| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*de:- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to say | face="Times New Roman Star"ñêàçàòü, ãîâîðèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"te- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"te- (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"di- | face="Times New Roman Star"di- (Abush.), te- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"da"- | face="Times New Roman Star"di- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"di:- | face="Times New Roman Star"t@- | face="Times New Roman Star"te- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"te- | face="Times New Roman Star"die- | face="Times New Roman Star"die- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"te- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"ti- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"dij- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 467-8, EDT 433-4, ÝÑÒß 3, 221-224, Stachowski 79. Kypchak and some other languages preserve voiced d- due to the word's grammaticalized usage. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ten|ri / *tan|ry | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 god 2 sky, heaven | face="Times New Roman Star"1 áîã 2 íåáî | face="Times New Roman Star"ten|ri 2 (Orkh.), 1, 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ten|ri 1, 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"tanry 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"n|re 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ten|ri 1 (Sangl., MKypch. - CCum., AH et al.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ri 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"n|ri 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ten|er 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tanry 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ry 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tig@r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tegri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ten|eri 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tora 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ara 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ara 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"de:r 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"de:re 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ten|ir 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ta"n|re 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tejri 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tan|ry, ten|ri 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"n|ir 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tanru (ÑÑß) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 474, TMN 2, 577, EDT 523-524, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 252, Stachowski 217. Turk. > Mong. ten|geri > Evk. tin|eri, Sol. ten|er (see Doerfer MT 236). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*te:k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 odd 2 only, solitary 3 understanding nothing 4 zero 5 vain, in vain | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íå÷åòíûé 2 åäèíñòâåííûé, òîëüêî 3 íè÷åãî íå ïîíèìàþùèé 4 íîëü 5 íàïðàñíûé, íàïðàñíî | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 2 (Sangl.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ta"k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ta":k 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tik 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tik 3, tek 3, 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tek 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tegaran 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tegin 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 470, TMN 2, 660, EDT 475. Turk. > Mong. Khalkha teg `zero', Kalm. teg 'kurz, niedrig' (KW 389). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tep- / *de:p- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to stamp, tramp | face="Times New Roman Star"òîïòàòü, ïèíàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tep- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"tep-, dial. dep- | face="Times New Roman Star"tip- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"p- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"p-, da"p- | face="Times New Roman Star"dep-, da":b-s?-e- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep-, tip- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"p- | face="Times New Roman Star"tab- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"te'p- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"tip- | face="Times New Roman Star"teber- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"tep- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tep- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 474, EDT 435, ÝÑÒß 3, 195-197, Stachowski 221. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Teb | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 time 2 day and night (*Teb-lu"k) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âðåìÿ 2 ñóòêè |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ta"wl@k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tewlu"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"vlik 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tep 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"talúk 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"teppiz?e 'earlier' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tevlu"k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ta"w 'at first', ta"wl@k 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tevlik 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 468, Åãîðîâ 229, Ëåêñèêà 69. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*de.r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sweat | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîò | face="Times New Roman Star"ter (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ter (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"tir | face="Times New Roman Star"ter (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"da"r (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"der | face="Times New Roman Star"tir | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"tar, te.r (NW) | face="Times New Roman Star"tir-it- 'to sweat' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"der |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"tir | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"ter | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 474, EDT 528, ÝÑÒß 3, 203-204. Chuvash dialects show a variation between e/e.. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*de.ri | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"skin | face="Times New Roman Star"êîæà | face="Times New Roman Star"teri (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"teri (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"deri | face="Times New Roman Star"tire | face="Times New Roman Star"teri (MA, Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"teri | face="Times New Roman Star"tera" | face="Times New Roman Star"tery | face="Times New Roman Star"da"ri | face="Times New Roman Star"deri | face="Times New Roman Star"te:r | face="Times New Roman Star"tere | face="Times New Roman Star"tere | face="Times New Roman Star"teri | face="Times New Roman Star"tir@ | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri: | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri: |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tere (Ðàñ. ÔèË) | face="Times New Roman Star"teri | face="Times New Roman Star"teri | face="Times New Roman Star"teri | face="Times New Roman Star"tire | face="Times New Roman Star"teri | face="Times New Roman Star"deri | face="Times New Roman Star"tery | face="Times New Roman Star"teri | face="Times New Roman Star"ci:ry | face="Times New Roman Star"teri | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 530, ÝÑÒß 3, 207-208, Ëåêñèêà 383, Stachowski 223. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*de.rek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 poplar 2 tree | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òîïîëü 2 äåðåâî |
| face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"tirek (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tire|k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 (Abush., Sangl., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"terak 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dera"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"derek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tirek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tirek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tirex 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tira"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"terak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"terek 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"terek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 543, ÝÑÒß 3, 205-206, Ëåêñèêà 105, 134-135. Iranian origin is quite improbable. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*derin| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"deep | face="Times New Roman Star"ãëóáîêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"terin| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"terin| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"derin | face="Times New Roman Star"tira"n | face="Times New Roman Star"terin| (Sangl.), teren| (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"teran |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"da"rin | face="Times New Roman Star"deri:n| (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tiren| | face="Times New Roman Star"teren| | face="Times New Roman Star"teren| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tarún | face="Times New Roman Star"dirin| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"teren| | face="Times New Roman Star"deren| | face="Times New Roman Star"teren| | face="Times New Roman Star"teren| | face="Times New Roman Star"teren | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"ra"n | face="Times New Roman Star"teren | face="Times New Roman Star"derin | face="Times New Roman Star"teren | face="Times New Roman Star"teren| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"teren | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475, EDT 551, ÝÑÒß 3, 208-209, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 179. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*terku" ( ? -i-) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"saddle straps | face="Times New Roman Star"òîðîêà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tergu" (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"terki `rear saddlebow' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"terki (Pav. C.), (MKypch.) tergu" (Houts.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ta"rk `place behind the saddle' | face="Times New Roman Star"tirkis? | face="Times New Roman Star"tirg@ | face="Times New Roman Star"terig | face="Times New Roman Star"terki |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"rt `back, back side', tu"rt-l@x '÷ðåññåäåëüíèê' | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rgu": |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dergi |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 475-476, EDT 544, TMN 2, 499-500. The stem is connected - in a somewhat unclear fashion - with *tirke- 'to hitch' (derived from tiz- 'to string' in Õåëèìñêèé 1986 and Äûáî 1995, 282 - but the latter should be properly reconstructed as *dir/-, so this derivation is by no means certain). External evidence suggests that *-i- is original here; the vowel *-e- in *terku" may be due to the influence of *de:r-ke- 'to gather; equip' (see *de:r-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tEr/ek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"dung | face="Times New Roman Star"íàâîç | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek (OUygh. - YB) | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"tiza"k, kiza"k | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek (Sangl., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"tezak | face="Times New Roman Star"teza"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ta"za"k | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"tizek | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"za"k | face="Times New Roman Star"? tir@s |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"de's 'clotted blood' | face="Times New Roman Star"de's 'clotted blood' (Ðàñ. ÔèË) | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"tid|a"k | face="Times New Roman Star"tezgek | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"tez'ak | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"tesex, to"zex (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"tezek | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477, TMN 2, 508, EDT 574, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 236. Chuv. > Tat., Bashk. tires. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*de:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to collect, gather | face="Times New Roman Star"ñîáèðàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ter- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"te:.r- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"der- | face="Times New Roman Star"tir-, tijr- (ÊÑÒÒ) | face="Times New Roman Star"te.r- (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ter- | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"r/j- | face="Times New Roman Star"ter- | face="Times New Roman Star"da"r-, der- | face="Times New Roman Star"ti:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"tir-, te:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"te:r- | face="Times New Roman Star"ter- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"terij- | face="Times New Roman Star"terij- | face="Times New Roman Star"deri- 'ñíàðÿæàòü' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ter- | face="Times New Roman Star"ter- | face="Times New Roman Star"ter- | face="Times New Roman Star"tir- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ter- | face="Times New Roman Star"te:re- (ÑÑß) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 529, VEWT 475, ÝÑÒß 3, 204-205, Stachowski 221. Turkm. has an irregular devoicing (old Kypchak influence?). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*di:ri- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to live 2 alive 3 to revive | face="Times New Roman Star"1 æèòü 2 æèâîé 3 îæèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"tirig 2, tiri-l- 3 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tirig 2, tiri-l- 3 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"diri 2, diri-l- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tere, terek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri (Abush.), tirik, tirig (Sangl.) 2, tiri-l- 3 (Sangl.), (MKypch.) tiri1 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"tirik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tirik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"terik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"diri 2, diri-l- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"di:ri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"t@r@g 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tirig 2, tiri-l- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiru" 2, tiri-l- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?@r@ 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tilin- 'to revive' | face="Times New Roman Star"tillij- 'to revive' | face="Times New Roman Star"dirig 2, diri-l- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"dirig 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri, tirik, tiru": 2, tiri-l- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tere 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"diri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tiri 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 481, EDT 529, 543-544, 547-548, ÝÑÒß 3, 240-242, Åãîðîâ 324, Ôåäîòîâ 414, Stachowski 223. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*di:l/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"tooth | face="Times New Roman Star"çóá | face="Times New Roman Star"tis? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tys? (MK), tis? (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"dis? | face="Times New Roman Star"tes? | face="Times New Roman Star"tis? (MA, Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tis? | face="Times New Roman Star"tis?, c?is? | face="Times New Roman Star"dys | face="Times New Roman Star"dis? | face="Times New Roman Star"di:s? | face="Times New Roman Star"t@s | face="Times New Roman Star"tis? | face="Times New Roman Star"dis? | face="Times New Roman Star"ti:s? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ti:s | face="Times New Roman Star"ti:s | face="Times New Roman Star"dis? | face="Times New Roman Star"dis? | face="Times New Roman Star"tis? | face="Times New Roman Star"tis | face="Times New Roman Star"tis | face="Times New Roman Star"tes? | face="Times New Roman Star"tis? | face="Times New Roman Star"dis? | face="Times New Roman Star"tys? | face="Times New Roman Star"tis | face="Times New Roman Star"cis? | face="Times New Roman Star"tis? | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 481, EDT 557, 564-5, ÝÑÒß 3, 242-244, Ëåêñèêà 228, Stachowski 224. Cf. also PT *di:l/-le- 'to bite'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*di:r/ (*du":r/) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"knee | face="Times New Roman Star"êîëåíî | face="Times New Roman Star"tiz (Orkh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tizle- (MK) 'to press with one's knees' | face="Times New Roman Star"diz | face="Times New Roman Star"tez | face="Times New Roman Star"diz (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"tiz | face="Times New Roman Star"tiz | face="Times New Roman Star"dyz | face="Times New Roman Star"diz | face="Times New Roman Star"dy:z | face="Times New Roman Star"t@zek | face="Times New Roman Star"tize (R., Âåðá.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tize | face="Times New Roman Star"ti:z | face="Times New Roman Star"c?@r-pus/s/i | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"hex |
| face="Times New Roman Star"diskek | face="Times New Roman Star"tiskek | face="Times New Roman Star"tize | face="Times New Roman Star"tize | face="Times New Roman Star"tiz | face="Times New Roman Star"ted| | face="Times New Roman Star"tiz | face="Times New Roman Star"dis/ | face="Times New Roman Star"tyz | face="Times New Roman Star"dize | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"zy, tizy | face="Times New Roman Star"tiz | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 482, EDT 570, ÝÑÒß 3, 336-337, Åãîðîâ 323, Ëåêñèêà 284. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dil/i | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 female 2 woman | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñàìêà 2 æåíùèíà | face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i (Abush., Sangl.) 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tese 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"t@z@ 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiz?i 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tiz?i 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tyhy 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyhy 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"diz?i 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"dis?i, tis?i 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tis?i 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 482, EDT 560-561, ÝÑÒß 3, 244-245, Ëåêñèêà 315, Stachowski 237. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dy:n | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 spirit, breath 2 rest 3 to rest 4 to pant 5 to breathe 6 quiet 7 sultriness | face="Times New Roman Star"1 äûõàíèå, äóõ 2 îòäûõ 3 îòäûõàòü 4 çàäûõàòüñÿ 5 äûøàòü 6 ñïîêîéíûé 7 äóõîòà | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1 (MK, KB), tyn 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, din-le- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn- 3 (Pav. C., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tin- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tin- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tync?-yx- 4, dinc? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dy:nc? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5, tyn-a-n- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5, tyn-a-n- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, 2, tyn- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"tinc? 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?@m 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ty:n 1, ty:n- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ty:n 1, ty:n- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 3, 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys 1, tyn-s?-yq- 4, tyn-s?-a-j- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn-s-yw 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"tin 1, tyn-c?-y- 'to rot, addle', tyn-c?-aj- 3, tyn-ym 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"din-ne-n- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn- 5, tync 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 1, tyn- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tyn-ys? 1, tyn-c?-aj- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 478, EDT 512, ÝÑÒß 3, 341-345, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 38-39, Stachowski 238, 239. Some Oghuz reflexes have voiceless t-, probably because of Kypchak influence; still the reconstruction of *d- seems preferable. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dyn| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 very, strongly 2 strong, powerful 3 healthy 4 power 5 compact, dense (of earth) 6 to become strong 7 virgin soil | face="Times New Roman Star"1 î÷åíü, ñèëüíî, ÷ðåçâû÷àéíî 2 êðåïêèé, ñèëüíûé, ìîùíûé 3 çäîðîâûé 4 ñèëà, ìî÷ü 5 çàëåæíûé, ïëîòíûé (î çåìëå) 6 îêðåïíóòü 7 öåëèíà | face="Times New Roman Star"tin| u"rki 'recent' (OUygh. - ÄÒÑ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"din 1, dinc? 2, 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tin-ka 4, tin| 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"tin| 5 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"din| 1, din|e 'only' | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"túnk 'crammed, stuffed' | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dyn| 1, dyn|zyg| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"dyn|zy- 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2, tyn|- 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 2, 7, tyn|-aj- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dinc? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tyn| 7 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tyn 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 478, Stachowski 238. Turk. > WMong. c?in|, c?in|g|a (KW 437, 441), whence Nan. c?i.n|qi. et al. (ÒÌÑ 2, 397). Derivatives with the meaning 'healthy' in ÝÑÒß 3, 344-345 are erroneously attributed to dyn- 'rest'; Yak. tyn|, dyn| 'strained, tense' belongs not here (despite VEWT, but to tyn|- 'pull, stretch'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*tyky- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to stuff in, press in | face="Times New Roman Star"íàáèâàòü, âäàâëèâàòü, âòûêàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"tyka- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tiq- | face="Times New Roman Star"tiq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tyx- | face="Times New Roman Star"dyq- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyx- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyqta- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?yx- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dyg|y- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyg|y- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tyqa- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- | face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tyq- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 477-478, EDT 465, ÝÑÒß 3, 337-340, Ìóäðàê 75. The Turkm. form with a voiced d- is quite irregular and probably reflects a merger with *dik- `to insert, plant vertically'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dyrn|a-k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"finger-nail, claw | face="Times New Roman Star"íîãîòü, êîãîòü | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrn|aq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrn|aq (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnak | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrn|aq/tyrn|ag| (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tirno|q | face="Times New Roman Star"tirnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"d@rmaq | face="Times New Roman Star"dyrnaG | face="Times New Roman Star"dyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrg|ax | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrg|aq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrGaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"c?@rne | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|yrax | face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|yrak | face="Times New Roman Star"dyrg|aq | face="Times New Roman Star"dyrg|aq 'comb' | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnax | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"z|yrna(:)x| | face="Times New Roman Star"tyrnaq | face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *dyrn|a- 'to scratch, scrape'. See VEWT 465, 479, TMN 3, 200 (there are no reasons to postulate different roots here: we have obviously a case of a complicated behaviour of the medial -n|-); EDT 551, 549-50, ÝÑÒß III 345-349, Åãîðîâ 324, Äûáî 312, 323-325, Ëåêñèêà 258, Stachowski 238. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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