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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 thick part of the thigh; muscles 2 behind, buttocksface="Times New Roman Star"1 òîëñòàÿ ÷àñòü áåäðà; ìûøöû, ìóñêóëû 2 çàä
face="Times New Roman Star"qon| (MK) 1



face="Times New Roman Star"qon| 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yr, qon|qyr 2






face="Times New Roman Star"kun| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qon| 'animal body'
face="Times New Roman Star"qon| 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon| 1, 2




face="Times New Roman Star"qon| 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280, Clark 1977, 149, ÝÑÒß 6, 58-59. Turk. > Mong. Khalkha xongo, Kalm. xon| (although -o in the Khalkha form is suspicious and perhaps reflects a genuinely cognate PM *kon|go).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ra-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to ring, toll 2 bellface="Times New Roman Star"1 çâåíåòü, çâîíèòü 2 êîëîêîë(ü÷èê)
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|raq, qon|rag|u 2face="Times New Roman Star"kon|rak (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qyn|g|yraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qumrawu 2 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n|yraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|raq, qon|g|iraq (dial.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Gymrow 2
face="Times New Roman Star"xon|ra- 1, xon|ro 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ra- 1, qon|ra: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ro- 1, qon|ru: 2



face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|ura- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|uro: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"qun|yraw 2 (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"qon|raw 2face="Times New Roman Star"kon|or 2face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uraw 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280, TMN 3, 526, EDT 640, ÝÑÒß 6, 60-61.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 neighbour 2 friend, guestface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñîñåä 2 äðóã, ãîñòüface="Times New Roman Star"qons?y 1, qonaq 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qos?ny, qons?y 'neighbour', qonuq 'guest' (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koms?u 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qons?y (AH), qos?ny (MA) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qu.s?ni, qo|s?ni 1face="Times New Roman Star"qos?na, xos?na 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gons?u 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gon|s?y 1, Gonaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"xonz?|yx 1


face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|na



face="Times New Roman Star"qon|s?u 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|sy 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qons?u 1face="Times New Roman Star"qoms?u 1face="Times New Roman Star"qons?y 1face="Times New Roman Star"qon|sy 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xons?u 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 279, EDT 637, 640, ÝÑÒß 6, 56, 66-68. The word is considered to be derived from *Kon- 'to spend a night' ( > Mong. qonu- id., KW 185; see Ùåðáàê 1997, 139, TMN 1, 420, 3, 530, ÝÑÒß 6, 55-56, EDT 632, Stachowski 152). However, further derivation of *Kon- from *Ko- 'to put' (see TMN ibid.) seems highly improbable. External evidence speaks rather in favour of the original meaning "guest, to visit (as a guest)' ( < *'friend, match'), whence "to spend a night, visit, stay" ( = Russ. ãîñòèòü).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|urface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"red-brown, dark brownface="Times New Roman Star"ðûæåâàòî-áóðûé, òåìíîêîðè÷íåâûé
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|ur (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kon|gur , gog|ur (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qon|ur (IM), qon|g|ur (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qu.n|g|ir
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yrface="Times New Roman Star"Gonurface="Times New Roman Star"Gon|urface="Times New Roman Star"xo:r
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|múw|rface="Times New Roman Star"qon|or
face="Times New Roman Star"xo:r
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|urface="Times New Roman Star"qon|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qon|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qun|yrface="Times New Roman Star"qon|urface="Times New Roman Star"qomur
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|yr
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|urface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 280-1, TMN 3, 525, EDT 639, ÝÑÒß 6, 62-65.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kon|ur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"beetleface="Times New Roman Star"æóêface="Times New Roman Star"qon|uz (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uz (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|g|yz
face="Times New Roman Star"qu.n|gizface="Times New Roman Star"qon|Guz


face="Times New Roman Star"xo:s (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qon|us, qon|ys, qomys
face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|múw|r 'drone'face="Times New Roman Star"xomurduosface="Times New Roman Star"komurduos

face="Times New Roman Star"qon|uzface="Times New Roman Star"qon|yzface="Times New Roman Star"qon|yzface="Times New Roman Star"qun|yd|

face="Times New Roman Star"qomuzface="Times New Roman Star"qon|yz

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 281, EDT 641, Ëåêñèêà 187, ÝÑÒß 6, 61-62, Stachowski 152. Turkic > MMong. (MA) qonquz. A hardly plausible explanation of the Yak. form as "brown pig" see in Ùåðáàê 1997, 140-141.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kokface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dust, ashesface="Times New Roman Star"ïûëü, ïåïåëface="Times New Roman Star"qog| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qog| (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qog| (AH, Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"xox
face="Times New Roman Star"qoq

face="Times New Roman Star"xog|oso
face="Times New Roman Star"xoq
face="Times New Roman Star"qoq
face="Times New Roman Star"qoq


face="Times New Roman Star"qoq


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 609, VEWT 275, 276, Ëåêñèêà 368. Turk. > Mong. qog|, Kalm. xog 'dregs, dirt' (KW 181, Ùåðáàê 1997, 165).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Korface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ferment; yeast 2 bitter, astringentface="Times New Roman Star"1 çàêâàñêà; äðîææè 2 ãîðüêèé, åäêèé
face="Times New Roman Star"qor 1 (MK, IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"qur 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qo|r 1 (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gor 1




