| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"resin, tar | face="Times New Roman Star"смола, деготь |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"sajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyr |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajyr | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Aj-na- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to chew 2 to bite | face="Times New Roman Star"1 жевать 2 кусать |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ig|ne-, c?ejne- 1 (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|jne|- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejna"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ejne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"jna"- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?i:ne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"cajna-, c?ajna-, c?ejne- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajna- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene-, c?a"ina"- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajna- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Рас. ФиЛ 168. Forms with t- in some Siberian languages are rather enigmatic. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?A:l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"grey, grey-headed | face="Times New Roman Star"серый, седой |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 'grey hair' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al 'having grey hair amid black hair' (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|l 'old man' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:l | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyr 'light-bay (horse); pepper-and-salt (hair)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al 'old man' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al | face="Times New Roman Star"sal | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 417, VEWT 96, TMN 2, 31, Аникин 640. Turk. > WMong. c?al, Kalm. cal, Khalkha cal bu:ral 'grey-haired, roan'; Russ. чалый. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade | face="Times New Roman Star"1 сбивать, ударять, бить, взбалтывать 2 точить 3 убивать, закалывать 4 косить 5 коса 6 жалить, закалывать 7 подметать 8 изрубить, отрубить 9 вид метлы, веник-голик 10 точить 11 оселок 12 покос 13 дать подножку 14 острие, лезвие | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?algy 9, c?algy orag|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|i u.ro|q 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|a 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al(y)- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6, 7, c?alg|y 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 10, 7, 6, c?alGy 5, 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol- 4, s/olъk 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyn- 'to fall abruptly' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aly- 10 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5, c?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 4, s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alqy 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alym 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 1, 4, calqy, calg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 4, c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Егоров 206, Федотов 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *c?a:l- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *c?al- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 turban 2 noose, lasso 3 to plait, wrap 4 to bind by throwing the rope 5 to become entangled 6 to entangle 7 band, strap 8 to bind around, wrap around 9 to plait | face="Times New Roman Star"1 тюрбан 2 аркан, лассо 3 заплетать, заворачивать 4 связывать захлестом, наметывать 5 заплетаться 6 запутать 7 тесьма, завязка 8 обвязывать, обматывать 9 плести |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, 'flask fastened to the saddle' (Pav. C., Sangl.), 'apron' (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-(mo|q) 4, c?alma 1; band, facing | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al-ma-s?- 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 3, c?als?yq 'entangled (of a rope)' | face="Times New Roman Star"salba (Sag.) 'лычко для метания камней' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 2, dial. (Leb.) c?aly- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?alba 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alys?qaq 'criss-crossing' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alg|yc? 7, c?alma 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alma 1, s?aluw 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 8, salma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alma 1, c?al- 9, c?alman 'wattle' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 8, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 8, calma 1, calman 'wattle' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 8 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 9, c?alma 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 420, VEWT 97, Лексика 395. Turk. > Mong. c?alma, salma 'lasso', see TMN 4, 316-317, Щербак 1997, 163 (although the meaning 'lasso' is not widely spread in Turkic, Doerfer suggests that it may have been the original, pre-Islamic, meaning of the derivative *c?al-ma). Note Chuv. c?ъw|lg|a- 'to entangle' - usually derived as a loanword < Tat. c?ulg|a- < PT *c?og-la-, but in this case one would rather expect c?ulg|a- - so the Chuv. form may actually reflect PT *c?ial-. The root is attested late, but does not seem to be borrowed, or a specialized development of *c?al- 'hit, chop' (as suggested in TMN). