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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)ady-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sew, sew together 2 leather beltface="Times New Roman Star"1 øèòü, ñøèâàòü 2 êîæàíûé ïîÿñ
face="Times New Roman Star"qad|u- 1, qad|ys? 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kajis? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2 (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"Gajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"Gaja- 1, Gajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"xa:s 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2

face="Times New Roman Star"xatys 2


face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qaj- > Chuv. xaj- 1, qajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"qajy- 1, qajys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 219, TMN 3, 408, EDT 596, 607, ÝÑÒß 5, 199, 218, Ëåêñèêà 386.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kalpakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hatface="Times New Roman Star"øàïêà, øëÿïà

face="Times New Roman Star"kalpakface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qalpo|qface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalmaq
face="Times New Roman Star"Galpaqface="Times New Roman Star"xalbax, xalpax



face="Times New Roman Star"xalpa:q


face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalfaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"qalpaq
face="Times New Roman Star"qalpaqface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 5, 234-235. The word is not attested in OT; cf. however the common Slavic loanword *klobukú, attested in Russian sources already in the 12th century (in ÷üðíèè êëîáóöè 'black hats' = the Karakalpaks, but with characteristically Bulgarian phonology).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiamface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 shaman 2 to shamanize, come into movementface="Times New Roman Star"1 øàìàí 2 êàìëàòü, ïðèõîäèòü â äâèæåíèåface="Times New Roman Star"qam 1, qamla- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qam (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kam 1face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 (Sib.)face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1 (AH, IM, Pav. C.), qamla- 2 (Sangl.)




face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1, xamna- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1face="Times New Roman Star"qam 1, qamda- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jomús/, jumúz/@ 1face="Times New Roman Star"xam-na:- (xam-sa:-) 2face="Times New Roman Star"kamna:- 2face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1face="Times New Roman Star"xam 1





face="Times New Roman Star"qamz|y 1


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 228, TMN 3, 402-406, ÝÑÒß 5, 240-241, Åãîðîâ 348-349, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 486, Stachowski 136.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kia:nface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bloodface="Times New Roman Star"êðîâüface="Times New Roman Star"qan (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qan (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qan (MA, Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|nface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"Ganface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nface="Times New Roman Star"xanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qa:nface="Times New Roman Star"jonface="Times New Roman Star"xa:nface="Times New Roman Star"ka:nface="Times New Roman Star"xanface="Times New Roman Star"xanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"Ga(:)nface="Times New Roman Star"qanface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 360-361, EDT 629-630, ÝÑÒß 5, 251, Åãîðîâ 349, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 486, Stachowski 142. Turk. > WMong. qana- 'to let bleed' (KW 166, TMN 3, 361, Ùåðáàê 1997, 133).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:jnatface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 wing 2 finface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðûëî 2 ïëàâíèêface="Times New Roman Star"qanat (OUygh.- YB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kanat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Abush., MA) 1face="Times New Roman Star"qano|t 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qejnat 1face="Times New Roman Star"Ganad, ga"na"d (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:nat 1face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2, qanar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/onat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"kynat, kyjyat 1face="Times New Roman Star"kynat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"xanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"qanat (Kakuk,ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"qanat 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 230, TMN 3, 518, EDT 635, ÝÑÒß 5, 252-253, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 137, Ëåêñèêà 149-150, Stachowski 168. Initial s/- in Chuv. is unclear (effect of *-j-?).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka:pface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 sack 2 to surroundface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìåøîê 2 îêðóæàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1 (MA, IM), qaba- 'to besiege' (Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|p 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1, dial. qaba- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gabface="Times New Roman Star"Ga:p 1, Ga:ba- 2face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1

