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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*jym-l/c?a-kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"soft, mildface="Times New Roman Star"ìÿãêèéface="Times New Roman Star"jyms?aq (Orkh.), jums?aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jums?aq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jums?akface="Times New Roman Star"joms?aqface="Times New Roman Star"jums?aq (AH, Ettuhf., Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"jums?o|qface="Times New Roman Star"jums?aqface="Times New Roman Star"jumsaqface="Times New Roman Star"jums?aGface="Times New Roman Star"jums?aqface="Times New Roman Star"c?ymz?|ax, nymzaxface="Times New Roman Star"c?ymz?a-face="Times New Roman Star"jymz?aq, d/ymz?aq
face="Times New Roman Star"s/emz/eface="Times New Roman Star"symna-g|asface="Times New Roman Star"hymna-gasface="Times New Roman Star"c?ymc?aqface="Times New Roman Star"c?ymz?|a- 'to become soft'face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ums?aqface="Times New Roman Star"z?umsaq
face="Times New Roman Star"joms?aqface="Times New Roman Star"z?|ums?aq, z?umus?aqface="Times New Roman Star"jymys?aqface="Times New Roman Star"jyms?aq, jyms?ax

face="Times New Roman Star"jymys?aqface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 938, VEWT 201, ÝÑÒß 4, 252-253, Stachowski 118. The deriving stem *jym-l/c?a- 'to be soft' is also present in most of the above languages.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.jn|akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cheek 2 jawface="Times New Roman Star"1 ùåêà 2 ÷åëþñòü
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"janak 1face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq (Abush., Sangl.) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jo|no|q 2, (Kypch. dial.) z?|ag| 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq, jyn|aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"janaG 1face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"na:x 1face="Times New Roman Star"na:q 1face="Times New Roman Star"d/a:k 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"syn|a:x 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"hyn|a:k 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:k 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|a:q 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yjaq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"janaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"janax, jajax, jag|aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan|ax (ÑÑß) 2face="Times New Roman Star"jajaq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 948, VEWT 187, ÝÑÒß 4, 123, Ëåêñèêà 219-220, Stachowski 119.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jory- / *ju"ri-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to walkface="Times New Roman Star"õîäèòüface="Times New Roman Star"jory- (Orkh., OUygh.), ju"ri- (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jor(y)- (MK, KB), ju"ri- ? jo"ri- (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"jo"ru"-, jo"r-face="Times New Roman Star"ju"ri- ? jo"ri- (MA), ju"ru"- (AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jur-face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"r- (ju"r-), jo"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"jor-, z?|or-, jo"r-, ju"r-face="Times New Roman Star"jeri-, ju"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"jo"r(e)-face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"r-face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"r-face="Times New Roman Star"d/or-
face="Times New Roman Star"s/u"re-face="Times New Roman Star"syryt-face="Times New Roman Star"hyryt-face="Times New Roman Star"c?or(u)-face="Times New Roman Star"c?oru-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|u"r(u")-face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"ju"r(u")-face="Times New Roman Star"jo"ro"-face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"r(u")-face="Times New Roman Star"jo"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"juru-, ju"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"r-face="Times New Roman Star"ju"r-face="Times New Roman Star"juru-, ju"ru"-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 207, 213, EDT 957-8, ÝÑÒß 4, 229-231, TMN 4, 217-218, Stachowski 120. Clauson regards both forms together, but notes that jory- is attested earlier than ju"r(i)-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.nc?- / *jenc?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to crushface="Times New Roman Star"ëîìàòüface="Times New Roman Star"janc?- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"janc?-, jenc?- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jenc?-face="Times New Roman Star"je|nc?e-face="Times New Roman Star"jenc?- (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"ja"nc?-face="Times New Roman Star"ja"nc?-

face="Times New Roman Star"jenc?-
face="Times New Roman Star"nas?-


face="Times New Roman Star"sys- / syn/-


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|anc?-face="Times New Roman Star"z?ans?y-face="Times New Roman Star"jans?y-


face="Times New Roman Star"janc?-, jenc?-, janc-face="Times New Roman Star"z?ens?-
face="Times New Roman Star"janc?-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 944, ÝÑÒß 4, 184-185. Turk. > WMong. z?|anc?i-, janc?i-, KW 466, Ùåðáàê 1997, 122. See also notes to *ja:n(u)- 'threaten'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.p-yl/c?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to glue, stick toface="Times New Roman Star"ïðèêëåèâàòüñÿ, ïðèëèïàòüface="Times New Roman Star"japys?- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"japus?-, japys?- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"japys?-face="Times New Roman Star"jabys?-face="Times New Roman Star"japys?- (AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|pis?-face="Times New Roman Star"jepis?-, jopus?-
face="Times New Roman Star"japys?-face="Times New Roman Star"japys?-