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a backbiting man 2 to exact a fine 3 claim 4 reproach 5 to be offended 6 to be angry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 клеветник 2 штрафовать 3 претензия, рекламация (юрид.) 4 упрек 5 обижаться 6 сердиться | face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?amg|uq 1 (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to attack, rob 3 chisel 4 hack, hoe, hatchet 5 to chop 6 to scythe, mow 7 to dig 8 to break 9 sharp 10 scythe 11 to whet, sharpen (a scythe) 12 metal shavings after forging 13 trap 14 whetstone for sharpening scythes 15 to whip 16 to hack, adze 17 shavings 18 booty 19 currycomb | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 нападать, грабить 3 резец 4 мотыга, тяпка, сечка 5 рубить 6 косить 7 копать (кетменем) 8 разламывать 9 острый 10 коса 11 точить (косу) 12 обсечки металла при ковке 13 капкан 14 брусок для точки кос 15 хлестать 16 тесать 17 стружка 18 добыча, трофей 19 скребница |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2, c?apla 3, c?apa 4, c?apak 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 6, 1, c?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|p- 5, 7, c?o|pqi 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqu 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p- 1, 5, 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2, c?apGy 4, c?apGyr 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1, 5, 6, saxpy, sapxy 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 6, s?apqy 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqy 10, 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/up- 1, 11, s/opkas/ 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"saba:- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 2, s?ap-ta- 15 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-ty 17, s?apty-la- 16 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 7, 1, c?apqy 4, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap/b- 6, 5, 1, sapqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ab- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apanaq 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"cap- 1; c?ap- 1, 5, c?apa 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-, c?a'- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, c?apg|y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Егоров 203, 219, Федотов 2, 85, 137-8, Ашм. XII, 247-249. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 big vessel, barrel, pail 2 basin | face="Times New Roman Star"1 большой сосуд, бочка, чан, кадка 2 бассейн, яма для стока воды | face="Times New Roman Star"c?opun 1 (OUygh., late - Suv.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?opul 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sapc?aq (AH) (OKypch.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"saban, sapc?ax 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/o"ps/e 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sabaraj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?opulaq 'spoon' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aps?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sapsaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"capcaq, c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aps?aq 'wooden vessel for shaking up milk' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apc?aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, ДТС 153, Егоров 223,Федотов 2, 148-149. Forms with -u- in the second syllable demonstrate vowel assimilation (c?opu- < *c?apu-). External parallels strongly suggest that the word is not derived from *c?ap- 'hit', but is an original noun. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ia:k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 time, measure 2 precisely, exactly | face="Times New Roman Star"1 время, пора 2 точно, впору | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 (late OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) c?aq 'when (conj.)' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|q 1, c?o|qum 'certainly' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:G 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ox 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 1, sag|a 'about (the time when, the size of)' | face="Times New Roman Star"haga 'about (the time when, the size of)'; sagyna 'while' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, s?aq-ly 'this much' | face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, c?aq-ly 'this much' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:q, c?aq 'up to' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag| (K), caq (H) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, Егоров 327, Лексика 67, EDT 404, ДТС 139, Федотов 2, 425, Stachowski 92-93, 208. Forms like Chag. c?ag|, Uygh. c?ag| or Tof. s?ag| 'time' are borrowed < Mong., but this cannot be assumed for most other forms quoted above. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)ak- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to strike fire 2 flint, fire steel | face="Times New Roman Star"1 высекать огонь 2 кремень, огниво | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ak- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- (Sangl.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq-tas? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ax- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yn 'spark' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqmaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sax- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'q- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aqpa 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|-/saq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|-/c?aq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 'to pull the trigger', c?aqma 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. c?akma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *c?ak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 whetstone 2 sickle 3 to whet | face="Times New Roman Star"1 точильный камень 2 серп 3 точить |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'mill stone', c?ar-la- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar-la- 3 (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/orla 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sardag|a, sarda:na 'short heavy arrow with a broad head' (Пек.