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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*de.rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sweatface="Times New Roman Star"потface="Times New Roman Star"ter (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ter (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"tirface="Times New Roman Star"ter (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"ta"r
face="Times New Roman Star"da"r (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"derface="Times New Roman Star"tirface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"tar, te.r (NW)face="Times New Roman Star"tir-it- 'to sweat'
face="Times New Roman Star"der
face="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"tirface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"terface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 474, EDT 528, ЭСТЯ 3, 203-204. Chuvash dialects show a variation between e/e..
face="Times New Roman Star"*de.rekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 poplar 2 treeface="Times New Roman Star"1 тополь 2 дерево
face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tirek (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"tire|k 1face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 (Abush., Sangl., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"terak 1face="Times New Roman Star"dera"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"derek 1face="Times New Roman Star"tirek 1face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tirek 1face="Times New Roman Star"tirex 1
face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1face="Times New Roman Star"tira"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2
face="Times New Roman Star"terak 2face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 543, ЭСТЯ 3, 205-206, Лексика 105, 134-135. Iranian origin is quite improbable.
face="Times New Roman Star"*derin|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"deepface="Times New Roman Star"глубокийface="Times New Roman Star"terin| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"terin| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"derinface="Times New Roman Star"tira"nface="Times New Roman Star"terin| (Sangl.), teren| (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"teran

face="Times New Roman Star"da"rinface="Times New Roman Star"deri:n| (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"tiren|face="Times New Roman Star"teren|face="Times New Roman Star"teren|
face="Times New Roman Star"tarъnface="Times New Roman Star"dirin|
face="Times New Roman Star"teren|face="Times New Roman Star"deren|face="Times New Roman Star"teren|face="Times New Roman Star"teren|face="Times New Roman Star"terenface="Times New Roman Star"ta"ra"nface="Times New Roman Star"terenface="Times New Roman Star"derinface="Times New Roman Star"terenface="Times New Roman Star"teren|
face="Times New Roman Star"terenface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 551, ЭСТЯ 3, 208-209, Федотов 2, 179.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Te.rKe-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to observe, researchface="Times New Roman Star"исследовать, обдумывать, расследовать



face="Times New Roman Star"te/irke- 1 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"terga- 'to interrogate'face="Times New Roman Star"ta"rga"w 'examination, inquiry'






face="Times New Roman Star"tirge- 'to judge, discriminate'



face="Times New Roman Star"terge-face="Times New Roman Star"terge-face="Times New Roman Star"terge-
face="Times New Roman Star"terge-
face="Times New Roman Star"terge-face="Times New Roman Star"terge-
face="Times New Roman Star"terge-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, Федотов 2, 236-237 (the meaning `judge, discriminate' cannot be explained from Arab. terk `leave').
face="Times New Roman Star"*de.riface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"skinface="Times New Roman Star"кожаface="Times New Roman Star"teri (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"teri (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"deriface="Times New Roman Star"tireface="Times New Roman Star"teri (MA, Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"teriface="Times New Roman Star"tera"face="Times New Roman Star"teryface="Times New Roman Star"da"riface="Times New Roman Star"deriface="Times New Roman Star"te:rface="Times New Roman Star"tereface="Times New Roman Star"tereface="Times New Roman Star"teriface="Times New Roman Star"tir@face="Times New Roman Star"tiri:face="Times New Roman Star"tiri:
face="Times New Roman Star"tere (Рас. ФиЛ)face="Times New Roman Star"teriface="Times New Roman Star"teriface="Times New Roman Star"teriface="Times New Roman Star"tireface="Times New Roman Star"teriface="Times New Roman Star"deriface="Times New Roman Star"teryface="Times New Roman Star"teriface="Times New Roman Star"ci:ryface="Times New Roman Star"teriface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 530, ЭСТЯ 3, 207-208, Лексика 383, Stachowski 223.
face="Times New Roman Star"*del/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to make holesface="Times New Roman Star"продырявливать
face="Times New Roman Star"tes?- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"des?-face="Times New Roman Star"tis?-face="Times New Roman Star"tes?- (Sangl., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"tes?-face="Times New Roman Star"ta"s?-
face="Times New Roman Star"des?-
face="Times New Roman Star"tis-
face="Times New Roman Star"tes?-

