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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 greedy, miserly 2 wise, clever 3 to offer, sacrifice 4 to dareface="Times New Roman Star"1 æàäíûé, ñêóïîé 2 ìóäðûé, óìíûé 3 æåðòâîâàòü, ïðèíîñèòü â æåðòâó, ïîñâÿùàòü ñåáÿ 4 ñìåòü, ðåøàòüñÿ, ïîêóøàòüñÿ

face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|a 2, xyjtyx 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xúj- 4



face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-198 (confused with *Kyj- 'to cut aslant' which should be probably kept apart).
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ajaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 rock 2 mountain 3 slopeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñêàëà 2 ãîðà 3 ñêëîíface="Times New Roman Star"qaja (Orkh., OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyja 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaja (Houts., AH, Ettuhf., Pav. C.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qo|je| 1face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qija 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Ga:ja, Gaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1

face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 2face="Times New Roman Star"kaja 2face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"xaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1, qyja 3 ('oblique slope' - through contamination with *kyj- 'oblique')
face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaja 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qyja 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221, TMN 3, 565, EDT 674-5, ÝÑÒß 5, 198-199, Ëåêñèêà 96, Stachowski 133.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj(g)akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sedgeface="Times New Roman Star"îñîêà

face="Times New Roman Star"kyjak (dial.) 'marsh'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'leaves of cereals'face="Times New Roman Star"qijag| (Pav. C.) 'cut dried grass'face="Times New Roman Star"qijo|qface="Times New Roman Star"qijaq 'grass'
face="Times New Roman Star"gijax (dial.) 'grass name'face="Times New Roman Star"Gyjaq 'ïûðåé âîëîñàòûé'face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|anax
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"qija:q 'soft plants as animal food'face="Times New Roman Star"xúja (ÝÑÒß: xújax)



face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'îñòðåö', qyjg|aq 'sedge'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'grass name'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaqface="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'leaves of cereals'; dial. qyjg|aq id., 'ïûðåé'

face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'bulb'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'reed leaves'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 201-202. Turk. > Mong. kijag id. (Kalm. ka:g, KW 222, Khalkha xiag, Bur. x/a:g, Ord. ka:g, cf. TMN 3, 566). Cf. also Karakh. (MK) qajac?uq 'a fragrant mountain grass'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:jnface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beatface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàêàçàíèå, øòðàô, âèíà 2 íàêàçûâàòü 3 æåñòîêîñòü, òèðàíèÿ 4 îñóæäàòü, ïîðèöàòü 5 òðóäíûé, òÿæåëûé 6 ìó÷èòü 7 îáèäà 8 îáèæàòü 9 áåäà, ìó÷åíèå 10 ãðåõ 11 ñåðäèòü, ðàçäðàæàòü 12 áèòüface="Times New Roman Star"qyjnyg| (acc.) (Orkh.), qyjn, qyn (OUygh.) 1, qyna- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn, qyjyn (KB) 1, qyna- 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kyjyn, kyjync? 3, kyna- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 5, qyjyna- 'to make difficult, hard'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn (Abush., Áîð. Áàä., MA), qyn (Pav. C.), qyna- 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyna- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qy:n 5, qy:na- 'to make difficult, torture'face="Times New Roman Star"xyjyx 7, xyjal 9face="Times New Roman Star"qyjal 9, 10, qyjyq-ta- 8, qyjnag| 9 (*qyn/-lag|)face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qyjna- 6, qyjal 10, dial. (Áàñê. Òóáà) qyj- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"x@n 1face="Times New Roman Star"ky:nn/a:-, kyjaxa:- 11, kyj- 'to pain, ache'face="Times New Roman Star"kyjn|a- 11, kyj- 'to kill'face="Times New Roman Star"xyjna- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjyt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6, qynz?-yl- 'to be distressed'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qejin 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. EDT 631, ÝÑÒß 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Ky:jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kyjaxa:- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Ky:jn as *Kyjyn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. ki/n 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912).
face="Times New Roman Star"*gejikface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 wild animal 2 bird 3 roeface="Times New Roman Star"1 äèêîå æèâîòíîå 2 ïòèöà 3 ëàíüface="Times New Roman Star"kejik 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kejik 1face="Times New Roman Star"gejik 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"kejik 1 (Áîð. Áàä.), kijik (MA, Abush.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kijik 1