face="Times New Roman Star"kuras 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qor 1face="Times New Roman Star"qor 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qur 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qor 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 642, ÝÑÒß 6, 72.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kor(a)-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to diminish , decrease 2 harm, lossface="Times New Roman Star"1 óìåíüøàòüñÿ, óáûâàòü 2 âðåä, óáûòîêface="Times New Roman Star"qora- 1, qor 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qora- 1, qor 2 (MK)







face="Times New Roman Star"xora- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qor 2, qoro- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xor 'insult, offence, grief'face="Times New Roman Star"qor 2, qoron- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xor 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qoro- 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qora- 1




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 641-642, 645-646, ÝÑÒß 6, 73-74, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 369. On a possible Mong. loanword (qowr 'loss, damage') see under *ka\bro; modern Siberian nouns may be actually backloans from Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:ry-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to fence, protectface="Times New Roman Star"çàùèùàòü, çàãîðàæèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qory- (Yen.)face="Times New Roman Star"qory- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"koru-
face="Times New Roman Star"qoru- (Ettuhf., Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qu.ri-face="Times New Roman Star"qoru-
face="Times New Roman Star"Goru-face="Times New Roman Star"Go:ry-, Go:ra-






face="Times New Roman Star"xoru-
face="Times New Roman Star"qoru-
face="Times New Roman Star"qory-
face="Times New Roman Star"qoru-face="Times New Roman Star"qoru-face="Times New Roman Star"qoru-, qory-face="Times New Roman Star"qory-
face="Times New Roman Star"qoru-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 282, EDT 645-646, Ëåêñèêà 486-487, 575, ÝÑÒß 6, 76-78. Cf. also the derivative *Ko:ry-kan, sometimes confused with *Kur-gan (see under *Kur-). One should also note PT *Kurtgar- 'to rescue', *Kurtul- 'be rescued' (see EDT 649, 650, ÝÑÒß 6, 177-179), which may be a contraction < *Ko:ru-t-gar-, *Ko:ru-t-ul-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Korumface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"rock, cliff, heap of stonesface="Times New Roman Star"ñêàëà, êó÷à êàìíåé
face="Times New Roman Star"qorum (MK, KB)



face="Times New Roman Star"qoram


face="Times New Roman Star"xorymface="Times New Roman Star"qorumface="Times New Roman Star"qorum



face="Times New Roman Star"xorum
face="Times New Roman Star"qorum








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 660, VEWT 283, Ëåêñèêà 99.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kol/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 pair, couple, one of a couple 2 to join, uniteface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàðà, îäèí èç ïàðû 2 ñîåäèíÿòü(ñÿ)face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1, qus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2 (AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.s? 1, qo.s?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"Gos? 'a couple of oxen', Gos?- 'to add'face="Times New Roman Star"xos 1, xos- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"xos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"xos 'double; again', xohuj- 2, xoho:n 'poem'face="Times New Roman Star"koho:n 'poem'face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qo's?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qywys? 1, qus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos 1, qos- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1, qos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 283; EDT 670, Ëåêñèêà 611, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 375, ÝÑÒß 6, 90-94, Stachowski 150. Turk. > MMong. (HY) qos?i, WMong. qos, Kalm. xos? 'pair' (KW 189, TMN 3, 364, Clark 1980, 41, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997, 142).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kotar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to tear out, uproot 2 to break 3 to moveface="Times New Roman Star"1 âûäèðàòü (ñ êîðíåì) 2 ëîìàòü 3 ñäâèãàòü, ïåðåìåùàòü


face="Times New Roman Star"qutar- (dial.) 3





face="Times New Roman Star"xodyr- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qodor- 1





face="Times New Roman Star"qotor- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"qutar- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 284, ÝÑÒß 6, 85-86.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kotur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"yakface="Times New Roman Star"ÿê
face="Times New Roman Star"qotuz (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"xotozface="Times New Roman Star"qutaz (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qotas (Pav. C.), qutuz (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.tasface="Times New Roman Star"qotaz
face="Times New Roman Star"Gotazface="Times New Roman Star"Gotaz








face="Times New Roman Star"qotos




face="Times New Roman Star"qutas


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 608, ÝÑÒß 6, 81-82.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Koturface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"scab, mangeface="Times New Roman Star"ïàðøàface="Times New Roman Star"qotur (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"kotur (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qutyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotur (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo.tirface="Times New Roman Star"qotu(r)face="Times New Roman Star"qodurface="Times New Roman Star"Goturface="Times New Roman Star"Goturface="Times New Roman Star"xodyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qodur



face="Times New Roman Star"qodur
face="Times New Roman Star"qoturface="Times New Roman Star"qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qutyr

