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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAc?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to run away, fleeface="Times New Roman Star"óáåãàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (Orkh., Yen.)face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?- (Houts., AH, IM, MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|c?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gac?-face="Times New Roman Star"Gac?-face="Times New Roman Star"xas-face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-



face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-
face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-face="Times New Roman Star"qas-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"qas?-
face="Times New Roman Star"qac?-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, ÝÑÒß 5, 340-342.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:c?aface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"earthenware vessel, cupface="Times New Roman Star"ãëèíÿíûé ñîñóä, ÷àøà
face="Times New Roman Star"qac?a (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kap-kaz?|ak


face="Times New Roman Star"qac?a
face="Times New Roman Star"Gab-Gaz?|aGface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p-Ga:z?|aG




face="Times New Roman Star"xa:hax 'big leather-bag, big leather-sack'












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217 (hardly < Pers.), EDT 590, ÝÑÒß 5, 342-343.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:ta-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to stick into 2 nailface="Times New Roman Star"1 âîíçàòü(ñÿ) 2 ãâîçäü

face="Times New Roman Star"kada- 1, kadak 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qada- (Abush., Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qado|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qatag| 2face="Times New Roman Star"GadaG 2face="Times New Roman Star"Gadaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xudav 2 (Anatri)face="Times New Roman Star"xata:- 1face="Times New Roman Star"kata:- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadag| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qado: 2face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1, qadaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qada- 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217-8, ÝÑÒß 5, 180-182, TMN 3, 420-422, Àøì. XIV, 257, Stachowski 141. Because of the lack of ancient attestation one cannot exclude a borrowing < Mong. (although the variant qadag|a is very poorly represented there, and may itself be borrowed < Turk.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.jyn-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to boil (Intr.)face="Times New Roman Star"âàðèòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"qajyn- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kajna-face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- (Qutb., IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|jne|-face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gajna-face="Times New Roman Star"Gajna-face="Times New Roman Star"xajna-
face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-

face="Times New Roman Star"ky:j- (kyn/n/y-)face="Times New Roman Star"kyjnar-, ky:jnar- (trans.)face="Times New Roman Star"xajyn-face="Times New Roman Star"xe:in-face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-
face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-
face="Times New Roman Star"qajna-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 222, ÝÑÒß 5, 203-205, Stachowski 168, 171.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to stay behind, remainface="Times New Roman Star"îñòàâàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Orkh., OUygh., Yenis.)face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal- (Sangl., Qutb., Houts., AH, IM, MA, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|l-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gal-face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:l-face="Times New Roman Star"xal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-
face="Times New Roman Star"jol-face="Times New Roman Star"xa:l-face="Times New Roman Star"ka:l-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"qal-

face="Times New Roman Star"qal-
face="Times New Roman Star"qal-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 615-616, VEWT 224, ÝÑÒß 5, 226-227, Åãîðîâ 347, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 483, Stachowski 142.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:la-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to heap up, pile upface="Times New Roman Star"íàêëàäûâàòü, íàãðîìîæäàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qala- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kala-, gala-
face="Times New Roman Star"qala- (Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|la-face="Times New Roman Star"qala-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gala-face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Ga:la-

face="Times New Roman Star"qala-

face="Times New Roman Star"xa:la-


face="Times New Roman Star"qala-face="Times New Roman Star"qala-face="Times New Roman Star"qala-
face="Times New Roman Star"qala-

face="Times New Roman Star"qala-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 224, EDT 617, ÝÑÒß 5, 228-229.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kalpakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hatface="Times New Roman Star"øàïêà, øëÿïà

face="Times New Roman Star"kalpakface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qalpo|qface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalmaq
face="Times New Roman Star"Galpaqface="Times New Roman Star"xalbax, xalpax



face="Times New Roman Star"xalpa:q


face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalfaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq
face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 234-235. The word is not attested in OT; cf. however the common Slavic loanword *klobukú, attested in Russian sources already in the 12th century (in ÷üðíèè êëîáóöè 'black hats' = the Karakalpaks, but with characteristically Bulgarian phonology).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.maface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 beaver 2 otterface="Times New Roman Star"1 áîáåð 2 âûäðà


face="Times New Roman Star"qama 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qama 2


face="Times New Roman Star"xam-nos, xam c?at (Âåðá.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qamna(g|y) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qamdu 2
face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|ma 'beaver, marten'






