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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Commentsface="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 greedy, miserly 2 wise, clever 3 to offer, sacrifice 4 to dare face="Times New Roman Star"1 æàäíûé, ñêóïîé 2 ìóäðûé, óìíûé 3 æåðòâîâàòü, ïðèíîñèòü â æåðòâó, ïîñâÿùàòü ñåáÿ 4 ñìåòü, ðåøàòüñÿ, ïîêóøàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|a 2, xyjtyx 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|a 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xúj- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-198 (confused with *Kyj- 'to cut aslant' which should be probably kept apart). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj(g)ak face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sedge face="Times New Roman Star"îñîêà face="Times New Roman Star"kyjak (dial.) 'marsh' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'leaves of cereals' face="Times New Roman Star"qijag| (Pav. C. ) 'cut dried grass' face="Times New Roman Star"qijo|q face="Times New Roman Star"qijaq 'grass' face="Times New Roman Star"gijax (dial.) 'grass name' face="Times New Roman Star"Gyjaq 'ïûðåé âîëîñàòûé' face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|anax face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|aq face="Times New Roman Star"qija:q 'soft plants as animal food' face="Times New Roman Star"xúja (ÝÑÒß: xújax) face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'îñòðåö', qyjg|aq 'sedge' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'grass name' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'leaves of cereals'; dial. qyjg|aq id., 'ïûðåé' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'bulb' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'reed leaves' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 201-202. Turk. > Mong. kijag id. (Kalm. ka:g, KW 222, Khalkha xiag, Bur. x/a:g, Ord. ka:g, cf. TMN 3, 566). Cf. also Karakh. (MK ) qajac?uq 'a fragrant mountain grass'. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr/-, *Kyrguj, *Kyragan face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 hawk, falcon 2 faultless (of a bird of prey) face="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿñòðåá, ñîêîë 2 ëîâêèé, áüþùèé áåç ïðîìàõà (î ëîâ÷åé ïòèöå) face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|uj 1 (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyrg|aj, kyrg|y 1, kuran (dial.) 'hawk', kyrkaw (dial., R.) 'a k. of hawk' face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|u (Pav. C. ), qyrg|y (Ettuhf. ) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qirg|ij 1, qiro|nqara 'îðåë-ìîãèëüíèê' face="Times New Roman Star"g|urg|uj, qarg|aj 1 (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrg|y 1 face="Times New Roman Star"xyza 1, xyrg|yjax 'young hawk' face="Times New Roman Star"x@rxi 1, x@re|n 'kite' face="Times New Roman Star"kyrbyj 'ñåðûé ñîêîë, ñîêîë-÷åãëîê, ÿñòðåá' (?) face="Times New Roman Star"qyra:n, qyran 1, 2, qyrg|yj, qyjg|yr 1, qyrg|yjek 'young hawk' face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|yr (dial.) 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj, qyrqyn, qyrxyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyran 2, qyrg|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyrg|yj 1 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 266, 269, EDT 654-655, ÝÑÒß 6, 231, 232-235. Turk. *Kyrguj 'falcon' > Mong. kirg|ui, see Ùåðáàê 1997 , 139. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:jn face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beat face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàêàçàíèå, øòðàô, âèíà 2 íàêàçûâàòü 3 æåñòîêîñòü, òèðàíèÿ 4 îñóæäàòü, ïîðèöàòü 5 òðóäíûé, òÿæåëûé 6 ìó÷èòü 7 îáèäà 8 îáèæàòü 9 áåäà, ìó÷åíèå 10 ãðåõ 11 ñåðäèòü, ðàçäðàæàòü 12 áèòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyjnyg| (acc.) (Orkh.), qyjn, qyn (OUygh.) 1, qyna- 2 (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn, qyjyn (KB ) 1, qyna- 2 (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyjyn, kyjync? 3, kyna- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 5, qyjyna- 'to make difficult, hard' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn (Abush. , Áîð. Áàä. , MA ), qyn (Pav. C. ), qyna- 2 (Sangl. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyn 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyna- 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qy:n 5, qy:na- 'to make difficult, torture' face="Times New Roman Star"xyjyx 7, xyjal 9 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjal 9, 10, qyjyq-ta- 8, qyjnag| 9 (*qyn/-lag|) face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qyjna- 6, qyjal 10, dial. (Áàñê. Òóáà ) qyj- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"x@n 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ky:nn/a:-, kyjaxa:- 11, kyj- 'to pain, ache' face="Times New Roman Star"kyjn|a- 11, kyj- 'to kill' face="Times New Roman Star"xyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjyt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6, qynz?-yl- 'to be distressed' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qejin 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. EDT 631, ÝÑÒß 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Ky:jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Ùåðáàê 1997 , 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kyjaxa:- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Ky:jn as *Kyjyn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. ki/n 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912 ). face="Times New Roman Star"*gejik face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 wild animal 2 bird 3 roe face="Times New Roman Star"1 äèêîå æèâîòíîå 2 ïòèöà 3 ëàíü face="Times New Roman Star"kejik 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"kejik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"gejik 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kejik 1 (Áîð. Áàä. ), kijik (MA , Abush. ) face="Times New Roman Star"kijik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kejik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"ki:k 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kajúk 1, 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kijik 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyq 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kijyx 'wild goat' (ÑÑß ) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 247, EDT 755, ÝÑÒß 5, 21-23, Ëåêñèêà 151-152. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyjm- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to move face="Times New Roman Star"äâèãàòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qymyt- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kymylda- face="Times New Roman Star"qim- face="Times New Roman Star"qimil 'movement' face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyldan- face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:mylda- face="Times New Roman Star"xyjmyra- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyqta- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyl 'movement' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmyl 'movement' face="Times New Roman Star"qyjmylda- 'øåâåëèòüñÿ' face="Times New Roman Star"qymylda- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyjl/- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to bow, bend face="Times New Roman Star"ãíóòüñÿ, êðèâèòüñÿ face="Times New Roman Star"qys?- (MK ) 'to deviate' face="Times New Roman Star"kys?- face="Times New Roman Star"qijs?aj- face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:s?ar- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjs?aj- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjsaqta- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjsaj- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjs?anda- face="Times New Roman Star"qyjsaj- < Nogh. face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 670, VEWT 268, TMN 3, 571-573. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl(k) face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"hair face="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñ face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (IM ) face="Times New Roman Star"qil face="Times New Roman Star"qil face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl face="Times New Roman Star"xyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (R.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"x@l@x face="Times New Roman Star"kyl face="Times New Roman Star"kyl 'sealine' face="Times New Roman Star"xyl face="Times New Roman Star"xyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"qyl face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Ëåêñèêà 196, ÝÑÒß 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to do, to make face="Times New Roman Star"äåëàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Orkh., OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Pav. C. , MA ) face="Times New Roman Star"qil- face="Times New Roman Star"qil- face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"xyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"@s/-x@l 'äåëà/' face="Times New Roman Star"kyn- face="Times New Roman Star"gyn- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 616, VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 205-206, Stachowski 88. Turk. *kyl-ync? 'deed' > Mong. kilinc?e 'sin' (see Clark 1980 , 43). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyla-gu face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 snow-flakes in windless weather 2 hoar-frost 3 first snow face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñíåæèíêè, ïàäàþùèå ïðè òèõîé ïîãîäå 2 èíåé, èçìîðîçü 3 ïåðâàÿ ïîðîøà face="Times New Roman Star"qylamyq 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qylaw 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qylaw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qylaw 2 face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 207. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl-ga- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"beard (of grain), awn face="Times New Roman Star"îñòü (êîëîñà) face="Times New Roman Star"Gylg|a (dial.) 'third harvest on virgin soil' face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|a face="Times New Roman Star"qylg|an, qylg|a face="Times New Roman Star"xyl/úx face="Times New Roman Star"kyla:n face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|an face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan face="Times New Roman Star"qylg|an (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 127, ÝÑÒß 6, 208-209. The Kypchak names of "meadowgrass" (Kirgh. qylqan etc., see Ëåêñèêà ibid., ÝÑÒß 6, 208) are most probably borrowed from Mongolian. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyly face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"handle, ear (of a kettle, bucket) face="Times New Roman Star"ðó÷êà, óøêî (÷àéíèêà, âåäðà) face="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qyl (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|a, xylc?y face="Times New Roman Star"qylc?y face="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qyld/y face="Times New Roman Star"kyld/y face="Times New Roman Star"qyly face="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qylys (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 209-210. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyly:c? face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sword face="Times New Roman Star"ìå÷ face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"kylyc?, kylyz?| face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qilic? face="Times New Roman Star"qilic? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyz?| face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"xylys face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"Gyli:c? face="Times New Roman Star"x@s/ face="Times New Roman Star"kylys, kyly:s face="Times New Roman Star"xylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"qylys? face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 570, ÝÑÒß 6, 212-214. Cf. also *Kyla-gu 'blade' (VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 207-208). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"ant face="Times New Roman Star"ìóðàâåé face="Times New Roman Star"qumursg|a (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"komursg|a (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyrmysqa face="Times New Roman Star"qumursxa (Pav. C. ), qumursug|a (AH ) face="Times New Roman Star"qumursqa face="Times New Roman Star"Gumursg|a face="Times New Roman Star"xumusxa, xymysxa face="Times New Roman Star"qymyrtas?, qumystas? face="Times New Roman Star"qomursqa face="Times New Roman Star"Gumurg|a:c? face="Times New Roman Star"kymyrdag|as face="Times New Roman Star"qymysqajaq face="Times New Roman Star"qumursqa face="Times New Roman Star"qumyrsqa face="Times New Roman Star"qumyrsqa face="Times New Roman Star"qymyrt|qa face="Times New Roman Star"qumursxa, qumursqa, qumurc?xa face="Times New Roman Star"qumurstqa, qumurstqu face="Times New Roman Star"qumusqa, qomusq@n face="Times New Roman Star"xomursg|a face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 628, VEWT 300, Ëåêñèêà 183-184, ÝÑÒß 6, 140-141. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kum- / *Kym- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"to wrap, tuck face="Times New Roman Star"ïîäâîðà÷èâàòü, ïîäòûêàòü face="Times New Roman Star"qymty- face="Times New Roman Star"qimti- face="Times New Roman Star"qym- face="Times New Roman Star"kumuj- face="Times New Roman Star"qumza 'package' face="Times New Roman Star"qymty- face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-, qymta- face="Times New Roman Star"qymty- face="Times New Roman Star"qymty- face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-, qymta- face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 301, ÝÑÒß 6, 221-223. face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:n face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"sheath, scabbard face="Times New Roman Star"íîæíû, ÷åõîë face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (MK , KB ) face="Times New Roman Star"kyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (Pav. C. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qin, (Khorazm dial.) qyjn face="Times New Roman Star"qin face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (ßÆÓ ) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:n face="Times New Roman Star"xyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@, dial. @n@ face="Times New Roman Star"ky:n face="Times New Roman Star"xyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"qyn face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 630-631, Åãîðîâ 79, Ëåêñèêà 571, ÝÑÒß 6, 217-218. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn|- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"bent, oblique face="Times New Roman Star"ñîãíóòûé, êîñîé face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (OUygh.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (MK ) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (Ettuhf. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qin|g|ir face="Times New Roman Star"qin|i(r) face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"kyn|nar 'êðèâî, êîñî' face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (dial.) face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264-265, EDT 639, ÝÑÒß 6, 220-221. OT qyn|raq 'curved dagger' > WMong. kig|ira, kin|gara (Kalm. ki:r@, Khalkha x/an|gar). face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyp face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"fabric face="Times New Roman Star"òêàíü face="Times New Roman Star"xyp 'lining, covering' face="Times New Roman Star"kybyas 'øåðñòü îëåíÿ ðàííèì ëåòîì' face="Times New Roman Star"qypyq 'kerchief, sash' face="Times New Roman Star"qyptyr 'ïåðåøèòàÿ â ïîäáîðêó (î øóáå)' face="Times New Roman Star"qyppa 'skein, clew' face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr- face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 to break, demolish 2 small 3 to scrape, shave face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ìàëåíüêèé 3 ñêðåñòè, áðèòü face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 'to scrape; to tear out' face="Times New Roman Star"kyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 (Pav. C. ), 1, 'to cut off' (Áîð. Áàä. ) face="Times New Roman Star"qir- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 3, 'to cut' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"x@r- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265; EDT 643; TMN 3, 567, Ëåêñèêà 382, ÝÑÒß 6, 227-229, Stachowski 168, 170. The Yak. form kyra 'small' is a rather transparent semantical derivative, although it is not usually listed among the reflexes of PT *Kyr-. face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology face="Times New Roman Star"1 isolated mountain 2 mountain top, mountain ridge 3 steppe, desert, level ground 4 edge face="Times New Roman Star"1 îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùàÿ ãîðà 2 âåðøèíà ãîðû, ãðåáåíü ãîðû, âîçâûøåííîñòü 3 ñòåïü, ïóñòûíÿ, ðàâíèíà 4 êðàé face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 1 (MK , KB ), 'rising ground' (IM ,14 c.) face="Times New Roman Star"kyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (Sangl. ), qir (Pav. C. ) 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qir 2, 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qir 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"xyr 2, 'roof' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"xir 3 face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtas 2; kyrdal 'hill' face="Times New Roman Star"kyrdal 'hill' face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4 face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3 face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641, VEWT 265, Ëåêñèêà 95-96, ÝÑÒß 6, 225, Stachowski 169. Derived is PT *Kyran 'edge, ridge' (ÝÑÒß 6, 226); but note that modern forms like Turkm. Gyra, Tuva qyra etc. are borrowed < Mong. kira.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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