face="Times New Roman Star"tes-face="Times New Roman Star"tes-face="Times New Roman Star"des?-face="Times New Roman Star"des?-face="Times New Roman Star"tes?-face="Times New Roman Star"tes-face="Times New Roman Star"tes-face="Times New Roman Star"tis?-face="Times New Roman Star"tes?-face="Times New Roman Star"des?-face="Times New Roman Star"tes?-face="Times New Roman Star"tes-
face="Times New Roman Star"tes?-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 476, EDT 559, ЭСТЯ 3, 210-212, TMN 2, 657, Stachowski 221.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tEr/ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dungface="Times New Roman Star"навозface="Times New Roman Star"tezek (OUygh. - YB)face="Times New Roman Star"tezek (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"tiza"k, kiza"kface="Times New Roman Star"tezek (Sangl., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"tezakface="Times New Roman Star"teza"k
face="Times New Roman Star"ta"za"kface="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"tizekface="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"ta"za"kface="Times New Roman Star"? tir@s

face="Times New Roman Star"de's 'clotted blood'face="Times New Roman Star"de's 'clotted blood' (Рас. ФиЛ)face="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"tid|a"kface="Times New Roman Star"tezgekface="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"tez'akface="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"tesex, to"zex (ССЯ)face="Times New Roman Star"tezekface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477, TMN 2, 508, EDT 574, Федотов 2, 236. Chuv. > Tat., Bashk. tires.
face="Times New Roman Star"*de.g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to touch, to reachface="Times New Roman Star"дотрагиваться, достигатьface="Times New Roman Star"teg- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"teg- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"dej-face="Times New Roman Star"tij-face="Times New Roman Star"teg- (Sangl., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"deg-face="Times New Roman Star"ta"g-
face="Times New Roman Star"da"j-face="Times New Roman Star"deg-face="Times New Roman Star"tig-face="Times New Roman Star"teg-face="Times New Roman Star"tij-face="Times New Roman Star"ta"j-face="Times New Roman Star"tiv-face="Times New Roman Star"ti:-j-face="Times New Roman Star"ti:j-face="Times New Roman Star"deg-face="Times New Roman Star"deg-face="Times New Roman Star"tij-face="Times New Roman Star"tij-face="Times New Roman Star"tij-face="Times New Roman Star"tej-face="Times New Roman Star"tij-face="Times New Roman Star"di-face="Times New Roman Star"tij-face="Times New Roman Star"tij-
face="Times New Roman Star"tij-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 468-469, EDT 476, ЭСТЯ 3, 173-175, Stachowski 224. Sal. des?-, dial. tes?-, tejis?- 'to burn' must be derived from the same root ("to reach fire"). A very complicated issue is the relationship of this root to PT *de:k, *de:ki- 'to, up to' (usually acting as a postposition) - see ЭСТЯ 2, 182-185, EDT 477 (added should be also Yak. dieki 'in the direction of', Dolg. diek, diegi 'side', see Stachowski 79). The phonology here is quite puzzling: one would be tempted to regard the medial -k- as an archaism (see below on the irregularity of *-g- in Turkic), but the open long *-e:- presents great difficulties (since the verbal root itself most definitely has a short closed *-e.-). A possible solution is to correct the reconstruction *de:k(i) to *de.ge-ki and regard the *-k(i) as an original locative suffix; this seems plausible because another attested form of the postposition is *de.gi-n (cf. especially reflexes like Tat. dial. tin|, KKalp. dejin, Kaz. deji>n, Nogh. dejim).
face="Times New Roman Star"*de.g-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to cost, to be worth 2 price 3 to change, exchange 4 allotment, portion 5 worth 6 change, exchangeface="Times New Roman Star"1 стоить, быть достойным 2 цена 3 изменять(ся), обмениваться 4 доля (причитающееся) 5 достойный, положенный 6 перемена, обменface="Times New Roman Star"teg-im 1, teg-im-lig 5, teg-ir 4 (OUygh.), teg-s?-il-, teg-s?-u"r- 3 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"teg- 1 (MK - ДТС), teg-ir 4 (MK), teg-is? 5 (KB), 'given in exchange' (MK), teg-s?-u"t 'exchange price' (MK), teg-s?-u"r-u"l- 3 (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"deg|- 1, dejer 2, deg|-im (dial.) 2, dejis? 6, dejis?- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar.) deg- 1, (OKypch.) deg-ir 2, teg-is? 2 (Sangl.), teg-is?- 3 (Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tegis?- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"da"ja"r 2, da"jis?- 3face="Times New Roman Star"deg- 1, degis?- 3