face="Times New Roman Star"qama 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qama 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 242, Ëåêñèêà 162, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 145. Also PT *Kam-tur/ 'beaver, otter' (VEWT 228, Ëåêñèêà 162) (*Kam-tur/ may be a compound < *Kama + *utyr/ 'otter' q. v. sub *o/n|du; Ëåêñèêà ibid., however, suggests rather *Kam-luc?, with a diminutive *-luc?. There is also a variant *Kun-tur/ (with *Kunu 'wolverine'? - see, however, TMN 3, 524, with a suggestion of Turk. < Pers.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:ma-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 become blinded, dumb 2 (set) teeth on edge 3 to be tired, pine, droopface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëåïíóòü, ãëîõíóòü 2 íàáèâàòü îñêîìèíó 3 óñòàâàòü, èçíåìîãàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- (Orkh.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"qama- (MK, KB) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"kamas?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- (Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä., MA) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qe|me|s?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Gamas?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:mas?- 2








face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qamas?- 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qamas- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qama- 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, ÝÑÒß 5, 242-243, 246-247. Cf. also Kirgh., Kaz. qam 'sorrow', Turkm. Gam GajGy 'mischief, sorrow'. Turk. > MMong. (MA) qama- id. (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 197).
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAmgakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"saltwort, Salsulaface="Times New Roman Star"ñîëÿíêà, ïîòàøíèê, Salsulaface="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq (Qutb., Pav. C.), qamqaq (Houts.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|mg|o|qface="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq

face="Times New Roman Star"Gamaq








face="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"qan|baqface="Times New Roman Star"qambaqface="Times New Roman Star"qamg|aq


face="Times New Roman Star"qan|baq
face="Times New Roman Star"qammaqface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 627, VEWT 229, ÝÑÒß 5, 244-245.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bloodface="Times New Roman Star"êðîâüface="Times New Roman Star"qan (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qan (MA, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|nface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"Ganface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nface="Times New Roman Star"xanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qa:nface="Times New Roman Star"jonface="Times New Roman Star"xa:nface="Times New Roman Star"ka:nface="Times New Roman Star"xanface="Times New Roman Star"xanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"Ga(:)nface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 360-361, EDT 629-630, ÝÑÒß 5, 251, Åãîðîâ 349, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 486, Stachowski 142. Turk. > WMong. qana- 'to let bleed' (KW 166, TMN 3, 361, Ùåðáàê 1997, 133).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:n-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be satisfiedface="Times New Roman Star"áûòü óäîâëåòâîðåííûìface="Times New Roman Star"qan- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qan- (MK, KB, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"kan-face="Times New Roman Star"qan-face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qan- (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|n-face="Times New Roman Star"qan-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gan-face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:n-face="Times New Roman Star"xan-face="Times New Roman Star"qan-face="Times New Roman Star"qan-

face="Times New Roman Star"xan-face="Times New Roman Star"kan-face="Times New Roman Star"xan-
face="Times New Roman Star"qan-face="Times New Roman Star"qan-face="Times New Roman Star"qan-face="Times New Roman Star"qan-face="Times New Roman Star"qan-

face="Times New Roman Star"qan-
face="Times New Roman Star"qan-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 632, VEWT 230, ÝÑÒß 5, 251-252, Stachowski 136.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:jnatface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 wing 2 finface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûëî 2 ïëàâíèêface="Times New Roman Star"qanat (OUygh.- YB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kanat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Abush., MA) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qano|t 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qejnat 1face="Times New Roman Star"Ganad, ga"na"d (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat 1face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2, qanar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"kynat, kyjyat 1face="Times New Roman Star"kynat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Kakuk,ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 137, Ëåêñèêà 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial s/- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAn|-c?ykface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 bitch 2 femaleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñóêà 2 ñàìêàface="Times New Roman Star"qanc?yq (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanc?yq (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kanz?|yk 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qanc?yq (Pav. C., Houts., Qutb.), qanc?uq (AH) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qe|nz?|iq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanc?uq, qanz?|iq (dial.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Ganz?|yG 1face="Times New Roman Star"Ganz?|yq 1








face="Times New Roman Star"qanc?yq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qans?yq, qan|s?y 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanz?|yq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qansyq, qansaj 1


face="Times New Roman Star"qans?yq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qanc?yq 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, ÝÑÒß 5, 255-256, Ëåêñèêà 190. The original *-n|- is probably preserved in Kaz. qan|s?y.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:pface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sack 2 to surroundface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåøîê 2 îêðóæàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MA, IM), qaba- 'to besiege' (Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1, dial. qaba- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gabface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p 1, Ga:ba- 2face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1