face="Times New Roman Star"qotur, qotyrface="Times New Roman Star"qotyr
face="Times New Roman Star"qoturface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 86-87, EDT 604.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kor/yface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lambface="Times New Roman Star"ÿãíåíîêface="Times New Roman Star"qozy (quzy) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qozy (quzy) (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kuzuface="Times New Roman Star"quzy (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qozy (R.), qozu (Houts.)face="Times New Roman Star"qu.ziface="Times New Roman Star"qozaface="Times New Roman Star"quzy, qozy, qozaface="Times New Roman Star"Guzuface="Times New Roman Star"Guzy


face="Times New Roman Star"quzy




face="Times New Roman Star"qozuface="Times New Roman Star"qozyface="Times New Roman Star"qozy
face="Times New Roman Star"qozuface="Times New Roman Star"quzuface="Times New Roman Star"qozuface="Times New Roman Star"qozyface="Times New Roman Star"qo:zaface="Times New Roman Star"qozu (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 285, EDT 681, Ëåêñèêà 433, ÝÑÒß 6, 108-109.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be irritated, agitated 2 to move; irritateface="Times New Roman Star"1 áûòü âîçáóæäåííûì 2 äâèãàòü; âîçáóæäàòü


face="Times New Roman Star"quzg|a- (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qozg|a- (Pav. C., Abush., Áîð. Áàä.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qo.zi- 1, qo|zg|a- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qozg|a- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"Go:zg|a- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qosqo- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"qozu- 1, qozg|o- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qoz- 1, qozg|a- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qoz- 1, qozg|a- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qud|y- 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoz- 1, qozg|a- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qozg|a- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qoz- 1, qozg|a- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qozg|a-, xozg|a- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ÎÑÍß 3, 132-133. The roots *Ko:r/- 'to be hungry' and *Ko:r/- 'to be agitated' are usually considered to be a single root and are very hard to distinguish within Turkic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kab-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to unite, bring together 2 be brought togetherface="Times New Roman Star"1 îáúåäèíÿòü, ñîáèðàòü 2 ñîáèðàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"qavyr- 1 (OUygh.), qavys?- 2 (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qavur- 1 (MK, KB), qavys?- 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kavus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qavus?- 2 (Qutb, Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|wus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qavus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys- 2face="Times New Roman Star"Govus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"Govur- 1, Govus?- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qabyr- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"> Danube Bulg. koubraton 'collector, unifier (of lands)'

face="Times New Roman Star"xavyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"xabyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qo:s?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys?- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qavus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 216, EDT 585, 588, ÝÑÒß 6, 14-16. OT also has quvra- 'come together, assemble', with a rather strange vocalism (see EDT 586 - but modern forms like qura- are not related, being borrowed from Mong. qura-, qurija-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kybface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 luck, happiness 2 to be happy, enjoyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñ÷àñòüå 2 áûòü ñ÷àñòëèâûì, ðàäîâàòüñÿ, ïðåäàâàòüñÿ óäîâîëüñòâèÿìface="Times New Roman Star"qyv 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyv 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kywan- 2, kyv 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"quan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2 (Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"quvo|n- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qo 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Guwan- 2



face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|van- (dial.)



face="Times New Roman Star"quban- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qywan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"quvan- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 268, EDT 579, ÝÑÒß 6, 99-101, Clark 1977, 146.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku:c?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to embraceface="Times New Roman Star"îáíèìàòüface="Times New Roman Star"quc?- (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"quc?- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kuz?|-, koc?-face="Times New Roman Star"qoc?-face="Times New Roman Star"quc?- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"quc?-

face="Times New Roman Star"Guz?|-face="Times New Roman Star"Guc?-




face="Times New Roman Star"ku:s-face="Times New Roman Star"ku:s-

face="Times New Roman Star"quc?-face="Times New Roman Star"qus?-



face="Times New Roman Star"quc?-face="Times New Roman Star"qus?-

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 590, VEWT 295-296, ÝÑÒß 6, 105-106, Stachowski 163. Shortening in Turkm. is unclear (length in Yak. and voicing -c?- > -z?|- in Tur., Az. point to *-u:-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kud-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to pour out (water) 2 to pour 3 wellface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëèòü 2 ñûïàòü 3 êîëîäåöface="Times New Roman Star"qud- 1 (OUigh.), qudug| 3 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (MK), qud|ug| 3 (MK, QB)face="Times New Roman Star"kuju 3, qujy 3 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (Sangl.), qujy 3 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1face="Times New Roman Star"quz- 1face="Times New Roman Star"Guju 3face="Times New Roman Star"Guj- 1, 2, Gujy 3face="Times New Roman Star"xus- 1, 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"quspaq 'áîëüøîé òóåñ' (?)

face="Times New Roman Star"xyv- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"kut- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qut- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qut-/d- 1face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, quju 3face="Times New Roman Star"quju 3face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, quju 3face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3
face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 quju 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 296, EDT 596, 598, ÝÑÒß 2000, 109-111, 119-120, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 102, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 379. The root contained undoubtedly *-d-, but variants with *-j- are attested unusually early. Turk. > MMong. g|uduh (SH), WMong. qudug| (whence backwards > Turkm. Guduk, Uygh. quduq, Khak. xutux etc.), see EDT ibid., KW 194, Ùåðáàê 1997, 143, TMN 1, 395-396, Stachowski 162.
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