times New Roman Star"to"pa" |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ta"pa" | face="Times New Roman Star"depe |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"to"bo" |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"b@, to"be (NW) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"bo" | face="Times New Roman Star"to"bo" | face="Times New Roman Star"t`ej |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"bo" | face="Times New Roman Star"to"be | face="Times New Roman Star"to"be | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"be| | face="Times New Roman Star"to"be | face="Times New Roman Star"tepe | face="Times New Roman Star"tebe | face="Times New Roman Star"to"be |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"be | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 494, 505, TMN 2, 450-452, EDT 436, ЭСТЯ 3, 197-199, Лексика 201, Stachowski 227. The original meaning was probably 'crest, top of head': cf. Kirgh. tu"po"k 'бунчук', Chuv. t@w|bek 'crest, top of head'. Forms with d- in Oghuz may be a trace of a different root (see below); but Kirgh. do"bo" and Uygh. do"wa" are most probably < Mong. do"be. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to pour out | face="Times New Roman Star"лить, сыпать | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"do"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k-, tek- | face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|k- | face="Times New Roman Star"tox- | face="Times New Roman Star"tok- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"'k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"'k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"do"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"'- (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 492-493, EDT 477, ЭСТЯ 3, 273-274, Stachowski 225. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do"l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 progeny, breed 2 new-born animals | face="Times New Roman Star"1 потомство 2 приплод | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l (MK Oghuz.) 'season when animals give birth to their young; the newborn young' | face="Times New Roman Star"do"l 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"l 'bird ovary' | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 2 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.l 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"do"l 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"do"l 2, 'sperm' | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l-do"- 'to breed' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"l 'плодовитость; женская половая клетка' | face="Times New Roman Star"to"lu" 2, 'generation' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"l 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 274-276; EDT 490. Turk. > Mong. to"l 'new-born young animals'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*to":r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"honorary place in the house | face="Times New Roman Star"почетное место в юрте | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r (KB), to"re (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"r (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r (Pav. C.), to"re (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"(r) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r, tu"ri | face="Times New Roman Star"do"r (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to":r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"do"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"to"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"r | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 494, EDT 528-529, TMN 2, 607, Лексика 514. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do":rt | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"four | face="Times New Roman Star"четыре | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"(r)t | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt, tu"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rd | face="Times New Roman Star"do":rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tъw|vadъ | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"{do"rt} | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 534, VEWT 495, ЭСТЯ 3, 284-286, Stachowski 235. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do":l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"breast | face="Times New Roman Star"грудь | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? (MK, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? (Pav. C., MKypch. - CCum., AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"do":s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"l-l@k 'супонь' | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"s | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"s | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?, Todzh. do"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"s? | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 495, TMN 2, 615, EDT 558, ЭСТЯ 3, 286-287, Егоров 326, Лексика 271-272, Stachowski 235. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do"l/e- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to spread out (as mat) 2 mat, mattress | face="Times New Roman Star"1 расстилать (циновку) 2 циновка, подстилка, тюфяк | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2, (?) to"let 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?e- 1, do"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?@- 1, tu"s?@k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2 (Sangl., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.s?ak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?a"k, c?u"s?a"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"sek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?a"- 1, do"s?a"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"du"s?e- 1, du"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"ze- 1, to"zek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"z?e- 1, to"z?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"to"z?o"- 1, to"z?o"k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z?ek 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"do"z?e- 1, do"z?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"'he-n- 1, to"'hek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?o"- 1, to"s?o"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"so"- 1 (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"se- 1, to"sek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"s?@- 1, tu"s?@k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"do"s?e- 1, do"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?e- 1, to"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"to"se- 1, to"sek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"to"s?ek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 494, 561, 563, VEWT 495, TMN 2, 617, ЭСТЯ 3, 333-335. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*duj- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to perceive (by ears or nose), notice | face="Times New Roman Star"слышать, чуять, замечать | face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"duj- | face="Times New Roman Star"toj- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- | face="Times New Roman Star"duj- | face="Times New Roman Star"duj- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tuj-, refl. tojъn- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- | face="Times New Roman Star"toj- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"duj- | face="Times New Roman Star"duj-, tuj- | face="Times New Roman Star"tuj- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 497, EDT 567, ЭСТЯ 3, 290-291, Ашм. XIV, 92-94, Федотов 2, 241. Chuv. may be < Tatar. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tubn/a-k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hoof | face="Times New Roman Star"копыто |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tujag| (MK), tujnaq (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"dujnak | face="Times New Roman Star"tojaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tuwaq (Sangl., Abush.), (MKypch.) tujaq (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"tujo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"tuwaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujag|, tyjyg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tojnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujg|ax | face="Times New Roman Star"tujg|aq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujg|aq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tuj ax | face="Times New Roman Star"tun/ak | face="Times New Roman Star"dujug| | face="Times New Roman Star"dujug| (Рас. ФиЛ), tujug| | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tojaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq, dojnaq (< Turkm.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c'ynag| (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"tujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 499-500, EDT 519, Лексика 147, Stachowski 230. Chag., Uygh. tuwaq point to a labial *-b- in the stem, while Yak. -j- and -j- in other languages - to *-n/-: these reflexes can only be reconciled if we accept a cluster like *-bn/- in the protoform (perhaps a contraction < *tupi-nak or sim.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dul(k) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"widow, widower | face="Times New Roman Star"вдова, вдовец | face="Times New Roman Star"tul (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tul (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"dul | face="Times New Roman Star"tu>l | face="Times New Roman Star"tul (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"tul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dul | face="Times New Roman Star"dul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"tul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tъlъx 'orphan' | face="Times New Roman Star"tula:jax 'orphan' | face="Times New Roman Star"tula:jak 'widow; orphan' | face="Times New Roman Star"dulg|ujaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tulg|un/aq | face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"tu>l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu>l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dul | face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"tul |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tul | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 490, VEWT 497, ЭСТЯ 3, 292-293, Лексика 293, Ашм. XIV, 258-259, Федотов 2, 189, Stachowski 230. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tul(g)un| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 temple 2 plait | face="Times New Roman Star"1 висок, 2 коса | face="Times New Roman Star"tulun| (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tulun|/n 1 (MK), tulun (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"tulun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tolym 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tulg|um 1 (Vam.), (MKypch.) tulum 2 (CCum., Houts.), tulun| 1 (AH_ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tulyn 2 (ЯЖУ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"duluq 'cheek' (?) | face="Times New Roman Star"tulun| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tulun| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tulun| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tъlъm 'a tuft of wool left after shearing sheep' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tulum 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tulym | face="Times New Roman Star"tulym | face="Times New Roman Star"tolom 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tulym |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tulum 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 498, EDT 501, ДТС 585, Лексика 203-204. The Turkm. form is not quite clear: it has an aberrant (although semantically not very remote) meaning, suffix and voiced d-. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
