| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kula | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"light yellow, brown | face="Times New Roman Star"æåëòûé, ñàâðàñûé | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kula | face="Times New Roman Star"qola | face="Times New Roman Star"qula (AH, Houts.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"xula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|la |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"qola |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 617, VEWT 298, ÝÑÒß 6, 121-122. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kul-kak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ear | face="Times New Roman Star"óõî | face="Times New Roman Star"qulqaq (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq, qulqaq, qulxaq (MK), qulaq, qulg|aq (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kulak | face="Times New Roman Star"qolaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq (MA), qulag| (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"GulaG | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"xulax | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|lg|a | face="Times New Roman Star"kulga:k | face="Times New Roman Star"kulga:k | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qolaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qulax | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulax| | face="Times New Roman Star"qulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 298, EDT 620, Ëåêñèêà 204-205, ÝÑÒß 6, 124-127, Stachowski 160. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kula- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to wave; jump over 2 to stretch 3 fathom | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìàõàòü; ïåðåïðûãèâàòü 2 òÿíóòüñÿ 3 ñàæåíü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulac? 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qolac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qula- 2 (Áóä.), qulac? 3 (AH, Áîð. Áàä.), qulaz?| 3 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"g|ulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulas?, Golas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulac?, Golaz?| 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xulas 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qula- 1, qulas? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|las/ 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kula:-, kulas-ta- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qolas 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qolac? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulas? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qulac? 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 618, VEWT 298, TMN 3, 487, ÝÑÒß 6, 122, 129-131. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kulum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"foal | face="Times New Roman Star"æåðåáåíîê | face="Times New Roman Star"qulun (Yen.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulun (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kulun | face="Times New Roman Star"qolyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qulun, qulum (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulun (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulun (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qulun, qulum, qulym, qolun | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulun | face="Times New Roman Star"Gulun | face="Times New Roman Star"xulun |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulun |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|m | face="Times New Roman Star"kulun |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulun |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qulun | face="Times New Roman Star"qulyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qulyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qolon |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qulyn |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 622, TMN 3, 506-507, ÝÑÒß 6, 132-133. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sand | face="Times New Roman Star"ïåñîê | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum, qom | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|m | face="Times New Roman Star"kumax | face="Times New Roman Star"kumak | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_m | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 299, EDT 625, Ëåêñèêà 102, ÝÑÒß 6, 133-134, Stachowski 160. Turk. > WMong. qum, Kalm. xum 'sand' (KW 196; TMN 3, 508), Hung. homok (Gombocz 1912). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kum- / *Kym- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to wrap, tuck | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîäâîðà÷èâàòü, ïîäòûêàòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qymty- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qimti- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qym- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kumuj- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qumza 'package' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qymty- | face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-, qymta- | face="Times New Roman Star"qymty- | face="Times New Roman Star"qymty- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qymty-, qymta- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 301, ÝÑÒß 6, 221-223. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kun- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 attention, care 2 usefulness 3 to yearn, be anxious, sorry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âíèìàíèå, ñòàðàíèå, ïðèëåæàíèå 2 ïîëüçà, òîëê 3 òîñêîâàòü, ïå÷àëèòüñÿ, ãîðåâàòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qon 1, (dial.) qonar 2; qono 'diligent, busy', qonoq- 'to get used, become accustomed' | face="Times New Roman Star"qunuq- 3 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qunt 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qunuq-, qunan-, qunal- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qunuq- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qunt 1, qunar 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qunt 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qont (dial.) 1, qonar 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qunt 1; qunyq- 'become accustomed' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 147-148, 149-150. *Kun- 'to yearn, be sorry' and *Kun- 'attention, usefulness' can hardly be separated; despite late attestation a theory of Mong. origin ( < Mong. guni-) is hardly plausible because of quite different affixation. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kur | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"belt | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîÿñ | face="Times New Roman Star"qur (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qur (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kur | face="Times New Roman Star"qur | face="Times New Roman Star"qur (Pav. C., Abush.), qor (AH) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qor (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qur, qor |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xur |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qur |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kur | face="Times New Roman Star"kur | face="Times New Roman Star"qur |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qur | face="Times New Roman Star"qur |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qur |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 301-302, EDT 642, ÝÑÒß 6, 150-152, Stachowski 162. Cf. also *ku"rm- 'to bind' (Sib.-Tat. ku"rmo", Oyr. ku"rma"-k, Bashk. ku"rim 'çàâÿçêà äëÿ áîðòè', see VEWT 311, Ëåêñèêà 499 - if not < Mong. gu"rmel, see under *gur/i ). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku:ry-k,-gak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 dry 2 dry (crumbs, bread) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñóõîé 2 ÷åðñòâûé | face="Times New Roman Star"qury- 'to dry' (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurug|, qur 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qory 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qury- 'to dry' (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"quruq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quruq, qurg|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurug|, quruq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gu:ry 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xurug| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru- 'to dry' (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quru- 'to dry' | face="Times New Roman Star"qurru- 'to dry' | face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|rúw|k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kura:naq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kura:nak 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|ag| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_rg|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qury, qurlaj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoro 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guru, Gury 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quru- 'to dry' | face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *Ku:r(y)- 'to dry up'. See VEWT 302, 303; EDT 652-3, 646, 658, ÝÑÒß 6, 154-155, Stachowski 162, 163. Turk. qu:rut 'dry cheese' > Mong. qurud > Manchu kuru etc., see Doerfer MT 131; Turk. > Hung. ko/ro/ 'dry stalk', see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku:rt | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"worm | face="Times New Roman Star"÷åðâü | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qort | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurut |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gurd | face="Times New Roman Star"Gu:rt | face="Times New Roman Star"xurt |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xort | face="Times New Roman Star"kurz?|ag|a 'small parasites' | face="Times New Roman Star"kurz?|aga | face="Times New Roman Star"qu'rt | face="Times New Roman Star"qu'rt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_rt |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt | face="Times New Roman Star"qurt |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"See VEWT 303-4 (although we prefer to separate *Ku:rt 'worm' and *Ku:rt 'wolf'), EDT 648, Ëåêñèêà 181, ÝÑÒß 6, 167-168, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 367-368, Stachowski 162. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kus- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to vomit | face="Times New Roman Star"áëåâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qos- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus- | face="Times New Roman Star"xus- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"xús- | face="Times New Roman Star"xotuo (n.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qus- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qot|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"qus- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qus- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 304, EDT 666, ÝÑÒß 6, 174-175. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kusyk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"nut | face="Times New Roman Star"îðåõ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qusyq 'pine kernel' (ML) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xuzux |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qusuq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qu'suq | face="Times New Roman Star"quzuq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 667, TMN 3, 475, ÝÑÒß 6, 23-24. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kul/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bird 2 duck | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïòèöà 2 óòêà | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 (Sangl.); 'moth' (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1; 'hen' | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus?, Gus? (< Az.) 'sparrow' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kus 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kus 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qu's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qu's? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qos? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qus? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 305, TMN 3, 547-548; EDT 670; ÝÑÒß 6, 180-182, Ëåêñèêà 168, Stachowski 162. Chuv. xúlat 'hawk' < Mong. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kut | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"luck, good fortune | face="Times New Roman Star"ñ÷àñòüå, õîðîøàÿ ñóäüáà | face="Times New Roman Star"qut (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qut (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kut | face="Times New Roman Star"qot | face="Times New Roman Star"qut (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qut |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gut | face="Times New Roman Star"xut |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qut |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|t | face="Times New Roman Star"kut | face="Times New Roman Star"kut | face="Times New Roman Star"qut |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qut | face="Times New Roman Star"qut | face="Times New Roman Star"qut | face="Times New Roman Star"qot |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qut | face="Times New Roman Star"qut |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 305, EDT 594, ÝÑÒß 6, 175-177, Stachowski 162. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kud- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to pour out (water) 2 to pour 3 well | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ëèòü 2 ñûïàòü 3 êîëîäåö | face="Times New Roman Star"qud- 1 (OUigh.), qudug| 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (MK), qud|ug| 3 (MK, QB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuju 3, qujy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 (Sangl.), qujy 3 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quz- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Guj- 1, 2, Gujy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"xus- 1, 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quspaq 'áîëüøîé òóåñ' (?) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xyv- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kut- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qut- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qut-/d- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qoj- 1, 2, qojy 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1, 2, qujy 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"quj- 1 quju 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 296, EDT 596, 598, ÝÑÒß 2000, 109-111, 119-120, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 102, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 379. The root contained undoubtedly *-d-, but variants with *-j- are attested unusually early. Turk. > MMong. g|uduh (SH), WMong. qudug| (whence backwards > Turkm. Guduk, Uygh. quduq, Khak. xutux etc.), see EDT ibid., KW 194, Ùåðáàê 1997, 143, TMN 1, 395-396, Stachowski 162. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sabar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 brisket with ribs 2 side | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðóäèíêà ñ ðåáðàìè 2 áîê |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sabar 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"saar 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Cf. also Yak. sabar 'eagle's breast' ( < OTuva?). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*saj | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 area covered with stones, stony desert, stony riverbed 2 shallow place, shallow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êàìåíèñòîå ìåñòî, êàìåíèñòàÿ ïóñòûíÿ, êàìåíèñòîå ðóñëî ðåêè 2 ìåëêîå ìåñòî, ìåëêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, saj-yq- 'be shallow' | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|j 1, sajo|z 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sujúr c?ul@ (Anatri) 'pebble, rubble' | face="Times New Roman Star"aja:n 'ñòàðèöà' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saaryg| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, sajyz, sajaz 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"haj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1, sajyz 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saj 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 394, Ëåêñèêà 93, EDT 858, ÝÑÒß 7, Àøì. XI, 162. Yak. > Evk., Evn. aja:n TMS 1, 21; > Russ. Siber. aja/n (Àíèêèí 104). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sag- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to milk | face="Times New Roman Star"äîèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:-, dial. sag|- | face="Times New Roman Star"saw- | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|- (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|g|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|- | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|- | face="Times New Roman Star"saG- | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:- | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:g|- | face="Times New Roman Star"súw|v- | face="Times New Roman Star"ya- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sag|- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:- | face="Times New Roman Star"saw- | face="Times New Roman Star"saw- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:- | face="Times New Roman Star"sav- | face="Times New Roman Star"saw- | face="Times New Roman Star"sax- | face="Times New Roman Star"sav- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 393, EDT 804, ÝÑÒß 7. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sa.k(y)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 aware 2 be aware, protect | face="Times New Roman Star"1 îñòîðîæíûé, áäèòåëüíûé 2 áûòü îñòîðîæíûì, áåðå÷ü(ñÿ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1, saqyn- 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sak, sax 1 (dial.), sakyn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saqyn- 2 (Houts.) , saqin- 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"so|g| 1 (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saqa 1, saq-, saqy- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sax 1, sag|y- 'to wait' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saqy- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"syg|ú 'guard' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa'g|y- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"haq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1, saqyn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saqyn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"saq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 395-6. Turk. > WMong. sag|, Kalm. sag (KW 307). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*sia:k- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to think, contemplate, worry 2 to miss 3 intelligence 4 thought, worry 5 to read 6 to remember 7 mourning, sad remembrance | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äóìàòü, ðàçìûøëÿòü, ãðóñòèòü 2 ñêó÷àòü 3 ðàçóì 4 ìûñëü, âîëíåíèå 5 ÷èòàòü 6 ïîìíèòü 7 îïëàêèâàíèå, ïå÷àëüíîå âîñïîìèíàíèå | face="Times New Roman Star"saq- 1, saqys? 4 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"saq-, sag|yn- 1, saqys? 4 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|y 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|y 4, sag|yn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- (Áóä.) 2, sag|y (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"so|g|in- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"seg|in- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sa:Gyn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?og|ús? 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:x- 5, ag|yn- 2, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:k- 5, agyn- 2, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2, 6, sag|ys? 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"hag|yn- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yn- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ìóäðàê 113-114, VEWT 395, EDT 813, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 464, Stachowski 28, 41 (confused with *sa.k-, from which it is often really hard to distinguish), ÝÑÒß 7. Voicing of medial -k- is regular after a long vowel (but it is somewhat strange in MK's text - note also its absence in saqys?). |
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