face="Times New Roman Star"xappar 1 (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"xap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap/b- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qap 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 233, TMN 3, 366-367, EDT 578 (should be separated from *kab!) ÝÑÒß 5, 159, 266-267 (with a partial confusion with another root, probably of Mongolian origin, see under *KAmug), 266-267. Despite Doerfer (ibid.) the resemblance with *Ka:puk 'bark' is only superficial. See also notes to *K(i)amak / *K(i)apak 'forehead, eyebrow/eyelid'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAk-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to hit, knock, tearface="Times New Roman Star"áèòü, ñòó÷àòü, ðâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kak-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq- (Houts., AH, Qutb, MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|q-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gax-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-, qaqyl-face="Times New Roman Star"xax-
face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-


face="Times New Roman Star"kakryj- 'break into small pieces'face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qa'q-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-
face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ÝÑÒß 5, 221-222, Stachowski 135.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAky-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be angryface="Times New Roman Star"ñåðäèòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- (OUygh.), qaqy-g| 'anger'face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy-, qaqu- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kaky-
face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- (AH, Qutb., Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy-








face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-




face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy-


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ÝÑÒß 5, 223-224. Turk. > WMong. qaki-, Kalm. x|a"k@- (KW 176).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Karaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"blackface="Times New Roman Star"÷åðíûéface="Times New Roman Star"qara (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qara (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karaface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qara (MA, IM, Pav. C., AH, Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|re|face="Times New Roman Star"qara, dial. qareface="Times New Roman Star"Garaface="Times New Roman Star"Garaface="Times New Roman Star"Garaface="Times New Roman Star"xaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"xoraface="Times New Roman Star"xaraface="Times New Roman Star"karaface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"Garaface="Times New Roman Star"qaraface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235, TMN 3, 426-432, EDT 643-4, ÝÑÒß 5, 286-289, 299-100, Ëåêñèêà 592-593, Stachowski 138, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 362.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.rynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bellyface="Times New Roman Star"æèâîòface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"karynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (Sangl., Houts., AH, MA, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|rinface="Times New Roman Star"qerinface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"Garynface="Times New Roman Star"Garynface="Times New Roman Star"xarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarnyface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qa:rynface="Times New Roman Star"xyrúmface="Times New Roman Star"xaryn 'rumen; belly'
face="Times New Roman Star"xyrynface="Times New Roman Star"xyrynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"qaryn-tas? 'a relative' (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"qarynface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 238, EDT 661, ÝÑÒß 5, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 277.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)a:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"eyebrow; edge, bank; saddle bowface="Times New Roman Star"áðîâü; êðàé, áåðåã; ëóêà ñåäëàface="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kas? (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas? (Sangl., Pav. C., Abush.), qas? (CCum.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|s?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?
face="Times New Roman Star"Gas?face="Times New Roman Star"Ga:s?face="Times New Roman Star"xasface="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?

face="Times New Roman Star"xa:sface="Times New Roman Star"ka:sface="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"xas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qasface="Times New Roman Star"qasface="Times New Roman Star"qas?

face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"qas
face="Times New Roman Star"qas?face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 669, VEWT 240, TMN 3, 389, ÝÑÒß 5, 343-345, Ëåêñèêà 211-212, 542, Stachowski 143.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAryl/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wolfface="Times New Roman Star"âîëê

face="Times New Roman Star"kas?kyr, dial. kas?g|yr 'a bear'

face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qe|s?qir, dial. qe|rs?iqul







face="Times New Roman Star"kas?kúr < Qypch.



face="Times New Roman Star"qarys?qyrface="Times New Roman Star"qasqyrface="Times New Roman Star"qarysqyr, qasqyr


face="Times New Roman Star"qas?qyrface="Times New Roman Star"qasqyr

face="Times New Roman Star"Ëåêñèêà 160., ÝÑÒß 5, 352.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAgur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to roast, fryface="Times New Roman Star"æàðèòü
face="Times New Roman Star"qag|ur-, qog|ur-, qovur- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kavur-face="Times New Roman Star"quwyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qavur- (Houts., Pav. C., MA)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|wur-, dial. qo|g|ur-face="Times New Roman Star"qoru-
face="Times New Roman Star"Govur-face="Times New Roman Star"Govur-, Gavyr- (À-Á)face="Times New Roman Star"xo:r-face="Times New Roman Star"qo:r-face="Times New Roman Star"ku:r-



