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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?y:pynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 fly 2 gad-fly 3 mosquito 4 beeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìóõà 2 îâîä 3 êîìàð 4 ï÷åëà, øåðøåíü
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyn 1, 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ibin 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?eben 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ibin 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?ivin 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ibin 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"c?y:byn 3

face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) c?ymyn 4





face="Times New Roman Star"c?ymyn 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"s?ybyn 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"seben-le- 'to be annoyed by fly-bites (of animals)'face="Times New Roman Star"c?ibin 1,2



face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ibin 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110, EDT 838, TMN 3, 53, Ëåêñèêà 186.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)amak / *K(i)apakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 forehead 2 front part 3 eyelid 4 eyebrowface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîá 2 ïåðåäíÿÿ ÷àñòü 3 âåêî 4 áðîâü
face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kabak 'bald', dial. kabag 1, 2, 'face', 'skull'face="Times New Roman Star"ku"z qabag|y 3, dial. taw qabag|y 'mountain slope'face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1, 2 (Sangl., Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vo|q 3face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qawaq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq 'nose bridge' (ßÆÓ)face="Times New Roman Star"GabaG 2, (poet.) 'face'face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:baG 3face="Times New Roman Star"xamax 1face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qamaq, qabaq 4, dial. 1



face="Times New Roman Star"xavaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 4face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'pitfall'face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'place under the forehead; edge of shore'face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'precipice'


face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 3, 'cleft'
face="Times New Roman Star"go"z qabag|y 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 161, Ëåêñèêà 199-200. An extremely complicated case: forms meaning 'eyelid' are traditionally analysed as derived from *Kap- 'to cover' - but the Turkm., Uzb. and Uygh. forms clearly contradict such a derivation by displaying unmistakable vowel length. A trace of the original meaning 'forehead, eyebrow' (later shifted to 'eyelid') in the Kypchak languages (not distinguishing vowel length) may be found in expressions meaning 'to frown (one's forehead, eyebrows)': Kirgh. qabaq tu"j-, bu"rko"-, Kaz., KKalp. qabaq tu"j-. The form *Ka:pak may have been additionally influenced by PT *Ka:p 'sack; to surround' (v. sub *k[a:]p`a/), *Ka:p(ak) 'caul, hymen' (v. sub *k`a:p`a/). The variation of *-m- and -p- (cf. the archaic Siberian reflexes with -m-) is parallelled by a similar variation in TM and Japanese and may reflect an original cluster, but may have been an innovation due to the contaminations with *Kap- and *Ka:p.
face="Times New Roman Star"*to"r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 foundation, root 2 origin, ancestorsface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðåíü 2 ïðîèñõîæäåíèå, îñíîâàíèå, ðîä, ïðåäêèface="Times New Roman Star"to"z (OUygh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"z (MK, KB) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"to"z 1 ('root of the ear' - Sangl.), 2 (Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 'original spirits', to"s-te- 'to lay ground'face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2, to"s-tu"k 'tree trunk'face="Times New Roman Star"to"s 2; 'shrub; original spirits'
face="Times New Roman Star"tu"re 'object of dedication; spirit'face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"t 2face="Times New Roman Star"to"ru"tface="Times New Roman Star"do"s 1, 2, 'shrub'face="Times New Roman Star"do"s, to"s 1face="Times New Roman Star"to"z, to"s 2

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"z 2 (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 495, TMN 2, 612, EDT 571, Ëåêñèêà 109, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 264, Stachowski 228.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ulface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 foundation 2 soleface="Times New Roman Star"1 äíî, îñíîâàíèå 2 ïîäîøâà, ïîäìåòêàface="Times New Roman Star"ultan| 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ul 1, uldan| 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"oltan, oltan| (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"u>ltan 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"lten| 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ulto|n 2face="Times New Roman Star"ultan| 2, (dial.) u:l, ul 1

face="Times New Roman Star"oltan| 2face="Times New Roman Star"ultun| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ultan|, ultan, yltam 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ullun| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"uldun| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ultan| 2face="Times New Roman Star"u>ltan 2face="Times New Roman Star"ultan 2face="Times New Roman Star"u>ltan 2face="Times New Roman Star"oltan|, oltan 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ultan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ultan 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 124, 131, ÝÑÒß 1, 449-451.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 front 2 forehead 3 in front of 4 towards the front offace="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåðåä 2 ëîá 3 âïåðåäè, ñïåðåäè 4 âïåðåäface="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (dial.), alyn 1, 2; 'face'face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-d-y 1, alyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"aly 1 (Abush.), alny-da 'in the presence of' (Abush.), aldy (Babur) 3face="Times New Roman Star"o|l-d-i 1face="Times New Roman Star"ajl, aldi 1, al-dyn 3, al-g|a 4face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alym, alyn 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"a:lyn 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"alny 1face="Times New Roman Star"alny 1, alyn-da 3face="Times New Roman Star"aldy, alyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"ha:nl(y), ha:ll 2face="Times New Roman Star"om 1