face="Times New Roman Star"kejik 1face="Times New Roman Star"ki:k 1


face="Times New Roman Star"kajúk 1, 2



face="Times New Roman Star"kijik 1

face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyq 1



face="Times New Roman Star"kijyx 'wild goat' (ÑÑß)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 247, EDT 755, ÝÑÒß 5, 21-23, Ëåêñèêà 151-152.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl(k)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hairface="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qilface="Times New Roman Star"qilface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"Gylface="Times New Roman Star"Gylface="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"x@l@xface="Times New Roman Star"kylface="Times New Roman Star"kyl 'sealine'face="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl
face="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Ëåêñèêà 196, ÝÑÒß 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to do, to makeface="Times New Roman Star"äåëàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl- (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qil-face="Times New Roman Star"qil-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"xyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"@s/-x@l 'äåëà/'face="Times New Roman Star"kyn-face="Times New Roman Star"gyn-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyl-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 616, VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 205-206, Stachowski 88. Turk. *kyl-ync? 'deed' > Mong. kilinc?e 'sin' (see Clark 1980, 43).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyly:c?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"swordface="Times New Roman Star"ìå÷face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kylyc?, kylyz?|face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc? (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qilic?face="Times New Roman Star"qilic?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyz?|face="Times New Roman Star"Gylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"xylysface="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"Gyli:c?face="Times New Roman Star"x@s/face="Times New Roman Star"kylys, kyly:s
face="Times New Roman Star"xylys?
face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?face="Times New Roman Star"qylysface="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"qylys?
face="Times New Roman Star"qylyc?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 570, ÝÑÒß 6, 212-214. Cf. also *Kyla-gu 'blade' (VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 207-208).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kylyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"handle, ear (of a kettle, bucket)face="Times New Roman Star"ðó÷êà, óøêî (÷àéíèêà, âåäðà)


face="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qyl (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|a, xylc?yface="Times New Roman Star"qylc?yface="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qyld/y

face="Times New Roman Star"kyld/y



face="Times New Roman Star"qyly
face="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qylys (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, ÝÑÒß 6, 209-210.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kym-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to wish, intend 2 to persuadeface="Times New Roman Star"1 æåëàòü, íàìåðåâàòüñÿ 2 óáåæäàòü


face="Times New Roman Star"qymyn- (Sib.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qymsa-n- 1






face="Times New Roman Star"qym- 2, qymzyn- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@mlen- 'âäîõíîâëÿòüñÿ, âîîäóøåâëÿòüñÿ'face="Times New Roman Star"kyma:rda:-, kuma:rda:- 'çàáîòèòüñÿ, áåñïîêîèòüñÿ', kumsugur- 'çàâèäîâàòü'






face="Times New Roman Star"qymtym 'æåëàíèå'




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kumyr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"fermented milkface="Times New Roman Star"ìîëî÷íûé ñïèðòíîé íàïèòîê
face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kymyzface="Times New Roman Star"qymyzface="Times New Roman Star"qymyz (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qimizface="Times New Roman Star"qimiz
face="Times New Roman Star"Gymyzface="Times New Roman Star"Gymyzface="Times New Roman Star"xymys, Sag., Koib. xumys
face="Times New Roman Star"qymys
face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|múw|s < Qypch.face="Times New Roman Star"kymys
face="Times New Roman Star"xymys
face="Times New Roman Star"qymyzface="Times New Roman Star"qymyzface="Times New Roman Star"qymyzface="Times New Roman Star"qomod|, qymyd|


face="Times New Roman Star"qymyz

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 629, Ëåêñèêà 450-451, ÝÑÒß 6, 219.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kum- / *Kym-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to wrap, tuckface="Times New Roman Star"ïîäâîðà÷èâàòü, ïîäòûêàòü


face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-
face="Times New Roman Star"qimti-





face="Times New Roman Star"qym-

face="Times New Roman Star"kumuj-
face="Times New Roman Star"qumza 'package'
face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-, qymta-face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-


face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-, qymta-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 301, ÝÑÒß 6, 221-223.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sheath, scabbardface="Times New Roman Star"íîæíû, ÷åõîë
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qyn (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qin, (Khorazm dial.) qyjnface="Times New Roman Star"qinface="Times New Roman Star"qyn (ßÆÓ)face="Times New Roman Star"Gynface="Times New Roman Star"Gy:nface="Times New Roman Star"xynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qyn
face="Times New Roman Star"j@n@, dial. @n@face="Times New Roman Star"ky:n
face="Times New Roman Star"xyn
face="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"qyn
face="Times New Roman Star"qynface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264, EDT 630-631, Åãîðîâ 79, Ëåêñèêà 571, ÝÑÒß 6, 217-218.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyn|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bent, obliqueface="Times New Roman Star"ñîãíóòûé, êîñîéface="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"qin|g|irface="Times New Roman Star"qin|i(r)

face="Times New Roman Star"Gyn|yr




face="Times New Roman Star"kyn|nar 'êðèâî, êîñî'