face="Times New Roman Star"japus?-face="Times New Roman Star"s/ybús/-face="Times New Roman Star"sysyn- s?yba: - 'to plaster, smear'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?y'ps?yn-
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|abys?-face="Times New Roman Star"z?abys-face="Times New Roman Star"jabys-face="Times New Roman Star"ja"bes?-face="Times New Roman Star"z?abys?-face="Times New Roman Star"japys?-face="Times New Roman Star"japys?-, japus?-, jabus?-face="Times New Roman Star"z?abys-
face="Times New Roman Star"jabus?-, jabys?-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, ÝÑÒß 4, 132-133, EDT 880-881. The deriving stem *ja.p- is probably preserved in Karakh. (MK) jap- 'stick to', Az. jap- 'to model dung for drying' and *jap-ma 'modelled dung' (see ÝÑÒß 4, 130, 133); thus the analysis of *ja.p-yl/c?- as reciprocal from *jap- 'make, create' or 'cover' (EDT ibid.) is certainly incorrect.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to lie, to sleepface="Times New Roman Star"ëåæàòü, ñïàòüface="Times New Roman Star"jat- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|t-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"c?at-face="Times New Roman Star"c?at- (R)face="Times New Roman Star"d/at-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-
face="Times New Roman Star"syt-face="Times New Roman Star"hyt-face="Times New Roman Star"c?y't-face="Times New Roman Star"c?y't-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|at-face="Times New Roman Star"z?at-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"z?at-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"z?at-face="Times New Roman Star"jaht-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, EDT 884, ÝÑÒß 4, 156-158, Stachowski 120.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jydface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"smellface="Times New Roman Star"çàïàõface="Times New Roman Star"jyd (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jyd| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ij




face="Times New Roman Star"ij
face="Times New Roman Star"jys



face="Times New Roman Star"sytface="Times New Roman Star"hytface="Times New Roman Star"c?yt






face="Times New Roman Star"ij


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 883, ÝÑÒß 1, 380-382 (confused with *yjs), Stachowski 120.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jitiface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sharpface="Times New Roman Star"îñòðûéface="Times New Roman Star"jiti (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jitig (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"iti- (v.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|eteface="Times New Roman Star"iti (AH, Ettuhf.), itik (Pav. C.), iti- v. (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"is?tik
face="Times New Roman Star"itiface="Times New Roman Star"jitiface="Times New Roman Star"c?@t@gface="Times New Roman Star"c?idig
face="Times New Roman Star"jittiface="Times New Roman Star"s/ivz?|@ (?)face="Times New Roman Star"syty:face="Times New Roman Star"hyty:face="Times New Roman Star"c?idig, c?idi- (v.)