face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 'face'face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 'face, mountain slope'face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al-da 3, al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al, aldy 1face="Times New Roman Star"al, ally 1, al-da 3, al-g|a 4face="Times New Roman Star"anny 2face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1 (K), alyn 1 (T, H)face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"aldy- 1face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-dan 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 121, 147; VEWT 14 (should be distinguished from *al- 'below'), TMN 2, 120, ÝÑÒß 1, 124-125, 146, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 280, Ëåêñèêà 198-199. See EDT 121 commenting on the absence of early attestation of the suffixless form.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"n| / *on|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 front, East 2 exterior, color, faceface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïåðåä, âîñòîê 2 âíåøíÿÿ ñòîðîíà, öâåò, ëèöîface="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1, 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1, 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1face="Times New Roman Star"un| 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| (Abush.) 1, (Pav. C.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"o.n| 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ejface="Times New Roman Star"um 'breast' (if different from om 'front', q. v. sub *a:l)face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 'inside of clothes', 2
face="Times New Roman Star"on| 'shape', o"n| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 2face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1, o"n| 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1face="Times New Roman Star"un| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jo"n 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"n| 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"on| 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 167-168, VEWT 362, 372, ÝÑÒß 1, 532-535, Stachowski 199-200, Àøì. III, 232. The words for 'front' and 'colour, face' are usually treated as different roots (e.g. in EDT, ÝÑÒß), but it is hardly possible to separate them phonetically (the variants *on| and *o"n| do not seem to be semantically distributed); the semantic shifts (*'front' > 'face' > 'colour') are quite natural.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?y:pganface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 furuncle 2 rash, pimpleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ôóðóíêóë 2 ñûïü, ïðûù
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybyqan (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?yban 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?uwan 1, c?ebi 'öûïêè'face="Times New Roman Star"c?yban (Sangl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?ipqo|n 1

face="Times New Roman Star"c?iban1, c?ivza" 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?y:ban 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ybyrg|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?ybytqan, (dial. - Âåðá.) c?ibis?ke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/úw|ban, s/úw|van 1

face="Times New Roman Star"s?ivis?ki 2face="Times New Roman Star"s?ibis?ki 2, 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?yjqan 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?yjqan, dial. s?uba 1face="Times New Roman Star"sa"ba"rt- 'îáìåòàòü ãóáû', sebes?ke 'öûïêè'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yban 1face="Times New Roman Star"cyban, c?yban 1


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 106, EDT 396, TMN 3, 1151, Åãîðîâ 208, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 96. The Kaz. and Nogh. forms may be < Mong. (although they differ semantically).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sarymsakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 garlic 2 rhubarbface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÷åñíîê 2 ðåâåíü
face="Times New Roman Star"sarmusaq, samursaq 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sarmysak 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"sarimso|q 1face="Times New Roman Star"samsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"samsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaG 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1


face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1


face="Times New Roman Star"sarapsa 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"harymhaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarysmax 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarmusaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"sarymsaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"samsax 1face="Times New Roman Star"samursaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 404, EDT 853, Ëåêñèêà 144, ÝÑÒß 7. Turk. > Mong. sarimsag| (see TMN 3, 248, Ùåðáàê 1997, 144). Cf. also Khak., Oyr. sarg|aj 'ñàðàíêà', Kirgh. sargaldak 'a k. of plant with yellow flowers', Kaz. sarg|aldaq 'tulip'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a>m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 gentle, quiet 2 to love, desire, rejoice 3 politeness 4 beloved 5 to be quietface="Times New Roman Star"1 òèõèé, ñïîêîéíûé 2 ëþáèòü, ðàäîâàòüñÿ 3 âåæëèâîñòü 4 ìèëûé, ëþáèìûé 5 áûòü ñïîêîéíûìface="Times New Roman Star"amul, amyl 1, amraq 4, amyr-, amran- 2, amryl- 5 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"amul 1, amraq 4, amyrt- 'to calm', amryl- 5 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ymyl, umul 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ymrag| 4
face="Times New Roman Star"amraq 4face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5

face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5
face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 5face="Times New Roman Star"havul 'good' (?)face="Times New Roman Star"úw|múw|r 'quiet and grey (weather)'face="Times New Roman Star"amarax, amyrax 'compassionate'face="Times New Roman Star"amarak 'compassionate'face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 1, amyra- 2, amyraq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"amyz 'honour'