face="Times New Roman Star"tiv@s/ 'debt'








face="Times New Roman Star"di:s? 6, di:s?- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tij- 1, degis?- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"tij- 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 482, 485, 487, 488, ЭСТЯ 3, 181-182, 179-180, Лексика 338. Usually regarded as a development of *de.g- 'to touch, reach', which is somewhat dubious semantically; external parallels also seem to indicate that the two roots are originally distinct.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dik-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to plant vertically 2 verticalface="Times New Roman Star"1 ставить, сажать вертикально 2 вертикальныйface="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"dik- 1, dik 2face="Times New Roman Star"teka"- 1, teka" 2face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2face="Times New Roman Star"tyk- 1face="Times New Roman Star"dik 2, dik-a"-l- (refl.) 1, tik- 'to build'face="Times New Roman Star"dik- 1, dik 2face="Times New Roman Star"t@k- 'to set up a house'

face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ik- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tik-, tyk- 'to sting; to sew'face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 'to sew'

face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2face="Times New Roman Star"teka" 2, teka"- 'упирать, устремлять взгляд'face="Times New Roman Star"tik 'крутой'face="Times New Roman Star"dik- 1, dik 2face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tik- 1, tik 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 475-476, ЭСТЯ 3, 224-227, Егоров 325, Федотов 2, 417-418, Stachowski 223.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tu":kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 feather 2 (animal's) hair 3 (body) hair 4 fur 5 hairface="Times New Roman Star"1 перо 2 шерсть (животного) 3 волос (на теле) 4 мех 5 волосface="Times New Roman Star"tu" 1, 3 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tu" 3 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"tu"j 1-5face="Times New Roman Star"to"k 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k, tu"j, tu"g 3 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"tuk 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 1,2,3,5face="Times New Roman Star"tu"j 2,3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ti:k 3face="Times New Roman Star"t@w|k 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu": 1, 2, 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"tu": 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"du"k 3, 5face="Times New Roman Star"du"k (Рас. ФиЛ), tu"k 2, 3, 5face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"to"k 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"j 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tik, t/uk 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 1, 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"tu"x, z|/u"x 2 (ССЯ)face="Times New Roman Star"tu"k 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 503; EDT 433 (: originally only 'body hair', opposed to sac? 'hair of head', kyl 'hair (in general)' and ju"g 'feather'); Лексика 197-198; Stachowski 236. Loss of *-k in OT and Yak. is not quite clear (perhaps a rather unique development of the final *-u":k).
face="Times New Roman Star"*di:ri-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to live 2 alive 3 to reviveface="Times New Roman Star"1 жить 2 живой 3 оживатьface="Times New Roman Star"tirig 2, tiri-l- 3 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tirig 2, tiri-l- 3 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"diri 2, diri-l- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tere, terek 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiri (Abush.), tirik, tirig (Sangl.) 2, tiri-l- 3 (Sangl.), (MKypch.) tiri1 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"tirik 2face="Times New Roman Star"tirik 2face="Times New Roman Star"terik 2face="Times New Roman Star"diri 2, diri-l- 3face="Times New Roman Star"di:ri 2face="Times New Roman Star"t@r@g 2face="Times New Roman Star"tirig 2, tiri-l- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tiru" 2, tiri-l- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?@r@ 2face="Times New Roman Star"tilin- 'to revive'face="Times New Roman Star"tillij- 'to revive'face="Times New Roman Star"dirig 2, diri-l- 3face="Times New Roman Star"dirig 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiri, tirik, tiru": 2, tiri-l- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2face="Times New Roman Star"tere 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2face="Times New Roman Star"diri 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 481, EDT 529, 543-544, 547-548, ЭСТЯ 3, 240-242, Егоров 324, Федотов 414, Stachowski 223.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Terkiface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"table, portable tableface="Times New Roman Star"столик
face="Times New Roman Star"tergi (MK, KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"tirki (CCum.)



















