| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*keler / *keler/ / *kelte | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"lizard | face="Times New Roman Star"ÿùåðèöà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"keler (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"keler (dial.), kelez (dial.), kelte-keler (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"keles (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"lti-ka"las, ka"lo|s (dial.), ka"lta" (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kile|r (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kesilk@ | face="Times New Roman Star"kelez, ka"la"z |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kilesk@ | face="Times New Roman Star"kelesken | face="Times New Roman Star"keleski |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kalda |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xeleske |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 30-32, 34, Ëåêñèêà 180-181; *keler/ > Mong. keles, see Ùåðáàê 1997, 126. Despite ÝÑÒß the Chuv. form cannot be borrowed from Tat; rather, vice versa, some Volga-Qypchaq languages have borrowed the Bulg. word. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*kic?u"k /-g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"small, little | face="Times New Roman Star"ìàëåíüêèé | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ig (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u"g (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"c?u"k, kic?i (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?e | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ik (IM, AH, Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ik | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ik | face="Times New Roman Star"kyc?ig| | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?ik | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?i | face="Times New Roman Star"k@c?@g |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u" |
| face="Times New Roman Star"k@z/@n | face="Times New Roman Star"kuc?c?uguj | face="Times New Roman Star"kuc?c?uguj, ku"c?c?u"gu"j |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kic?u": | face="Times New Roman Star"k@s?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?kej | face="Times New Roman Star"kese | face="Times New Roman Star"gic?c?e | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"c?u"k, ku"z?|u"k | face="Times New Roman Star"kic?kena" | face="Times New Roman Star"k@s?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?|i |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 269, EDT 696, ÝÑÒß 5, 75-77, Stachowski 159, 163. On Turk. > Hung. kis 'small' see Gombocz 1912. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*kem, *Ka- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 who 2 which | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êòî 2 êàêîé | face="Times New Roman Star"kem (OT, OUygh.) 1, qaju (OT, OUygh.), qanu (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kem?kim (MK, KB) qaju (MK, KB) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim (Abush., IM) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim, kem (dial.) 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kam 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, xaja 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, kaja 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qym 1, qajy 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qum 1, qai 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1, qaj 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kem 1, qaj (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kim 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"m 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 271, EDT 720-721, ÝÑÒß 5, 67-68, 191-192, Stachowski 134, 147. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*kir | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"dirt | face="Times New Roman Star"ãðÿçü | face="Times New Roman Star"kir (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kir (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"ker | face="Times New Roman Star"kir (Houts., Pav. C, AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"kir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"k@r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kir@k 'dirt on body, dandruff' | face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"xir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"ker |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"kir |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kir | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 735, VEWT 271, ÝÑÒß 5, 69-70, Stachowski 148. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyryl/ / *kiril/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bow string | face="Times New Roman Star"òåòèâà | face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? | face="Times New Roman Star"keres? | face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? (Pav. C., IM, AH, Qutb.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? | face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? | face="Times New Roman Star"k@r@s, xyrys | face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? | face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xirlu" | face="Times New Roman Star"kiris, kyrys |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kiric? |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kiris | face="Times New Roman Star"keres? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kiris? | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 71-72, Ëåêñèêà 578. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"eyelash | face="Times New Roman Star"ðåñíèöà | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"kerfek | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik (Sangl., Pav. C.), kirpu"k (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"kiprik | face="Times New Roman Star"ki(r)pik | face="Times New Roman Star"kirmik | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"k@rb@k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kirbik | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"xúrbúx, xúrbúk, (dial.) xúrbu | face="Times New Roman Star"kirba"j, kirbi: 'edge' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kirbik |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"k@rp@k | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"kerpek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kirpik | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 272, EDT 737-738, ÝÑÒß 5, 74-75, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 333-334, Ëåêñèêà 213. Cf. also the verb *Kyrm- / *Kyrp- 'to wink' (ÝÑÒß 6, 221). The front row variant here is probably secondary. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*kil/i | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"person, people | face="Times New Roman Star"÷åëîâåê, ëþäè | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kes?e | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kisi | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"k@z@ | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?i |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kihi | face="Times New Roman Star"kihi | face="Times New Roman Star"kiz?