face="Times New Roman Star"xappar 1 (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap/b- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ÝÑÒß 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Ka:puk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to snatch, take 2 to biteface="Times New Roman Star"1 áðàòü, õâàòàòü 2 êóñàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qap- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kap- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qap- (AH, IM, Pav. C., Qutb) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"Gap- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"xyp- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"xap- 1,2

face="Times New Roman Star"qa'p- 'to grab with one's mouth; bite (of fish)'face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qab- 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2
face="Times New Roman Star"qap- 1,2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, EDT 580, ÝÑÒß 5, 264-265, TMN 3, 373-374.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kybak / *Kabakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"white poplar, willowface="Times New Roman Star"áåëûé òîïîëü, èâà

face="Times New Roman Star"kavakface="Times New Roman Star"quvaqface="Times New Roman Star"qawaq (Houts.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq (Jarr.)
face="Times New Roman Star"GovaG


face="Times New Roman Star"qa:q, dial. qabaq
face="Times New Roman Star"õúw|va

face="Times New Roman Star"xa:kface="Times New Roman Star"xa:k


face="Times New Roman Star"qywaq
face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 215, ÝÑÒß 5, 170-171, TMN 3, 534-535. The variant *Kabak is probably secondary, due to vowel assimilation; qapaq in Uygh. is also secondary - a contamination with *Kap- 'cover'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:p-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to swell, form blisters 2 thick, swollen 3 hill, moundface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàñïóõàòü, íàðûâàòü 2 òîëñòûé, ðàñïóõøèé 3 õîëì, âîçâûøåíèå
face="Times New Roman Star"qapar- 1, qapa (MK) 3face="Times New Roman Star"kabar- 1, kaba 2face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qaba 2face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) qabar- (AH) 1, qaba (Houts., AH) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qapa(r)- 1, dial. qova 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Gabar- 1, Gaba 2face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:bar- 1, Ga:ba 2



face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|ba-lan- 1face="Times New Roman Star"xaba-lan- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xavar-, xapyj- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qabaq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qaba 2face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qabaq 3


face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qapa 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qabar- 1, qaba 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 215, 233, ÝÑÒß 5, 158, 165-166.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cover (n.) 2 gate, door 3 to closeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûøêà 2 âîðîòà, äâåðü 3 çàêðûâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qapag|, qapyg| (Orkh., OUygh.) 2, qapg|y (Orkh.) 2, qapaq (OUygh.) 1, qap- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qapug| (MK, KB), qapg|aq (MK) 1, qapug| (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"kapak 1, kapy 2, kapa- 3, kap- 3face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qapqaq 1, qapqa 2, qapla- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qabag| (Qutb.) 1, qapu (Houts., Pav. C.) 2, qabug| (Qutb.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pe|qo|q 1, qo|pqe| 2, qo|ple|- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qap(q)aq 1, dial. qobug| 2, qapla- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"GapaG 1, Gapy 2, Gapa- 3face="Times New Roman Star"Gapaq 1, Gapy 2, dial. Gap- 3face="Times New Roman Star"xaxpax 1face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, xop(la)- 3face="Times New Roman Star"xappax 1face="Times New Roman Star"kappakta:- 'to cover'face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qapqaq 1, qapqa 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 1, qapy 2, qap(l)a- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qapqa 2, qapla- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2face="Times New Roman Star"qa:vu 2 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"qapu 2, qabaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 203, TMN 3, 369, ÝÑÒß 5, 160, 263-264, 274-275, Ëåêñèêà 510, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358-359, Stachowski 138 (there is also a variant *Ka:p- - due to merger with another root *Ka:p-, v. sub *k[a:]p`a/; the meaning 'cover' here is probably secondary). Turk. > Mong. qabqag| 'cover' (whence Evk. kapkak, see Doerfer MT 125), qabqa 'gate', see TMN 3, 371, 415, Hung. kapu 'gate', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kaptalface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sideface="Times New Roman Star"áîê



face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal (R - ShS, Vam.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pto|lface="Times New Roman Star"qaptal

face="Times New Roman Star"Gapdal

face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal

face="Times New Roman Star"xaptal


face="Times New Roman Star"qaptalface="Times New Roman Star"qaptal
face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal


face="Times New Roman Star"qaptal

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 267-268.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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