face="Times New Roman Star"tirki 'sacrificial table'


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 544.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dir/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to bead, string 2 arrange in a rowface="Times New Roman Star"1 нанизывать 2 располагать в рядface="Times New Roman Star"tiz- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"diz- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tez- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiz-, tu"z- (Abush., Sangl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"du"z- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"du"z- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"t@s-, c?@s- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tis- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tis- 1face="Times New Roman Star"tis- 1face="Times New Roman Star"dis- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ted|e- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"diz- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 1, tu"z- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"diz- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tiz- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 482, EDT 572, ЭСТЯ 3, 218-220, Stachowski 223. The word (with the meaning 'to arrange in a row') interacts with *du"r/ 'even, level' (v. sub *c?i_ur/i).
face="Times New Roman Star"*dy:d-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to hinder, obstructface="Times New Roman Star"препятствовать, задерживатьface="Times New Roman Star"tyd- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tyd|- (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"tyj-face="Times New Roman Star"tyj- (Sangl., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"tij-


face="Times New Roman Star"dyj-, dy:-g|y 'stop'face="Times New Roman Star"tys-
face="Times New Roman Star"tijin- 'to restrain (oneself)'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar-face="Times New Roman Star"ty:t- 'touch'face="Times New Roman Star"ty:t- 'touch'

face="Times New Roman Star"tyj-face="Times New Roman Star"tyj-face="Times New Roman Star"tyj-face="Times New Roman Star"tyj-face="Times New Roman Star"tyj-
face="Times New Roman Star"tyj-face="Times New Roman Star"tyj-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477, EDT 450, Мудрак Дисс. 36, Федотов 2, 391, Stachowski 239.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dyl / *dilface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tongue; languageface="Times New Roman Star"языкface="Times New Roman Star"tyl (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tyl (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"dilface="Times New Roman Star"telface="Times New Roman Star"til (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"dylface="Times New Roman Star"dilface="Times New Roman Star"dilface="Times New Roman Star"t@lface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"c?@lg|e; c?@l@x 'пищик в гармошке'face="Times New Roman Star"tylface="Times New Roman Star"tylface="Times New Roman Star"dylface="Times New Roman Star"dyl, tylface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"telface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"dil/face="Times New Roman Star"tyl, tilface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"cilface="Times New Roman Star"tilface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 478, EDT 489-90, ЭСТЯ 3, 228-229, Егоров 323, Лексика 227, Stachowski 237.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dy:nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 spirit, breath 2 rest 3 to rest 4 to pant 5 to breathe 6 quiet 7 sultrinessface="Times New Roman Star"1 дыхание, дух 2 отдых 3 отдыхать 4 задыхаться 5 дышать 6 спокойный 7 духотаface="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1 (MK, KB), tyn 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, din-le- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"tyn- 3 (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tin- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tin- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tync?-yx- 4, dinc? 2face="Times New Roman Star"dy:nc? 2face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5, tyn-a-n- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5, tyn-a-n- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, 2, tyn- 5face="Times New Roman Star"tinc? 6face="Times New Roman Star"c?@m 1face="Times New Roman Star"ty:n 1, ty:n- 5face="Times New Roman Star"ty:n 1, ty:n- 5face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 3, 5face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys 1, tyn-s?-yq- 4, tyn-s?-a-j- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn-s-yw 7face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tyn-c?-y- 'to rot, addle', tyn-c?-aj- 3, tyn-ym 2face="Times New Roman Star"din-ne-n- 3face="Times New Roman Star"tyn- 5, tync 2face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys? 1, tyn-c?-aj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 478, EDT 512, ЭСТЯ 3, 341-345, Мудрак Дисс. 38-39, Stachowski 238, 239. Some Oghuz reflexes have voiceless t-, probably because of Kypchak influence; still the reconstruction of *d- seems preferable.
face="Times New Roman Star"*tyky-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to stuff in, press inface="Times New Roman Star"набивать, вдавливать, втыкатьface="Times New Roman Star"tyq- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"tyka-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"tiq-face="Times New Roman Star"tiq-
face="Times New Roman Star"tyx-face="Times New Roman Star"dyq-face="Times New Roman Star"tyx-face="Times New Roman Star"tyqta-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yx-