face="Times New Roman Star"xo:r-
face="Times New Roman Star"ku:r(u)-face="Times New Roman Star"quwyr-face="Times New Roman Star"quwyr-face="Times New Roman Star"quwyr-, dial. qywyr-
face="Times New Roman Star"qa'ur-face="Times New Roman Star"qavur-face="Times New Roman Star"quwyr-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 220, ÝÑÒß 5, 175-177.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kab-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to unite, bring together 2 be brought togetherface="Times New Roman Star"1 îáúåäèíÿòü, ñîáèðàòü 2 ñîáèðàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"qavyr- 1 (OUygh.), qavys?- 2 (Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qavur- 1 (MK, KB), qavys?- 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kavus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qavus?- 2 (Qutb, Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|wus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qavus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys- 2face="Times New Roman Star"Govus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"Govur- 1, Govus?- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"qabyr- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"> Danube Bulg. koubraton 'collector, unifier (of lands)'

face="Times New Roman Star"xavyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"xabyr- 1face="Times New Roman Star"qo:s?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys?- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qavus?- 2face="Times New Roman Star"qawys- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 216, EDT 585, 588, ÝÑÒß 6, 14-16. OT also has quvra- 'come together, assemble', with a rather strange vocalism (see EDT 586 - but modern forms like qura- are not related, being borrowed from Mong. qura-, qurija-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*K[a]r/gukface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"pole, pegface="Times New Roman Star"ïàëêà, êîëûøåêface="Times New Roman Star"qazg|uq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qazn|uq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kazykface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazuq (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"qo|ziqface="Times New Roman Star"qozuqface="Times New Roman Star"quzuqface="Times New Roman Star"gazyx (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"GazyG

face="Times New Roman Star"qazyq
face="Times New Roman Star"*karuH > Hung. karo/ (see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 2, 387).




face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qad|a- 'to stick into', qad|aq, qad|yq 'nail'face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"qazyq
face="Times New Roman Star"qazyqface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 682 (derivation from *Kar/- 'dig' is highly dubious, although the vocalism could have been influenced by the verbal root), VEWT 243, ÝÑÒß 5, 190-191. Because of its consonant the Bashk. form belongs rather here than to PT *Ka:ta- (v. sub *ka:/jta).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:tyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to walk, go roundface="Times New Roman Star"õîäèòü, îáõîäèòü âîêðóã

face="Times New Roman Star"kydyr- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr- (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qidir-


face="Times New Roman Star"Gydyr- (dial.)




face="Times New Roman Star"kytygyras 'ïðîâîðíûé, áûñòðûé, ðåçâûé (î çâåðå), ñêîðîõîä'


face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-; qydyn| 'ñåìåíÿùèé ïðè áåãå (î æèâ.)'face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qyd|yr-face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-
face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-
face="Times New Roman Star"qydyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 6, 185.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 greedy, miserly 2 wise, clever 3 to offer, sacrifice 4 to dareface="Times New Roman Star"1 æàäíûé, ñêóïîé 2 ìóäðûé, óìíûé 3 æåðòâîâàòü, ïðèíîñèòü â æåðòâó, ïîñâÿùàòü ñåáÿ 4 ñìåòü, ðåøàòüñÿ, ïîêóøàòüñÿ

face="Times New Roman Star"kyj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4 (AH)


face="Times New Roman Star"Gyj- 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|a 2, xyjtyx 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|a 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xúj- 4



face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3face="Times New Roman Star"qyj- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 197-198 (confused with *Kyj- 'to cut aslant' which should be probably kept apart).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyj(g)akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sedgeface="Times New Roman Star"îñîêà

