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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kap-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cover (n.) 2 gate, door 3 to closeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûøêà 2 âîðîòà, äâåðü 3 çàêðûâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qapag|, qapyg| (Orkh., OUygh.) 2, qapg|y (Orkh.) 2, qapaq (OUygh.) 1, qap- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qapug| (MK, KB), qapg|aq (MK) 1, qapug| (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"kapak 1, kapy 2, kapa- 3, kap- 3face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qapqaq 1, qapqa 2, qapla- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qabag| (Qutb.) 1, qapu (Houts., Pav. C.) 2, qabug| (Qutb.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qo|pe|qo|q 1, qo|pqe| 2, qo|ple|- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qap(q)aq 1, dial. qobug| 2, qapla- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"GapaG 1, Gapy 2, Gapa- 3face="Times New Roman Star"Gapaq 1, Gapy 2, dial. Gap- 3face="Times New Roman Star"xaxpax 1face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xobú 1, xop(la)- 3face="Times New Roman Star"xappax 1face="Times New Roman Star"kappakta:- 'to cover'face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qapqaq 1, qapqa 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq 1, qapy 2, qap(l)a- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qapqa 2, qapla- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"qabaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaqpaq 1, qapy 2, qaqpa 2face="Times New Roman Star"qa:vu 2 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"qapu 2, qabaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 203, TMN 3, 369, ÝÑÒß 5, 160, 263-264, 274-275, Ëåêñèêà 510, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 358-359, Stachowski 138 (there is also a variant *Ka:p- - due to merger with another root *Ka:p-, v. sub *k[a:]p`a/; the meaning 'cover' here is probably secondary). Turk. > Mong. qabqag| 'cover' (whence Evk. kapkak, see Doerfer MT 125), qabqa 'gate', see TMN 3, 371, 415, Hung. kapu 'gate', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAkface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"dryface="Times New Roman Star"ñóõîé
face="Times New Roman Star"qaq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. kak, kahface="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"qaq (Sangl., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|qface="Times New Roman Star"qaq
face="Times New Roman Star"Gaxface="Times New Roman Star"qaq

face="Times New Roman Star"qaq





face="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"qaq


face="Times New Roman Star"qaq
face="Times New Roman Star"qaqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ÝÑÒß 5, 218-220, EDT 608.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to hit, knock, tearface="Times New Roman Star"áèòü, ñòó÷àòü, ðâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kak-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- (Houts., AH, Qutb, MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|q-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gax-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-, qaqyl-face="Times New Roman Star"xax-
face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-


face="Times New Roman Star"kakryj- 'break into small pieces'face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qa'q-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-
face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ÝÑÒß 5, 221-222, Stachowski 135.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"snowface="Times New Roman Star"ñíåãface="Times New Roman Star"qar (Orkh., Yenis., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qar (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qar (Sangl., Qutb., Houts.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|rface="Times New Roman Star"qar, qaa
face="Times New Roman Star"Garface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:rface="Times New Roman Star"xarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qar
face="Times New Roman Star"jorface="Times New Roman Star"xa:rface="Times New Roman Star"ka:rface="Times New Roman Star"xarface="Times New Roman Star"xarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"qa:r
face="Times New Roman Star"qar
face="Times New Roman Star"qarface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 284-285, EDT 641, VEWT 235, Åãîðîâ 350, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 490, Ëåêñèêà 27, Stachowski 142.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Karaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"blackface="Times New Roman Star"÷åðíûéface="Times New Roman Star"qara (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qara (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karaface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qara (MA, IM, Pav. C., AH, Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|face="Times New Roman Star"qara, dial. qareface="Times New Roman Star"Garaface="Times New Roman Star"Garaface="Times New Roman Star"Garaface="Times New Roman Star"xaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"xoraface="Times New Roman Star"xaraface="Times New Roman Star"karaface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"Garaface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235, TMN 3, 426-432, EDT 643-4, ÝÑÒß 5, 286-289, 299-100, Ëåêñèêà 592-593, Stachowski 138, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 362.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAramukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"cockleface="Times New Roman Star"êóêîëü
face="Times New Roman Star"qaramuq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. karamukface="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq (Sib.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaramuq (Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|mug|face="Times New Roman Star"qarimuq