face="Times New Roman Star"amyr 'desire'



face="Times New Roman Star"amraq 'disposition, aptitude'face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 160-161, 162-163, 164, VEWT 19, ÝÑÒß 1, 59-60 (confused with abra- 'to save' < Mong.), Stachowski 33, TMN 2, 125, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 82. Turk. > MMong. amrax| 'sweetheart', amurag| 'friend' (IM), amraq bol- 'to fall in love' (MA), amara- 'sich lieben', amarah 'Liebe' (SH), Mgr amurag| 'friend' (Òîä. Ìãð. 314) etc.; but modern Kypchak and Siberian forms may be reborrowed < Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sab-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 gift 2 booty 3 regale 4 wedding gifts 5 part of bootyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäàðîê 2 äîáû÷à 3 óãîùåíèå 4 ñâàäåáíûå ãîñòèíöû 5 ÷àñòü äîáû÷è

face="Times New Roman Star"savg|a 3 (dial.), (Osm.) savg|at 1face="Times New Roman Star"sawym, sawyn (dial.) 4face="Times New Roman Star"saug|at (R.) 1, (CCum.) sajg|at 2face="Times New Roman Star"so|wg|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"sog|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"savra 'ïèðîæîê, êîòîðûé åäÿò ïðè áîãîñëóæåíèè'face="Times New Roman Star"savg|at 1face="Times New Roman Star"sovg|at 1


face="Times New Roman Star"sav- 'bewirten'




face="Times New Roman Star"so:g|a 1, so:run 5face="Times New Roman Star"sawg|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"sawg|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sawg|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sawg|a 1

face="Times New Roman Star"savg|at 1face="Times New Roman Star"Turk. > WMong. sauqa, saug|a, saug|ad (L 677) (VEWT 406, Ëåêñèêà 349-350; Ùåðáàê 1997, 165; Doerfer TMN 1, 345-346, ÝÑÒß 7). An attempt of a Turkic etymology for Mong. *saw-ga, hardly satisfactory ( < *sab- 'hit' or 'obstruct') see in Eren 1972; the Late Avestan origin of the Mong. word (suggested by Doerfer in TMN and supported by Ìåíãåñ 1979, 135-136) is quite dubious.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sAn|ak / -atface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 gills 2 place on neck where the jaw ends 3 beard, barb (of axe)face="Times New Roman Star"1 æàáðû 2 ìåñòî íà øåå, ãäå çàêàí÷èâàåòñÿ ÷åëþñòü 3 áîðîäêà (òîïîðà)


face="Times New Roman Star"san|aq 1, (dial.) 3







face="Times New Roman Star"san|at, san|yt 2



face="Times New Roman Star"sa:t 2


face="Times New Roman Star"san|g|aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"han|aq (dial.) 3





face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 7, Ëåêñèêà 222. There is some confusion between this root and *sakak q. v. sub *s?ek`a.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 girl 2 womanface="Times New Roman Star"1 äåâóøêà 2 æåíùèíàface="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1 (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gy:z 1face="Times New Roman Star"xys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"x@r 1, x@r-(arúm) 2face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1face="Times New Roman Star"ky:s 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qys 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyd| 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"qyz 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, TMN 3, 569-70, EDT 679-80, Ëåêñèêà 295, 318, ÝÑÒß 6, 190-191, Stachowski 172. For PT one should reconstruct variants *ky:r//*ky:r (they are reflected in several derivatives, e.g. *Ky:r-kyn, see Ëåêñèêà 317-318, ÝÑÒß 6, 237, *Kyr-nak, see TMN 3, 456, ÝÑÒß 6, 240).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ten|ri / *tan|ryface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 god 2 sky, heavenface="Times New Roman Star"1 áîã 2 íåáîface="Times New Roman Star"ten|ri 2 (Orkh.), 1, 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ten|ri 1, 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"tanry 1face="Times New Roman Star"ta"n|re 1face="Times New Roman Star"ten|ri 1 (Sangl., MKypch. - CCum., AH et al.)face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ri 1face="Times New Roman Star"ta"n|ri 1face="Times New Roman Star"ten|er 2face="Times New Roman Star"tanry 1face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ry 1face="Times New Roman Star"tig@r 2face="Times New Roman Star"tegri 2face="Times New Roman Star"ten|eri 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tora 2face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ara 1face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ara 1face="Times New Roman Star"de:r 2face="Times New Roman Star"de:re 2face="Times New Roman Star"ten|ir 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ta"n|re 1face="Times New Roman Star"tejri 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ry, ten|ri 1face="Times New Roman Star"ta"n|ir 1face="Times New Roman Star"tanru (ÑÑß) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 474, TMN 2, 577, EDT 523-524, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 252, Stachowski 217. Turk. > Mong. ten|geri > Evk. tin|eri, Sol. ten|er (see Doerfer MT 236).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jumra-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 gopher 2 ground-squirrelface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñóñëèê 2 åâðàæêà


face="Times New Roman Star"jomran 1face="Times New Roman Star"jumran 'mole' (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"jumro|n 1face="Times New Roman Star"jumran 1

face="Times New Roman Star"jumran 1 (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jymran, jybyran 2








face="Times New Roman Star"jomran 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|uburan 1