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kisi | face="Times New Roman Star"kisi | face="Times New Roman Star"kes?e | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kisi | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"kis?i | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 272, EDT 752-753, ÝÑÒß 5, 78-79, Ëåêñèêà 325, Stachowski 147. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to migrate, nomadize 2 nomadizing | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìèãðèðîâàòü, êî÷åâàòü 2 êî÷åâêà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 (MK, KB), ko"c? 2 (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"c?- 1, ku"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"z?|- 1, ko"c? 2 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.c?- 1, ko.c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kec?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kos/- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1, ko"s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s- 1, ko"s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'s?- 1, ko"'s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'s?- 1, ko"'s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1, ko"c? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"s 'ðîé', ku"s- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1, go"c? 'luggage' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"c?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"s?- 1, ko"s? 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"c?- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 693, 694, Ëåêñèêà 489, ÝÑÒß 3, 88-90, TMN 3, 622, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 315, Stachowski 158. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"jn|e-lek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"shirt | face="Times New Roman Star"ðóáàøêà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|lek (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jna"k, dial. go"n|lek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|lek (Sangl., MA, Pav. C., Áîð. Áàä.), ko"jnek (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.jnak, ko.jlak | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|la"k, ko"n|nek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jnek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jnek, dial. go"mlek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"genek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"nek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"nek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nju"ga"s 'ñòàðèííîå íàçâàíèå äîõè' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xo"jlen| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jnek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jlek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lda"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lek | face="Times New Roman Star"go"lma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lmek | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"jlek |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"lek | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 290-291, EDT 732, ÝÑÒß 5, 89-90, Ëåêñèêà 384, 476-477. Turk. > WMong. ku"jileg, Kalm. ki:l@g (KW 234), MMong. ko"n|lek (TMN 3, 615, Ùåðáàê 1997, 128). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"root | face="Times New Roman Star"êîðåíü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (AH, Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|k (Anatri) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 287, EDT 708, TMN 3, 598, ÝÑÒß 5, 91-92, Ëåêñèêà 109. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"healthy, big, thick | face="Times New Roman Star"çäîðîâûé, áîëüøîé, òîëñòûé |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (dial.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 93. Turkic > Khalkha xo"x 'massive (of muscles, flesh etc.)' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 seam 2 thin straps for sewing 3 to sew, lace 4 to tack 5 tack, basting 6 needlework 7 to fasten | face="Times New Roman Star"1 øîâ 2 òîíêèå ðåìåøêè äëÿ øèòüÿ 3 ïðîøèâàòü, ñòåãàòü, ïîäøèâàòü 4 îáìåòûâàòü, ïðèìåòàòü 5 íàìåòêà 6 øèòüå 7 ïðèñîåäèíÿòü, ïðèâÿçûâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (OUygh.) 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kle- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"kle|- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k (Sangl., Abush.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.k 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 5, ko"kle|- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 5, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kte- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 6, ko"kto"- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kúgúr- 7 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'k (Todzh.) 1, ko"kte- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 2, ko"kto"- 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kle- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kle- 4 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"k 2, ko"kle- 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kle- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 287, EDT 708, ÝÑÒß 91. Following EDT (and despite VEWT and ÝÑÒß) we prefer to separate this root from *ko"k 'hinge, peg, tether' (v. sub *k`o:ki/). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"ku"r/ (/*go"gu"r/), *Ko"krek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 breast 2 middle of the back 3 reason, sense, emotion 4 female breast | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ãðóäü 2 ïîÿñíèöà, ñåðåäèíà ñïèíû 3 æåíñêàÿ ãðóäü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"z 1, 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"z 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"g|u"s 1, ko"krek 1 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1 (dial., ÊÑÒÒ), ku"kre|k 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gs, ko"gu"s (Sangl.), ko"ku"s (MA) 1, ko"krek (Abush., Áîð. Áàä.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.ks 1, 3, ko|kra"k 1, 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"s 1, ko"kra"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"s, go":s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ks, ko"ku"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"vu"s 1, ku"krek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gis 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"gu"s 1, 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|gúw|r 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"g|u"s 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ksu" 'back' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"ro"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"kra"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"rek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"gu":s 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kis 1, ko"kra"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"kirek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"frix 4? | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ku"rek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 714, VEWT 288, ÝÑÒß 3, 54-55, 5, 136-137, Ëåêñèêà 272-274, Stachowski 155. The Oghuz forms with k- (Turkm. ku"krek, Tur. dial. ko"krek) may be < Kypchak, cf. -u"- instead of -o"- in Turkm. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*[k]o":l | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"lake | face="Times New Roman Star"îçåðî | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l (IM, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko":l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l@ (NW), ku"l@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"o"l | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"go"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"See VEWT 288, ÝÑÒß 3, 69, 5, 95-96, Ëåêñèêà 91, Stachowski 165. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko":le | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 slave, servant 2 bastard 3 co-ruler, minister | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëóãà, ðàá 2 íåçàêîííîðîæäåííûé 3 ñîïðàâèòåëü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l (? ku"l) an Old Turkic title (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l ( ? ku"l) 3 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko":le 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lmo"k 'people' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xo"l 'guests that have arrived' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 288. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 shadow 2 to shadow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òåíü 2 äàâàòü òåíü, çàòåíÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lu"- (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lik (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"lge, ko"lge (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"le|ge| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lege (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.lke|, ku.le|ke| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le|n|ge|, ko"lige| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lga" 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lge 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le- 2, ko"lek 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo"- 2, ko"lo"n|o" 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"lege 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"lege 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo"ko" 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"letke 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"le|ge| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"lge 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"len|ke 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 288-289, 294, EDT 716-718, ÝÑÒß 5, 96-97, 128, Stachowski 164. Should be distinguished from *Ko"l/- 'to screen' (v. sub *ge:\l/a). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"mek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"help | face="Times New Roman Star"ïîìîùü |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"me|k 'collective, many people' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.me|k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"me|k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"me|k, keme|k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo" | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"me|k 'collective, many people' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mek | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 98-99, Stachowski 156. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"coal | face="Times New Roman Star"óãîëü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"mer | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r (MA, IM, Pav. C., AH), kimu"r (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.mir | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"(r) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m@r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|mrúw|k | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mo"r | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"mu"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m@r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m@r | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"mer | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m@r |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 289 (relating the stem to ko"m- 'to bury, dig' seems rather dubious), ÝÑÒß 5, 102-103, Ëåêñèêà 365, Stachowski 156. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"jn|-il | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"heart, mood | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåðäöå, äóõ | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n-u"l; go"ju"n, go"jn (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|@l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (Sangl., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nu"l | face="Times New Roman Star"go"vu"n, ko"n|-u"l (arch. - borrowed from Tu"rki) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko":l, ko"n|n-@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|n-u" | face="Times New Roman Star"ku":n | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:il | face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|m@w|l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l 'will, freedom' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l 'permission' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xo":l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|@l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nu"l, ko"lu"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il, kewil | face="Times New Roman Star"go"jn|y | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 291, EDT 731, ÝÑÒß 3, 75-77, Ëåêñèêà 274, Stachowski 156. Almost all languages reflect a suffixed form (a substantivized adjective in -il, see Gabain AG 75). Khak., Shor reflect a nominalized attributive form of ko"n|u"l. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"p- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to swell 2 foam | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íàáóõàòü 2 ïåíà | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pik, ko"pu"k (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pu"r- (MK) 1, ko"pu"k (MK) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pu"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"p- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.p- (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"pik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kúw|búw|k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"bu"j- 'pop up, float on the surface' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'vu"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"'pu"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"b@k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"p- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"p- 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"go"p- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 689, 691, VEWT 291, ÝÑÒß 5, 108-111, Stachowski 154. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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