face="Times New Roman Star"qaramyqface="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq




face="Times New Roman Star"qaramyq
face="Times New Roman Star"qaramc?yqface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 296-297.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 opposite 2 be opposite, meet 3 banditface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðîòèâîïîëîæíûé 2 âñòðå÷àòüñÿ 3 ðàçáîéíèêface="Times New Roman Star"qars?y (OUygh.) 1; qaraqc?y (OUygh.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"qars?u (MK, KB), qars?y (KB) 1, qaraqc?y (KB) 3, qaraqla- (MK) 'to rob'
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq (Pav. C., Abush.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"qe|re|qc?i 3


face="Times New Roman Star"Gars?y- 2; Garaq 3



face="Times New Roman Star"xir@s/- 2; xorax 3face="Times New Roman Star"xar, xa:r 1 (Ïåê.); xar-da 'retaliation'; xarys- 'to fight (with each other)'face="Times New Roman Star"kar-da 'retaliation', karys- 'to fight'

face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqc?y 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3


face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqs?y 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235, ÝÑÒß 5, 294-295, 326-327, Àøì. XVI, 219-220, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 365-366, Stachowski 139, 140. Chuv. xir@s/- may actually reflect a different root (see *geru"l/-), or a contamination. Turk. qars?y > Mong. qarsi (Clark 1980, 41). Cf. also *Karma 'robbery'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KArgaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"crowface="Times New Roman Star"âîðîíàface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a (Houts., AH, IM, Qutb., Pav. C.), qarqa (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rg|e|face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)g|a
face="Times New Roman Star"Garg|aface="Times New Roman Star"GarGaface="Times New Roman Star"xarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a



face="Times New Roman Star"qa:rg|anface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|anface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a

face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a, g|arg|a
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|aface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 237, TMN 3, 384, ÝÑÒß 5, 303-304, Ëåêñèêà 171. Turk. > Mong. qarg|a (Ùåðáàê 1997, 134).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.rga-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to swear, curseface="Times New Roman Star"ðóãàòü, ïðîêëèíàòüface="Times New Roman Star"qarg|an- (recipr.) (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-, qyrg|a- (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a- (Qutb, Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rg|e|-face="Times New Roman Star"qa(r)g|a-

face="Times New Roman Star"GarGa-face="Times New Roman Star"xarg|a-
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-
face="Times New Roman Star"xúrrún (Adv.) 'angrily'face="Times New Roman Star"kyra:-face="Times New Roman Star"kyra:-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-


face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-
face="Times New Roman Star"qarg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 655, VEWT 237, ÝÑÒß 5, 304-305, Stachowski 169.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.rynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bellyface="Times New Roman Star"æèâîòface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (Sangl., Houts., AH, MA, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|rinface="Times New Roman Star"qerinface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"Garynface="Times New Roman Star"Garynface="Times New Roman Star"xarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarnyface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qa:rynface="Times New Roman Star"xyrúmface="Times New Roman Star"xaryn 'rumen; belly'
face="Times New Roman Star"xyrynface="Times New Roman Star"xyrynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn-tas? 'a relative' (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 238, EDT 661, ÝÑÒß 5, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 277.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)aryl/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"spanface="Times New Roman Star"ïÿäü
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"karys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys? (Pav. C., Houts., AH, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|ris?face="Times New Roman Star"g|eric?, dial. g|eris?
face="Times New Roman Star"Garys?face="Times New Roman Star"Garys?face="Times New Roman Star"xarys
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?