face="Times New Roman Star"z?iti

face="Times New Roman Star"z?u"tu"
face="Times New Roman Star"jiti, iti

face="Times New Roman Star"ittiface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 889, ÝÑÒß 4, 205-206, Stachowski 121. Cf. also Tur. jat 'weapon', jatag|an 'a k. of sword' (VEWT 192, TMN 4, 52).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.r/tuk / *ja.tr/ukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 pillow 2 to prop on a pillowface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîäóøêà 2 îïèðàòü(ñÿ) íà ïîäóøêóface="Times New Roman Star"jastuq 'pillow-shaped ingot of silver' (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jastuq 1, jasta- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jastyk 1, jasta- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jastyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jastuq 1 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|stiq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jastuq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jastyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jassyx (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jassyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?astyx 1, c?asta- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?astyq 1, c?asta- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jastyq, d/astyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jastuq 1face="Times New Roman Star"s/ydúr 1face="Times New Roman Star"syttyk 1, sytta- 2face="Times New Roman Star"hyttyk 1face="Times New Roman Star"syrtyq, systyq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|azdyq, z?|astyq 1, z?|azda-, z?|asta- 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?astyq 1, z?asta- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jastyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jat|tyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?|astyq, zastyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jastyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jastyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"dastyq 1, z?asta-, dasta- 2face="Times New Roman Star"jastux 1face="Times New Roman Star"jastyq, jastuq 1face="Times New Roman Star"PT *r/ is indicated by the Chuv. form and probably also (with rotacism) Tuva syrtyk. Other forms for the most part reflect an assimilated *jaz-t- > *jast-. See VEWT 191, ÝÑÒß 4, 154-155, EDT 974, Stachowski 121.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jy:l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to creep 2 snakeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîëçàòü 2 çìåÿface="Times New Roman Star"jylan 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jylan (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"jylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jyl- 1, jylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jyl- 1 (Vam.), jylan 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|il- 1, ilo|n 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jilan 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jyla:n 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?yl- 1, c?ylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?ylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"d/yl- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|len 2face="Times New Roman Star"sy:l- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yl- 1, c?ylan 2, dial. c?ulanface="Times New Roman Star"c?yl- 1, c?ulan 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yl- 1, z?|ylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"jilyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"jylan 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 200, EDT 930-1, ÝÑÒß 4, 40-41, 277, Ëåêñèêà 180. Turk. > MMong. (MA) jilan (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 164). Mong. z?|ilu-, z?|ulu- 'roll away, move away' may be related or borrowed < Turk.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.lyn|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 naked 2 single, lonelyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîëûé 2 îäèíîêèé, åäèíñòâåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"jalyn| 1, jaln|us 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn| 1, jaln|us 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 1, jalnyz, dial. jalan|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan 1 (dial.), jalg|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn| 1 (Pav. C.), jalan, jalynz?|aq 1 (Ettuhf.), jalyn|yz, jalyqyz 2 (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jal/a"n| 1, jo|llg|iz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan| 1, jalg|uz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn|, jan| 1, jan|g|ys 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 1, jalnyz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan| 1, jalan|ac? 1, jaln|y:z 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan| 1, c?alg|ys 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan| 1, c?ag|ys, nag|ys, nan|ys 2face="Times New Roman Star"d/alan| 1, jan|ys, d/an|ys 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalg|uz 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sy:n/ax, sygynn/ax 1face="Times New Roman Star"hygynn/ak 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|g|ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|alan| 1, z?|alg|yz, z?|an|g|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alan| 1, z?alg|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan| 1, jalg|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yd| 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alan, zalan 1, z?ang|yz, zang|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 1, jalnyz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn, jalan 1, jalg|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alan| 1, z?alg|yz 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jalan 1, jan|g|yz, jan|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 182, EDT 929, 930, ÝÑÒß 4, 97-98, 104-106. Turk. > Kalm. jaln| (KW 214). Cf. also *jalky 'single' (ÝÑÒß 4, 95), Stachowski 106, 118. Yak. sygynn/ax < *jaln|yn-c?ak; sog|otox < *jaln|or/ak.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:.rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"precipice, steep bankface="Times New Roman Star"îáðûâ, êðóòîé áåðåã
face="Times New Roman Star"jar (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"jar (Ettuhf., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|arface="Times New Roman Star"jar
face="Times New Roman Star"jar-Ganface="Times New Roman Star"ja:rface="Times New Roman Star"c?ar
face="Times New Roman Star"d/ar
face="Times New Roman Star"s/yrface="Times New Roman Star"sy:rface="Times New Roman Star"hy:r

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|arface="Times New Roman Star"z?arface="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"jar
face="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"jar

face="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 953-954, VEWT 188-9, ÝÑÒß 4, 17-18, Stachowski 121.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:.r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to miss, sinface="Times New Roman Star"ïðîìàõèâàòüñÿ, ãðåøèòüface="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jazyk (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"jaz-face="Times New Roman Star"jaz- (Pav. C., AH)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|z-

face="Times New Roman Star"jazyG (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"ja:z-, ja:zyq (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?as-
face="Times New Roman Star"jas-, d/as-

face="Times New Roman Star"sy:s-face="Times New Roman Star"hy:s-face="Times New Roman Star"c?as-
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az-face="Times New Roman Star"z?az-face="Times New Roman Star"jazyq (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"jad|-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|az-face="Times New Roman Star"jazyq (n.)
face="Times New Roman Star"z?az-
face="Times New Roman Star"jazyq (n.)face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 193 (should be distinguished from *a:r/-), ÝÑÒß 4, 72-73, TMN 4, 162, EDT 983-984, Stachowski 121.
face="Times New Roman Star"*job-
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to overwhelm with kindness 2 collective workface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîÿâèòü äîáðîòó 2 ïî/ìî÷ü
face="Times New Roman Star"jov-, jovsa- 1, jo"vtu"r- (caus.) (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jo:rum 'âîñïèòàíèå'





face="Times New Roman Star"jovar 2

face="Times New Roman Star"? d'o":z?o 'èìóùåñòâî'

face="Times New Roman Star"sobolon| 'payment for work'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 871, 873, 880
face="Times New Roman Star"*jok-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 up, above 2 hill, elevationface="Times New Roman Star"1 ââåðõ, íàâåðõ 2 âîçâûøåííîñòü, ïîäúåìface="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru 1, joq 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jukary 1, jokus? 2face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"joqaru (AH), juqar (Pav. C.) 1, joqus? (AH, Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"juqo|ri 1face="Times New Roman Star"juqari 1
face="Times New Roman Star"juxary, dial. uxary 1, joxus? 2face="Times New Roman Star"joqary 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|ar 1

face="Times New Roman Star"juqqar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sog|oru, sog|uru: 'South; centre'face="Times New Roman Star"soguru: 'South'