face="Times New Roman Star"dyg|y-face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|y-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-
face="Times New Roman Star"tyqa-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-
face="Times New Roman Star"tyq-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477-478, EDT 465, ЭСТЯ 3, 337-340, Мудрак 75. The Turkm. form with a voiced d- is quite irregular and probably reflects a merger with *dik- `to insert, plant vertically'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*dyrn|a-kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"finger-nail, clawface="Times New Roman Star"ноготь, коготьface="Times New Roman Star"tyrn|aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tyrn|aq (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnakface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrn|aq/tyrn|ag| (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"tirno|qface="Times New Roman Star"tirnaqface="Times New Roman Star"d@rmaqface="Times New Roman Star"dyrnaGface="Times New Roman Star"dyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrg|axface="Times New Roman Star"tyrg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrGaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"c?@rneface="Times New Roman Star"tyn|yraxface="Times New Roman Star"tyn|yrakface="Times New Roman Star"dyrg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"dyrg|aq 'comb'face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaxface="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"z|yrna(:)x|face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaqface="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *dyrn|a- 'to scratch, scrape'. See VEWT 465, 479, TMN 3, 200 (there are no reasons to postulate different roots here: we have obviously a case of a complicated behaviour of the medial -n|-); EDT 551, 549-50, ЭСТЯ III 345-349, Егоров 324, Дыбо 312, 323-325, Лексика 258, Stachowski 238.
face="Times New Roman Star"*di:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"toothface="Times New Roman Star"зубface="Times New Roman Star"tis? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"tys? (MK), tis? (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"dis?face="Times New Roman Star"tes?face="Times New Roman Star"tis? (MA, Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"tis?face="Times New Roman Star"tis?, c?is?face="Times New Roman Star"dysface="Times New Roman Star"dis?face="Times New Roman Star"di:s?face="Times New Roman Star"t@sface="Times New Roman Star"tis?face="Times New Roman Star"dis?face="Times New Roman Star"ti:s?
face="Times New Roman Star"ti:sface="Times New Roman Star"ti:sface="Times New Roman Star"dis?face="Times New Roman Star"dis?face="Times New Roman Star"tis?face="Times New Roman Star"tisface="Times New Roman Star"tisface="Times New Roman Star"tes?face="Times New Roman Star"tis?face="Times New Roman Star"dis?face="Times New Roman Star"tys?face="Times New Roman Star"tisface="Times New Roman Star"cis?face="Times New Roman Star"tis?face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 481, EDT 557, 564-5, ЭСТЯ 3, 242-244, Лексика 228, Stachowski 224. Cf. also PT *di:l/-le- 'to bite'.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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