face="Times New Roman Star"kyjak (dial.) 'marsh'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'leaves of cereals'face="Times New Roman Star"qijag| (Pav. C.) 'cut dried grass'face="Times New Roman Star"qijo|qface="Times New Roman Star"qijaq 'grass'
face="Times New Roman Star"gijax (dial.) 'grass name'face="Times New Roman Star"Gyjaq 'ïûðåé âîëîñàòûé'face="Times New Roman Star"xyjg|anax
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjg|aqface="Times New Roman Star"qija:q 'soft plants as animal food'face="Times New Roman Star"xúja (ÝÑÒß: xújax)



face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'îñòðåö', qyjg|aq 'sedge'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'grass name'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaqface="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'leaves of cereals'; dial. qyjg|aq id., 'ïûðåé'

face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'bulb'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaq 'reed leaves'
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjaqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, ÝÑÒß 6, 201-202. Turk. > Mong. kijag id. (Kalm. ka:g, KW 222, Khalkha xiag, Bur. x/a:g, Ord. ka:g, cf. TMN 3, 566). Cf. also Karakh. (MK) qajac?uq 'a fragrant mountain grass'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ky:jnface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 punishment, fine, guilt 2 to punish 3 cruelty, tyranny 4 to condemn 5 hard, difficult 6 to torture 7 insult, offence 8 to offend 9 harm, torture 10 sin 11 to annoy, anger 12 to beatface="Times New Roman Star"1 íàêàçàíèå, øòðàô, âèíà 2 íàêàçûâàòü 3 æåñòîêîñòü, òèðàíèÿ 4 îñóæäàòü, ïîðèöàòü 5 òðóäíûé, òÿæåëûé 6 ìó÷èòü 7 îáèäà 8 îáèæàòü 9 áåäà, ìó÷åíèå 10 ãðåõ 11 ñåðäèòü, ðàçäðàæàòü 12 áèòüface="Times New Roman Star"qyjnyg| (acc.) (Orkh.), qyjn, qyn (OUygh.) 1, qyna- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyn, qyjyn (KB) 1, qyna- 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kyjyn, kyjync? 3, kyna- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 5, qyjyna- 'to make difficult, hard'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn (Abush., Áîð. Áàä., MA), qyn (Pav. C.), qyna- 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qijin 5, qijna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"Gyna- 4face="Times New Roman Star"qy:n 5, qy:na- 'to make difficult, torture'face="Times New Roman Star"xyjyx 7, xyjal 9face="Times New Roman Star"qyjal 9, 10, qyjyq-ta- 8, qyjnag| 9 (*qyn/-lag|)face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qyjna- 6, qyjal 10, dial. (Áàñê. Òóáà) qyj- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"x@n 1face="Times New Roman Star"ky:nn/a:-, kyjaxa:- 11, kyj- 'to pain, ache'face="Times New Roman Star"kyjn|a- 11, kyj- 'to kill'face="Times New Roman Star"xyjna- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjyt- 'to make difficult, troublesome', qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6, qynz?-yl- 'to be distressed'face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 12
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn, qejin 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"qyjyn 1, qyjna- 6face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 264. EDT 631, ÝÑÒß 6, 218-219, Stachowski 168. Turk. *Ky:jna- > MMong. qina- 'to torture' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 165). Nasalless forms (like Yak. kyjaxa:- etc.) may result from a reanalysis of the form *Ky:jn as *Kyjyn, interpreted as a deverbative noun. Turk. > Hung. ki/n 'torture, suffering' (Gombocz 1912).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl(k)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hairface="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"kylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"qilface="Times New Roman Star"qilface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"Gylface="Times New Roman Star"Gylface="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"x@l@xface="Times New Roman Star"kylface="Times New Roman Star"kyl 'sealine'face="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"xylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"qyl
face="Times New Roman Star"qylface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Ëåêñèêà 196, ÝÑÒß 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,tur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