face="Times New Roman Star"xarys
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"xarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarysface="Times New Roman Star"qarysface="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys
face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 324-326, EDT 663. External evidence suggests that the original meaning was 'elbow, cubit' [in fact attested for qarys? in Chag. Abushka, but some argue that this is just a script error], with the opposition *K(i)ary 'large measure (cubit) : *K(i)aryl/ 'small measure (span)'. But the former completely merged later with the reflexes of *Kary 'arm' (v. sub *ga\ra/).
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ar-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 heron, crane 2 swallow, swiftface="Times New Roman Star"1 öàïëÿ, æóðàâëü 2 ëàñòî÷êàface="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac? (OUygh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac?, qarg|ylac? (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"karkara 1, kyrlang|yc?, kyrlyk 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|ac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarluwac?, qarlug|ac? (Sangl., Pav. C., MA), qarlag|ac? (Houts.), qarlawuc? (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"qe|rqe|re| 1, qe|ldirg|o|c? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaqira 1, qalg|ac? (dial.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"GaranGus?, Garag|los? 2face="Times New Roman Star"Garqara (dial.) 1, Garlava:c? 2face="Times New Roman Star"xarlag|as, xarlyg|as (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarla:s? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlag|as?, qarylg|as? 2

face="Times New Roman Star"xaran|ac?c?y 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qarqyra 1, qardyg|ac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarqyra 1, qarlyg|as? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"qarylg|ac? 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qarlyg|as? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qarlag|ac?, qarlyg|ac? 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 657, ÝÑÒß 5, 306-309; Ëåêñèêà 175-176.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ryface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old woman or man 3 to become oldface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòàðûé 2 ñòàðóõà, ñòàðèê 3 ñòàðåòüface="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MK, KB) 1, qary- (MK, KB) 3face="Times New Roman Star"kary, kart 1face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1face="Times New Roman Star"qary (MA, Abush.) 1, qary- (MA, Abush.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"qari 1, qari- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qeri 1,2, qeri- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"Gary, Gart 2,1face="Times New Roman Star"Garry 1, Garra- 3face="Times New Roman Star"kir@ 1, kir@- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1, qary- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"kyryj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyry- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1, qary- 3, qart 3face="Times New Roman Star"qary ? qe|ri, qart 1face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1face="Times New Roman Star"qary, qart 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qary 1,2 (also 'woman')
face="Times New Roman Star"qary, g|arry 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qart 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 644, TMN 3, 440, ÝÑÒß 5, 311-312, 314-316, Ëåêñèêà 84-85, Stachowski 169, 170.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:.rt-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"falcon, hawkface="Times New Roman Star"ñîêîë, ÿñòðåá

face="Times New Roman Star"kartal
face="Times New Roman Star"qartal (Houts., AH, Sangl.)



face="Times New Roman Star"dial. Gartalface="Times New Roman Star"xartyg|aface="Times New Roman Star"qartag|a


face="Times New Roman Star"ky:rt, ky:rdajface="Times New Roman Star"ky:rtface="Times New Roman Star"xartyg|a
face="Times New Roman Star"qartyg|a







face="Times New Roman Star"qartaqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 239, ÝÑÒß 5, 316-318, Ëåêñèêà 169, Stachowski 172. Turk. *kartygaj > MMong. qarc?igaj (SH qarc?iqai), WMong. qarc?ig|ai (see TMN 1, 404), whence again late MTurk. qarc?yg|aj (see TMN 1, 404-405, Ùåðáàê 1997, 208). Loans from Mong. are Man. qarc?in 'kite' and MKor. karc?ik@i 'yellow falcon' (see Lee 1958, 119, 1964, 191).
face="Times New Roman Star"*sakyrtkaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tickface="Times New Roman Star"êëåù
face="Times New Roman Star"saqyrqu (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"sakyrg|a, dial. sag|ra
face="Times New Roman Star"saqurg|a (AH)

face="Times New Roman Star"saqyrtqy, saqartqy, saqatqy
face="Times New Roman Star"saqyrtGaface="Times New Roman Star"sag|artxyface="Times New Roman Star"sartqaface="Times New Roman Star"sartqa

face="Times New Roman Star"sax|syrg|a 'fly'
face="Times New Roman Star"sarg|y


face="Times New Roman Star"qasartqy

face="Times New Roman Star"saqyrg|a


face="Times New Roman Star"qasartqyface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 396, Ëåêñèêà 183, EDT 816.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)a:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"eyebrow; edge, bank; saddle bowface="Times New Roman Star"áðîâü; êðàé, áåðåã; ëóêà ñåäëàface="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kas? (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Sangl., Pav. C., Abush.), qas? (CCum.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|s?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?
face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:s?face="Times New Roman Star"xasface="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?