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|og|or(u) 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?og|ary 1
face="Times New Roman Star"jug|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"og|ary 1face="Times New Roman Star"juqar(y) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jog|ary 1, joqus?, joqys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?oqary 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 896, 906, ÝÑÒß 4, 213-214, 215, Stachowski 211.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jan|yr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lonely, singleface="Times New Roman Star"îäèíîêèé, åäèíñòâåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"jan|us (Yen.)





face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|ys
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yz (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ys, nag|ys
face="Times New Roman Star"d'an|ys

face="Times New Roman Star"sog|otox
face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|ys; jan|g|ys (Todzh.)face="Times New Roman Star"n/u:?sface="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|g|yz

face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yzface="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|g|yz




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, ÄÒÑ 235, ÝÑÒß 4, 98. Usually regarded as a contraction < jalan|g|uz, which is probably wrong in the face of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jol/aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"red clayface="Times New Roman Star"êðàñíàÿ ãëèíà

face="Times New Roman Star"jos?a (SDD)
face="Times New Roman Star"jus?a (MA)






face="Times New Roman Star"joz?o

face="Times New Roman Star"soho


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|os?o








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 128, ÝÑÒß 4, 31. Turk. > MMong. (MA) z?|us?a, WMong. z?|osa 'red clay, red earth' (rather than vice versa, despite VEWT 128 - although forms with -s- like Kaz., KKalp. z?osa are reborrowed from Mong.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?om- / *c?o"m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to dive 2 to swim 3 to scoop 4 to immerse, dip 5 scoopface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïîãðóæàòüñÿ, íûðÿòü 2 ïëàâàòü, êóïàòüñÿ 3 ÷åðïàòü 4 îêóíàòü 5 ÷åðïàê, êîâøface="Times New Roman Star"c?om- = c?o"m- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?o"m- 1 (MK), c?o"mc?e 5 (MK Oghuz)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?e 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- 1, c?u"mec? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 1 (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.m-(mo|q) 1, c?u.mic? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?om-, c?om-ul- (pass.) 1, c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?omys? 5 (ßÆÓ)face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mc?a" 5
face="Times New Roman Star"som- 1,2, somnax 'spoon'face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"m- 1, 4, c?omyjaq 'pannier made of birch bark'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?úw|m- 1 ( < Tat.?; c?úm 'jar' may be < Pers., see Ôåäîòîâ 2, 401)face="Times New Roman Star"som-us- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ym-yn- (refl.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"s?om- 1, s?omuq 'a small trough made of birch bark'face="Times New Roman Star"c?omul-/c?o"mu"l- 1, 2, c?o"mu"- 1, c?o"mo"- 4, c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?omaqa , s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"sumy- 1, su"mes 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"mu"c? 5
face="Times New Roman Star"(K) c?o"m- 1, (T) c?om- 1, 2, (H) com- 1, 'to flow'; (K) c?omyc?, (T) c?o"mu"c? 5face="Times New Roman Star"s?om-yl- (pass.) 1, 2, s?o"mis? 5face="Times New Roman Star"c?um- (c?o"m-) 1, 2 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"c?om- 4, c?omuc? 5face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 115, TMN 3, 95-99, EDT 422, Åãîðîâ 319. Cf. also *c?amc?ak / -y- 'big spoon' (VEWT 98; < *c?om-c?ak?). Various forms meaning 'to squat' may belong here as well (cf.: Tur. c?o"mel-, Az. c?o"ma"l-, Gag. c?o"mel-, Turkm. c?ommal-, Tat. c?u"ma"s?-, Kaz. s?o"mej-, KBalk. c?o"mel- ('trip over'; cf. also c?o"mel-t- 'to turn over; dip someone into water'), with a secondary semantic development ('dip, dive' > 'fall or sit down, squat'); cf. similar semantic shifts in PT *c?o"k-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*juntface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"horse, mareface="Times New Roman Star"ëîøàäü, êîáûëàface="Times New Roman Star"junt (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"junt (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jont
face="Times New Roman Star"junt (Ettuhf.), junad (AH)

face="Times New Roman Star"jut, jot






face="Times New Roman Star"sono-g|os 'young horse'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 946, VEWT 211, ÝÑÒß 4, 253-254, TMN 4, 199-200. Despite Sinor 1965, 312, hardly a borrowing from Samoyed.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sonarface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hunting (with dogs)face="Times New Roman Star"îõîòà (ñ ñîáàêàìè)

face="Times New Roman Star"(Kurdak) sumar-la- 'to hunt' (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"sunar









face="Times New Roman Star"(Bulgar) somor 'dog'face="Times New Roman Star"sonor


face="Times New Roman Star"sonorface="Times New Roman Star"sonar-la- 'to trace' (ÊÒÒÑ)
face="Times New Roman Star"hunar





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 428, ÝÑÒß 7 (here related to *sony 'untouched snow or grass' which is rather dubious). Tat. > Chuv. sunar 'id.' (Ôåäîòîâ 2, 63).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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