face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|yrface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264-265, EDT 639, ÝÑÒß 6, 220-221. OT qyn|raq 'curved dagger' > WMong. kig|ira, kin|gara (Kalm. ki:r@, Khalkha x/an|gar).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ra-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to ring, toll 2 bellface="Times New Roman Star"1 çâåíåòü, çâîíèòü 2 êîëîêîë(ü÷èê)
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|raq, qon|rag|u 2face="Times New Roman Star"kon|rak (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qumrawu 2 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n|yraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|raq, qon|g|iraq (dial.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Gymrow 2
face="Times New Roman Star"xon|ra- 1, xon|ro 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ra- 1, qon|ra: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ro- 1, qon|ru: 2



face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|ura- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|uro: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qun|yraw 2 (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"qon|raw 2face="Times New Roman Star"kon|or 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280, TMN 3, 526, EDT 640, ÝÑÒß 6, 60-61.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyp-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 spark 2 ashesface="Times New Roman Star"1 èñêðà 2 çîëà


face="Times New Roman Star"qypqyn 1





face="Times New Roman Star"xybyn 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"qybyn 1, qybyr 2

face="Times New Roman Star"kybyan 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qypyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"qypqyn 2







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, 265, Ëåêñèêà 369, ÝÑÒß 6, 223.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to break, demolish 2 small 3 to scrape, shaveface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîìàòü, ðàçðóøàòü 2 ìàëåíüêèé 3 ñêðåñòè, áðèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3 'to scrape; to tear out'face="Times New Roman Star"kyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3 (Pav. C.), 1, 'to cut off' (Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qir- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qi(r)- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"xyr- 3, 'to cut'face="Times New Roman Star"qyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"x@r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 'to shear, cut'; kyra 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr- 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265; EDT 643; TMN 3, 567, Ëåêñèêà 382, ÝÑÒß 6, 227-229, Stachowski 168, 170. The Yak. form kyra 'small' is a rather transparent semantical derivative, although it is not usually listed among the reflexes of PT *Kyr-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 isolated mountain 2 mountain top, mountain ridge 3 steppe, desert, level ground 4 edgeface="Times New Roman Star"1 îòäåëüíî ñòîÿùàÿ ãîðà 2 âåðøèíà ãîðû, ãðåáåíü ãîðû, âîçâûøåííîñòü 3 ñòåïü, ïóñòûíÿ, ðàâíèíà 4 êðàé
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 1 (MK, KB), 'rising ground' (IM,14 c.)face="Times New Roman Star"kyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyr (Sangl.), qir (Pav. C.) 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"qir 2, 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qir 3, 4

face="Times New Roman Star"Gyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"xyr 2, 'roof'face="Times New Roman Star"qyrface="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xir 3face="Times New Roman Star"kyrtas 2; kyrdal 'hill'face="Times New Roman Star"kyrdal 'hill'

face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 2, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641, VEWT 265, Ëåêñèêà 95-96, ÝÑÒß 6, 225, Stachowski 169. Derived is PT *Kyran 'edge, ridge' (ÝÑÒß 6, 226); but note that modern forms like Turkm. Gyra, Tuva qyra etc. are borrowed < Mong. kira.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 hoar-frost 2 thin snowface="Times New Roman Star"1 èíåé 2 òîíêèé ñíåãface="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyrag|u 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kyrag|u 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw (Áîð. Áàä., Abush.), qirau, qirag|u (Pav. C.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qiro|w 1face="Times New Roman Star"qija, qira, qiro 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gyrow 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyraw 1, Gyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"xro 1, xyrbyx 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyra: 1face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1face="Times New Roman Star"x@rb@x 2face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1, ky:rpax, kyrpaj 2face="Times New Roman Star"kyrya 1face="Times New Roman Star"xyra: 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyro: 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qrau 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qra: 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw, qoruw 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyraw 1, qyrpaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265-266, 267, EDT 656, ÝÑÒß 6, 230-231, 241, Stachowski 169. Turk. > MMong. (HY) kira'u, WMong. kirag|u, Khalkha x/aru: 'hoar-frost' etc. (see Doerfer TMN 3, 569, Ùåðáàê 1997, 138, Clark 1977, 147, although the latter's derivation of *kyragu < *kyr 'grey' is hardly acceptable). Cf. also PT *Kyr-lac? 'the coldest time of winter' (see ÝÑÒß 6, 237-238).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyr-ba:ka / *Kur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 toad 2 frogface="Times New Roman Star"1 æàáà 2 ëÿãóøêà
face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyr-baqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qur-bag|a 1



face="Times New Roman Star"Gur-ba:Ga 2








face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa 1face="Times New Roman Star"qur-baqa 2







face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 180.
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