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 210, ÝÑÒß 4, 247-248, Ëåêñèêà 165-166. Turk. > Mong. z?|urum, z?|urama, Khalkha z|uram, z|urma, Dag. z?|ombor, (Òîä. Äàã. 145) z?|umbra: (see MGCD 464, KW 481, TMN 4, 220), whence Man. z?|umara etc., see Doerfer MT 102, Rozycki 127. Cf. also *jamlan / *jalman (VEWT 183, ÝÑÒß 4, 97; > Mong. jalman). Turk. > Russ. dial. jevra/n and similar forms, see Àíèêèí 195, 199, 205.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)atyr- ( ?-d-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 grayling 2 sturgeonface="Times New Roman Star"1 õàðèóñ 2 îñåòð














face="Times New Roman Star"xaty:s 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qadyrg|y 1










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 219.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 greedy, miserly 2 wise, clever 3 to offer, sacrifice 4 to dareface="Times New Roman Star"1 æàäíûé, ñêóïîé 2 ìóäðûé, óìíûé 3 æåðòâîâàòü, ïðèíîñèòü â æåðòâó, ïîñâÿùàòü ñåáÿ 4 ñìåòü, ðåøàòüñÿ, ïîêóøàòüñÿ

face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|a 2, xyjtyx 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xúj- 4



face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-198 (confused with *Kyj- 'to cut aslant' which should be probably kept apart).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/-ylface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 green 2 yellowface="Times New Roman Star"1 çåëåíûé 2 æåëòûéface="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (Orkh., OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"je|s?el 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (MA) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jahsyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?azyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?az?yl (R.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"d/az?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"s/ulz/a, s/ulz?|a, s/úvúls/ 'leaf' ( = Bashk. ja"s?elsa" 'greens, vegetables')face="Times New Roman Star"saha-r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"haha-r- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?asyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"jasyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?el 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?as?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?li 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?asyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *ja:l/ 'young, green vegetables' (OUygh. jas?, MK jas?, Turkm. ja:s?, see ÝÑÒß 4, 162, EDT 975, 976, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 134, Stachowski 93). This root is often mixed with homophonous *ja:l/ 'tear' and *ja:l/ 'age, year', see ÝÑÒß 4, 161-164 (all three roots have different Altaic etymologies). Turk. > Mong. jasil 'buckthorn' (Clark 1980, 41).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 groin 2 pubic hairface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïàõ 2 âîëîñû â ïàõóface="Times New Roman Star"jamyz (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz (MK) 1, jamdu (MK) 2 (EDT: jemdu")face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jamys (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jambuz 1 (R.)


face="Times New Roman Star"janbyz 'side, hip'face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz 1




face="Times New Roman Star"symys 1




face="Times New Roman Star"jamyz 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|amyz 1




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 184, EDT 935, 940, ÝÑÒß 4, 110-111. Turk. > MMong. (MA) z?|amiz (Ùåðáàê 1997, 122).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sygyrc?ykface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 grouse, hazel-hen 2 starlingface="Times New Roman Star"1 êóðîïàòêà, ðÿá÷èê 2 ñêâîðåö
face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yrc?uq 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yrc?yk 2face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yrc?aq, syrc?yq, c?yjyrc?yq 2face="Times New Roman Star"sig|irc?iq, sig|irc?uq, sig|irc?in (R.)


face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yrc?yn 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yraj 'bullfinch'


face="Times New Roman Star"s?ún|gúrz?|ú 2

face="Times New Roman Star"syg|yrg|a 'oriole'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yjyrc?yq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"syjyrsyq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sy:rz?yq 2


face="Times New Roman Star"syjyrtg|yc? 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 415, EDT 816, ÝÑÒß 7.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Akan/aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 gull 2 white partridgeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÷àéêà 2 êóðîïàòêà









face="Times New Roman Star"ag|aja, ag|ajan| (Sag., Kach.) 'a k. of bird'face="Times New Roman Star"ag|yj 1




face="Times New Roman Star"ag|anaq 2










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 9.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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