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sar 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:r- 'to cut, stick in' (ССЯ: Udzh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'spool' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99-100, Егоров 221, Федотов 2, 143 (borrowing < FU *s/orva 'horn' is hardly credible). Bulg. > Hung. sarlo/ 'sickle', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 494-495. The root is certainly genuine, although some influence of the Iranian c?aryk, c?arx 'wheel' could have existed. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sa.c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to scatter, spatter, sow | face="Times New Roman Star"рассыпать, разбрасывать | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sas- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"ys- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a`z?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s- | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?-, c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 794, VEWT 392, Stachowski 262. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*s(i)ac? | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 hair (of head) 2 hair 3 hair (on back of head) 4 root | face="Times New Roman Star"1 волос (головы) 2 волос 3 волос (на затылке) 4 корень | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saz?|, sac? 1 (Pav. C., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sas 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:c? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"s/ 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"as 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"as 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?e's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sac? 1; sac?yx| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 391, EDT 794, Лексика 197, ЭСТЯ 7, Stachowski 38. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sac?uk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"fringe, handkerchief with a fringe | face="Times New Roman Star"бахрома, платок с бахромой |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sac?u (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?ak | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?aq | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?aq (Pav. C., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?o.q |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sac?aG | face="Times New Roman Star"sac?aq 'a k. of table-cloth' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?aq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sac?aq 'hand towel' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?aq | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?aq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?aq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sac?aq | face="Times New Roman Star"s?as?aq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ac?aq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 392, EDT 795, 796. Turk. *sac?ak > WMong. sac?ag|, c?ac?ag|, Kalm. cac@g (KW 423). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Eke-t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 coniferous forest 2 pistacio nut 3 (fruit) stone, seed 4 hazel-nut 5 wild jujube 6 young coniferous growth 7 bush, shrub 8 fir branch | face="Times New Roman Star"1 лес (хвойный) 2 фисташковый орех 3 косточка, семечко 4 лесной орех 5 дикая ююба 6 молодые хвойные поросли 7 кустарник 8 ветка ели |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?eki-r-tu"k 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eki-r-dek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?iki 4 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eke-r-dek, c?ekide| 5 (Pav. C., R - Babur) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?et 7 (R) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?et ag|as? 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?et 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ege-dek, c?ege-l-dek 8 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ege-r 7 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?eget 'forest, wood' (Karach.), 'North' (Balk.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekerdek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirdek, c?ekirdek 3, c?eger 'blackthorn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 867-868. Morphologically -t - is a collective suffix, -dak/-dyk - a denominative suffix. The word is attested in MK, but in an aberrant (dialectal) shape with s?-, and the meaning 'nut' is probably secondary, the original meaning of the root being 'coniferous tree, branch'. Several other plant names may be related, cf.: Chag. c?eke| 'berries found in the Fergana mountains'; Uzb. c?akanda 'облепиха крушиновидная', Uygh. c?a"ka"nda" 'a bush with red fruits' (R 3, 1947 Taranchi, mod. c?akanda 'a k. of thorny bush'), Az. c?a"kil 'mulberry'; Kirgh. South. c?ekende 'хвойник; кузьмичева трава; эфедра двуколосковая' (its pseudoberries are edible; despite Yudakhin, not < Iranian - the word is not attested in Persian). Turk. > Pers. c?a"ka"lda"k 'blackberry' (Гаффаров). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?eku"-rtke | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"locust, grasshopper | face="Times New Roman Star"саранча, кузнечик |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"rge (MK Oghuz; Tefs.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirge | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikertke| | face="Times New Roman Star"c?egu"rtke, c?ewu"rtke (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?igirtka | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eka"tka" |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirtge | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirtge | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yrtxy |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"saxsyrg|a 'fly' | face="Times New Roman Star"haksyrga 'fly' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ergi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirtke | face="Times New Roman Star"s?egirtke | face="Times New Roman Star"s?egertki | face="Times New Roman Star"sin|ertka" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirtke | face="Times New Roman Star"s?egirtke |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 416-417, Лексика 187, Stachowski 94. Forms like Tat. dial. sikertke are a result of contamination with *se:k- 'jump' (v. sub *sa:/ki). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?e.ke | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 temple 2 cheekbone | face="Times New Roman Star"1 висок 2 скула |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(MKypch.) c?eke 1 (At-Tuhf.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ige| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eke 'back of head' (Vam.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?akka 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?eka" 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekge 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ig@ 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?eke 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?eke 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?eke 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"sika" 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ege 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?eke 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?eke 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, TMN 3, 87f, Егоров 326, Лексика 203. Despite the lack of ancient attestation, the root is evidently archaic. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?El | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 film, membrane 2 albugo 3 mucus discharged by the eye 4 unhusked rice 5 thin bread, cake 6 husk in grain | face="Times New Roman Star"1 пленка, кожица, подмездрина 2 бельмо 3 глазной гной 4 неошелушенный рис 5 тонкая лепешка 6 шелуха в крупе |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?elpek 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?el-tik 4; c?elpik 3 (Red. only) | face="Times New Roman Star"cilen 'cow's afterbirth' (dial. КСТТ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?elpek 5 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alpak 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"lpa"k 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"l-tik 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?elpek 5, c?el-tik 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?el 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"l-tik 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?el 1, 2, c?elpek 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?el 2, 'fat under skin', s?elpek 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?el-te- 'to husk grain' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?elpek 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 418-419, Лексика 392. Ogh. c?el-tik > Pers. c?altuk, s?altu:k (despite VEWT 104). Turk. c?elpek > Pers. c?alpak (TMN 3, 1111). The meaning 'eye pus, mucus' in *c?el-pek developed under the influence of the similar *c?apak (see under *c?ap- 'plaster'), but the two roots should be clearly distinguished (despite EDT 418). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Emirc?ik | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"cartilage, gristle | face="Times New Roman Star"хрящ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?@m@j 'knucklebone' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?amaj 'cheekbone' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?emirc?ek 'хрящ на лопатке и мечевидном отростке' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?emirs?ek | face="Times New Roman Star"s?emirs?ek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?emirs?ek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251. Widely spread forms like Chag. ka"mirc?a"k are probably due to contamination with *kEmu"k 'bone' (v. sub *k`i_ome). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?e.r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bodily heaviness, constipation (euphem.) 2 rotten, foul 3 to rot 4 illness 5 dirt 6 to be sick, ill 7 rot 8 glue 9 anguish, sorrow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 запор (эвфем.) 2 гнилой, сгнивший 3 гнить 4 болезнь 5 грязь 6 болеть, хворать 7 труха, гниль 8 клей 9 тоска, скорбь |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 1 (MK), c?er-le-n- 'to be constipated; to suppurate (of eyes)' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 4, c?irk 5, c?iris? 'flour paste' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir 4, c?irla"- 4, c?ere- 3, c?erek 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir 'tumeur, clou', c?ire- 'se de/gou/\ter' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irk 'snuff; hardened wheel ointment' | face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"r 'horse's heart attack', c?a"rla"- 6, c?irk 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?irk '(dirty) spot; insult', c?errik 'illness (of cattle)' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ir, dial. c?e.r 4, s/@r- 3, 6, s/@r@k 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 9, 'hard tumour', c?erle- 'to be anguished', c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irenc? 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 4, 9, s?iri- 3, s?irik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 4, s?iri- 3, s?irik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sir 4, sere- 3, serek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?iri- 3, c?irik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?iris? 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"ciri-, c?iri- 3, cirik, c?irik 2, c?yrys? 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?er 9, s?ir- 3, s?irik 2, s?iris? 'slime' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?er 4, 9, c?iri- 3, c?irik 2, c?irkew 'maggots in rotten food' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 105, EDT 427, 430, TMN 1077, Егоров 211-212, 326, Федотов 2,111-112, 420. As Doerfer notes, Turkic forms of the type c?irkin 'dirty, nasty, ugly' (Chag., Tur., Gag., Tat., Uzb.) are rather borrowed from Persian c?irkin (which itself is derived from c?irk, borrowed < Turkic). |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
