| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)aby- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to enjoy oneself, be happy (refl.) 2 to comfort (caus.) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàäîâàòüñÿ, áûòü ñ÷àñòëèâûì 2 óòåøàòü, óñïîêàèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"abynyq 'consolation' (USp. 43), avyn-c?u 'concubine' (YB 1) | face="Times New Roman Star"avyn- 1 (MK), avyt- 2 (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"avun- 1, avut- 2, 'to deceive' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"awut- 2, awun- 'to find comfort' (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|vun- 1, o|vut- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ovun- 1, ovut- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"abyt- 'to lull' | face="Times New Roman Star"abyt- 'to lull' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"avun- 1, avut- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ya-hax 'play' | face="Times New Roman Star"ya-hak 'play' | face="Times New Roman Star"aat- 'to lull' | face="Times New Roman Star"aat- 'to lull' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"aut- 'to deceive' | face="Times New Roman Star"avun-, uvun- 'to be consoled', uvut- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 7, 12; VEWT 2, ÝÑÒß 1, 66, Stachowski 257. The meaning 'to lull' may belong to the homonymic *(i)abu- 'to bend, swing', on which see under *i_a>\p[o\]. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*A:r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"few, a little | face="Times New Roman Star"íåìíîãî | face="Times New Roman Star"az (Orkh. ÏÌÊ, OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"az (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az, e|z |
| face="Times New Roman Star"o|z | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"a:z | face="Times New Roman Star"as | face="Times New Roman Star"as | face="Times New Roman Star"as | face="Times New Roman Star"ha`z |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"as |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"ad|, a"d| | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"az |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, VEWT 32, ÝÑÒß 1, 93-94 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*a:r/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to go astray, lose one's way 2 to lose mind, go mad 3 to miss | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñáèâàòüñÿ ñ ïóòè 2 ñõîäèòü ñ óìà 3 óïóñêàòü, ïðîìàõèâàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 (MK, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- (Sangl., Houts., Pav. C., Qutb) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o|z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"as- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"as- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"as- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ha:z- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"or- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a:s- 1, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"as- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ad|- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a:z- (Äìèòðèåâ 1955) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"az- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 279, VEWT 22, 33, 193, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 283, ÝÑÒß 1, 94-95. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ar/yg | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"fang | face="Times New Roman Star"êëûê | face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"azy | face="Times New Roman Star"azaw | face="Times New Roman Star"azu (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"o|ziq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"azy | face="Times New Roman Star"azy | face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"azyj | face="Times New Roman Star"azu, azu: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ora > Mari ora-puj 'id.' | face="Times New Roman Star"ahy:, dial. yhy: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"azyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"azu: | face="Times New Roman Star"azuw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ad|aw | face="Times New Roman Star"azaw |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"azuw |
| face="Times New Roman Star"azuw | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 33, ÝÑÒß 1, 96-98, Ëåêñèêà 229. Turk. > Mong. *az?|ug| (ac?ug| in Uygh. script, see Clark 1980, 41). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bA:n/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 sole (of foot) 2 footwear | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäîøâà (íîãè) 2 îáóâü (âîéëî÷íûå ÷óëêè, âàëåíêè) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"maja 'fleshy part of the palm' (Vidin, Ne/meth 1965, SDD) | face="Times New Roman Star"majmaq 'stable, steadfast' (of an animal's paw, hoof), dial. pajpaq (ÊÑÒÒ) 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"pajpo|q 2, 'camel's foot', dial. múj@l@k 'mitten' (Ôàðìîíîâ 19) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dial. maja 'ïîäîøâà êîïûòà' (Nakhich.) | face="Times New Roman Star"dial. ma:ja (Tek.) 'aja' (ÒÄÃÄÑ 124), pajpaq (144) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"majmax 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"majyq 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bajmaq 'lower part of shank', bajpaq 2, majpyq 'flat' (of a horse's hoof, bear's paw) | face="Times New Roman Star"bajpaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bajpaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 323. Cf. also Oyr. majryk 'ñòàïòûâàòüñÿ' etc. Forms with the meaning 'footwear' are explained by Budagov as compounds with an iranism (paj - bag| "foot bandage"), which does not seem convincing; we are dealing rather with a dialectal diffusion of the derivative *ba:n/-mak. Cf. TMN 4, 275, Øèïîâà 49, Àíèêèí 110, 382, 458. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bilik, *bEl/-mek(e) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 wick 2 tinder, mushroom | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ôèòèëü 2 òðóò, ãðèá |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bilik (MK) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"mes?ke| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"pilik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"pilik (Jarr.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"miske 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"mes?ke 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"mes?ke 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bilik 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ba"s?ma"k 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pilik 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 339, VEWT 69, 72, ÝÑÒß VI. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bil/c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to become boiled, ripe | face="Times New Roman Star"ñâàðèâàòüñÿ, ñîçðåâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bes?-, pes?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pys- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pys- | face="Times New Roman Star"pys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis/- | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bes?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"bis?-, pis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"pis- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bis?- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 76, EDT 376-377, ÝÑÒß 2, 161-164. Mong. bis?laq, basilag| 'a k. of home cheese' < Turk. *byl/-lak (Clark 1980, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997, 107). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bil/c?i- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to stir up, churn (milk, butter) | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîìåøèâàòü, âçáèâàòü (ìîëîêî, ìàñëî), ïàõòàòü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pes?- (Ñèá., Òóìàøåâà 180) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"pis?kak 'churn pestle' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pis?ek 'churn pestle', -le- 'to churn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"p@z/er- 'to hit, beat' | face="Times New Roman Star"bis- 'to smear' | face="Times New Roman Star"bis- 'to smear' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bys?- / bis?-; bis?kek 'churn-staff for kumis' | face="Times New Roman Star"pis- | face="Times New Roman Star"piskek 'churn-staff' | face="Times New Roman Star"bes?e- 'to churn; to beat', bes?ka"k 'churn-staff' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pis-; piskek 'a big churn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 2, 309-310, Stachowski 61, Àøì. X, 241-242. In a part of languages the root merges with *bil/c?- "to ripen"; it differs from the latter by its original transitivity and consequent front vocalism. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"k- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to dam, plug | face="Times New Roman Star"ñòàâèòü ïëîòèíó, çàòû÷êó |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k- 'çàïðóäèòü'(MK), bo"ken- 'áûòü çàãîðîæåííûì (äîðîãà)' (At.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ke- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ki 'ïðîáêà' | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ken 'ïëîòèíà' (R, Pav. C. 173) | face="Times New Roman Star"pu.kak 'ïðîáêà' | face="Times New Roman Star"pok 'ïðîáêà' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k 'çàòâîð, ïðîáêà' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"púw|gúw| 'ïðîáêà' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"go"- | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ge- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu"ki 'ïðîáêà' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"k-la"- (T) 'çàïèðàòü, çàêðûâàòü' | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ge- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 324, 326, VEWT 82, 83, ÝÑÒß 2, 208-210, Åãîðîâ 146. Clauson prefers the reading with -g-, which is hardly justified. A variant with *-g- (Tur. bu"g|e-, Chuv. p@v@ 'dam', Turkm. bo"ve-, bo"vet 'id.', Yak., Dolg. bu"o" 'plug') may be a result of the influence of *bog- 'to choke, dam' (cf. *bog|- 'dam' in Tuva, Uzb., Kum., Nogh., Oyr., Tat., Bashk.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:ta- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to stick into 2 nail | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âîíçàòü(ñÿ) 2 ãâîçäü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kada- 1, kadak 2 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qada- (Abush., Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qado|q 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qatag| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"GadaG 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gadaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xudav 2 (Anatri) | face="Times New Roman Star"xata:- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kata:- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadag| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qado: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217-8, ÝÑÒß 5, 180-182, TMN 3, 420-422, Àøì. XIV, 257, Stachowski 141. Because of the lack of ancient attestation one cannot exclude a borrowing < Mong. (although the variant qadag|a is very poorly represented there, and may itself be borrowed < Turk.). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ady- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sew, sew together 2 leather belt | face="Times New Roman Star"1 øèòü, ñøèâàòü 2 êîæàíûé ïîÿñ |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qad|u- 1, qad|ys? 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kajis? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja- 1, Gajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xa:s 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xatys 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- > Chuv. xaj- 1, qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 219, TMN 3, 408, EDT 596, 607, ÝÑÒß 5, 199, 218, Ëåêñèêà 386. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kajyra- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to whet, sharpen 2 to rub teeth | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òî÷èòü, çàîñòðÿòü 2 òåðåòü çóáàìè |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kajra- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qajra- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qajra- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|jre|- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gajra- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xajyra- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaira- 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xújra- 2 (Anatri) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qajra- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajra- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajra- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qajra- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qajra- 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 205. The Turk. derivative *kajyrak 'whetstone' > Mong. qajirag|, see TMN 3, 568-569. Cf. also Kaz., Tat. qajau 'notch', Tur. qajag|an 'whetstone' (R 2, 90) and Yak. xajgya, xojguo 'notch'; Yak. xaja, Dolg. kaja '(to tear) apart', Yak. xajyt- 'to break, tear apart', Dolg. kajyt- id., kajyn- (itr.) (see Stachowski 133, 134, 135). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kalym | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ransom for bride 2 fee | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âûêóï çà íåâåñòó 2 øòðàô, ïîäàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qalan (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kalyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn (Houts., Pav. C., Áóä.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalin |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Galyn| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xalym 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalym, qalyn| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xolúm 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xalym, xaly:m 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xylyn| 1 (dial. Todzh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"xylym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, TMN 3, 399, 488, ÝÑÒß 5, 239-240, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 354. Turk. > Mong. qalan 'fee, tax' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 197). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kalpak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hat | face="Times New Roman Star"øàïêà, øëÿïà |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kalpak | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalmaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Galpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"xalbax, xalpax |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xalpa:q |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalfaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 234-235. The word is not attested in OT; cf. however the common Slavic loanword *klobukú, attested in Russian sources already in the 12th century (in ÷üðíèè êëîáóöè 'black hats' = the Karakalpaks, but with characteristically Bulgarian phonology). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.l(y)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to rise 2 jump up | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäíèìàòüñÿ 2 ïîäïðûãèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qaly- (OUygh.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qaly- (MK, KB) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kalk(y)- 2, kal-dyr- (caus.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1,2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- (Pav. C., Áóä.) 1, (Houts., IM) 2, qal-dur- (caus.) (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1, qalqi- 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Galx- 1, Gal-dyr- (caus.) | face="Times New Roman Star"Galk- 1, Gal-dyr- (caus.) | face="Times New Roman Star"xaly- 1,2 (dial. Sag.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qaly- 1,2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kylyj- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xaly- 1,2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qalqy- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalq- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, ÝÑÒß 5, 224-226. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:jnat | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 wing 2 fin | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûëî 2 ïëàâíèê | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (OUygh.- YB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kanat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Abush., MA) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qano|t 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qejnat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ganad, ga"na"d (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2, qanar 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kynat, kyj yat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kynat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Kakuk,ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 137, Ëåêñèêà 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial s/- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ry | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old woman or man 3 to become old | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðûé 2 ñòàðóõà, ñòàðèê 3 ñòàðåòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK, KB) 1, qary- (MK, KB) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kary, kart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MA, Abush.) 1, qary- (MA, Abush.) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1, qari- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 1,2, qeri- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gary, Gart 2,1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Garry 1, Garra- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kir@ 1, kir@- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1, qary- 3, qart 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary ? qe|ri, qart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1,2 (also 'woman') |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qary, g|arry 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 644, TMN 3, 440, ÝÑÒß 5, 311-312, 314-316, Ëåêñèêà 84-85, Stachowski 169, 170. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 arm 2 forearm 3 shin-bone of animal 4 various measures of length | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðóêà (âåðõíÿÿ ÷àñòü) 2 ïðåäïëå÷üå 3 ãîëåííàÿ êîñòü æèâîòíîãî 4 ðàçëè÷íûå ìåðû äëèíû | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1, qary 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"karu-z?|a 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qara 4 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1 (Vam.), qary 1 (Abush.), 2 (Houts.), 4 (in all sources) | face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1,4, qara 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 4, qaja 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"gari 3 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"Gary 3,4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"xor 2, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"xary, xara 2, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyry 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qyry 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 1, qary 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2, qary 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"qar 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"qary 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qar 2, qary 2, 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"TMN 3, 461-2, ÝÑÒß 5, 278-283, Äûáî 160-164, Äûáî 1989, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 361, Ëåêñèêà 246-247. The usage of *Kary as a measure ('cubit') may seem natural, but in fact reflects a merger with a different root, see under *K(i)aryl/. Turk. > Hung. kar 'arm', see Ligeti 1933, MNyTESz 2, 369. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)as- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to constrict, tighten 2 brace joining the wheel hoop and its wooden part 3 block, tambour 4 iron hoop on a cask | face="Times New Roman Star"1 çàòÿãèâàòü, ñòÿãèâàòü 2 ñêîáà, ñîåäèíÿþùàÿ îáîä êîëåñà è åãî äåðåâÿííóþ ÷àñòü 3 øêèâ, ïÿëüöû 4 æåëåçíûé îáîä íà áî÷êå |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kas- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qasno|g| (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qasa- 1, qasqan 'hoop of a tambourine' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GasnaG, GasaG 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"Gas- 1, Gasn|aq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xas- (Sag., Koib.) 'to place the halter on the saddle bow' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qasta- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qa`sta- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qasas- 1, qasqan 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qasnaq 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 329-330. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.l/c?y- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to scrape | face="Times New Roman Star"ñêðåñòè, öàðàïàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kas?y- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- (Abush., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?i- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?y- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?a- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xys/- | face="Times New Roman Star"kyhyj- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- | face="Times New Roman Star"qasy- | face="Times New Roman Star"qasy- | face="Times New Roman Star"qas?y- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qasy- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 240, ÝÑÒß 5, 348, Ìóäðàê 98. Turkic is a probable source of MMong qas?i'ur 'scraper' (cf. Chag. qas?ag|u etc., see Ùåðáàê 1997, 135). |
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