face="Times New Roman Star"xa:sface="Times New Roman Star"ka:sface="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"xas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qasface="Times New Roman Star"qasface="Times New Roman Star"qas?

face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 669, VEWT 240, TMN 3, 389, ÝÑÒß 5, 343-345, Ëåêñèêà 211-212, 542, Stachowski 143.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KA:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 jade 2 precious stone, the bezel of a finger ringface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÿøìà 2 äðàãîöåííûé êàìåíü, ãíåçäî â êîëüöå
face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kas? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Houts., IM, Pav. C., MA) 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Gas? 2face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:s? 2






face="Times New Roman Star"xas? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qas 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2




face="Times New Roman Star"qas? 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 669. KW 171. Turk. > Mong. qas(i), (HY) qas?i, see Clark 1980, 41, 42, Ùåðáàê 1997, 134.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAl/uk / *KAlgakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 spoon 2 oar, shovelface="Times New Roman Star"1 ëîæêà 2 âåñëî, ëîïàòêàface="Times New Roman Star"qas?uq 1face="Times New Roman Star"qas?uq, qas?yq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kas?yk 1, dial. kalak 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2 > Chuv.face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq (IM), qas?uq (Houts., AH, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|s?iq 1, qo|lo|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"qos?uq, dial. qas?uq 1, qalaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?yG 1face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1face="Times New Roman Star"xazyx 1, xalg|ax 1,2face="Times New Roman Star"qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaz?yq 1, qalaq 2




face="Times New Roman Star"qah/ik 1, qalg|aq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qasyq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qasyq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qasyq 1, qalaq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?yq 1, qalaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 225, 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 231-232, 353-354. Turk. > Russ. Siber. kas?i/k, see Àíèêèí 277.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kat-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to mix, add, tie toface="Times New Roman Star"ñìåøèâàòü, äîáàâëÿòüface="Times New Roman Star"qat- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qat- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat- (Sangl., MA, Pav. C., Qutb.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qat-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gat-face="Times New Roman Star"Gat-face="Times New Roman Star"xat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-
face="Times New Roman Star"xodús? 'mixture'face="Times New Roman Star"xat- (but kytar- 'to mix')face="Times New Roman Star"kat-face="Times New Roman Star"qa't-face="Times New Roman Star"qa't-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"qat-

face="Times New Roman Star"qat-
face="Times New Roman Star"qat-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 594-595, VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 336, 337-338, Stachowski 141, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 373-374.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Katface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"layerface="Times New Roman Star"ñëîéface="Times New Roman Star"qat (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qat (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"katface="Times New Roman Star"qatface="Times New Roman Star"qat (Houts., AH, IM, MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|t, dial. qe|tface="Times New Roman Star"qat
face="Times New Roman Star"Gatface="Times New Roman Star"Gatface="Times New Roman Star"xat
face="Times New Roman Star"qat
face="Times New Roman Star"xutface="Times New Roman Star"xat 'double, X times'face="Times New Roman Star"kat 'X times'face="Times New Roman Star"qa't
face="Times New Roman Star"qat

face="Times New Roman Star"qat


face="Times New Roman Star"qat
face="Times New Roman Star"qatface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 241, ÝÑÒß 5, 335-336, TMN 3, 419, Stachowski 140, Àøì. XVI, 250-255, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 371-372. The original meaning must have been "one of two layers" - as witnessed by the Yak. meaning and by external evidence.
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cet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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