| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*bogur/, *bokur-dak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 throat 2 Adam's apple | face="Times New Roman Star"1 горло 2 кадык | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|uz 1 (OUygh.), bog|zy / (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oz (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|az 1, bog|urdak, bog|urtlak (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bug|az 1 (k), pug|yrtaq (dial.), pu:rtaq (dial.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|uz (Abush., Бор. Бад.) 1, boqurdaq, bog|ardaq (Sangl.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu.g|iz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|uz 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bog|az 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"boGaz 1, boqurdaq 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bog|az, bog|uz, bog|yz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"pyr 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"buosax 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"boos (bosqu) | face="Times New Roman Star"boos (boqsu) | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|os 'place where two rivers meet' (South.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bug|az, bug|yz 'shaft-bed in a shovel' (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|az 'double chin; channel, strait', bog|yrdaq 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ad| 1, bog|ard|aq 'trachea' | face="Times New Roman Star"boqqur 2, bog|urdaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"buwaz 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|oz, bog|az 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"buwaz-aq 'glass for a kerosene lamp' | face="Times New Roman Star"pog|tax|, pox|tax| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bog|az 'channel, strait' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 78, TMN 2, 344, ЭСТЯ 2, 167-168, 184, Лексика 230-231. The derivative *bokur-dak consistently displays reflexes of voiceless *-k-; it is present also in some reflexes of *bogur/ (Kirgh. bog|os, Kaz. bug|az, Nogh. bog|az, Bashk. bog|ad|, Kum. bog|az) - all probably under the influence of *bokak 'crop, craw' (v. sub *pu>/k`a). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bol/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"free, empty | face="Times New Roman Star"свободный, пустой | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bus? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu.s? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos, pos | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"pos | face="Times New Roman Star"pos | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"poz?ъ | face="Times New Roman Star"bosxo (*bos?-ka) | face="Times New Roman Star"bosko 'a little' | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bo's? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos | face="Times New Roman Star"bos | face="Times New Roman Star"bus? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos?, bos | face="Times New Roman Star"bos | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"bos? | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 376, VEWT 82, ЭСТЯ 2, 203-204, Мудрак Дисс. 126, Федотов 1, 457, Stachowski 63. The Chuv. form has a regular reflex, presupposing a final vowel. Turk. *bol/a-n- > bos?an- > Mong. busani- 'become empty, poor' (KW 63); *bol/-u-g 'permission' > Mong. bos?ug| (Clark 1980, 41). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bo":rk | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hat, cap | face="Times New Roman Star"шапка, головная повязка | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk (OUygh. - Lig. VSOu) | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk, (dial.) bu"rk, po"rk | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rek | face="Times New Roman Star"po"ru"k (MA), bo"rk (Бор. Бад., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu.rk | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk | face="Times New Roman Star"po"ru"k, perik | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bo":rik | face="Times New Roman Star"po"r@k | face="Times New Roman Star"po"ru"k | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ru"k | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"^k (KhM), birga"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bergehe | face="Times New Roman Star"bergehe | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"'rt | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ru"k | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rik | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk | face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rk | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ba"rik (H), b'ork (T) | face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rik |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bo"rk | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 362, VEWT 84, TMN 2, 289, ЭСТЯ 2, 221-223, Лексика 482, Stachowski 58. In Tuva, Tof. *-rk > rt is regular. Reconstruction of length is not quite certain: Turkm. length is not confirmed by Khalaj and contradicts pharyngealization in Tofalar. Turk. > WMong. bu"rgu", Kalm. bu"rg@ (KW 67), Khalkha bu"rx (although theoretically this may as well be an indigenous derivative of bu"ru"-, cf. similar Turkic forms: Tur. dial. bu"r-me, bu"r-gu" 'headgear'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bul- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to find | face="Times New Roman Star"находить | face="Times New Roman Star"bul- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bul- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"bul- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bula- (Pav. C. 174) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bul- | face="Times New Roman Star"bul- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bul- | face="Times New Roman Star"bul- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 332, VEWT 87, ЭСТЯ 2, 252-253, Stachowski 65. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bulak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"spring, well | face="Times New Roman Star"источник, колодец | face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq (KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"bulak | face="Times New Roman Star"bolaq | face="Times New Roman Star"bulag| (Abush.), bulaq (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bulo|q | face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"bulaG | face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"pulux (R - Sag.) | face="Times New Roman Star"puluq (R) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bula:G 'well; tear' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bylaq | face="Times New Roman Star"bylaq (Рас. ФиЛ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bulaq | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 336, VEWT 87, ЭСТЯ 2, 257-258, TMN 2, 355. Cf. Kaz. bula- `to flow, gush forth'. Turk. > WMong. bulag|, Kalm. bul@g (KW 59; TMN ibid., Щербак 1997, 110), whence Evk. bulak (Doerfer MT 125). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bulga- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to stir, stir up | face="Times New Roman Star"помешивать, перемешивать | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"bula- | face="Times New Roman Star"bolg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a-; bula- (Sangl., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bula-, bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|u- | face="Times New Roman Star"polg|a-, pula- | face="Times New Roman Star"bula- | face="Times New Roman Star"bula- | face="Times New Roman Star"pulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"pulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"pъlxa-n- 'to become turbid' | face="Times New Roman Star"bula:-, bulkuj-, byla:- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulkuj- | face="Times New Roman Star"bylg|a-, (dial.) bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulha- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bylg|a-, bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bylg|a-, bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bolg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bula- | face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a-, bolg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"bylg|a- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 337, VEWT 88, ЭСТЯ 2, 253-256, Ашм. X, 112, Stachowski 65. The Turk. root is the probable source of Mong. bulg|a- 'to confuse, uprise' (see TMN 2, 322-323, Щербак 1997, 110). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bulut (*bulyt) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"cloud | face="Times New Roman Star"облако |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bulut (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bolyt | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"pylyt | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"pulut | face="Times New Roman Star"pulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bulyt | face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|l@w|t 'sky, cloud' | face="Times New Roman Star"bylyt | face="Times New Roman Star"bylyt | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bu_lt | face="Times New Roman Star"bulyt | face="Times New Roman Star"bolot | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"bult | face="Times New Roman Star"bu(:)lyt | face="Times New Roman Star"bulut | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 88 (the connection with PT *bulga- 'to mix' is not obvious at all); TMN 2, 323; EDT 333, ЭСТЯ 2, 262-264, Лексика 24, Stachowski 71. Turk. > MMong. (ИМ) bulut, see Щербак 1997, 163. Derived are Kypch. forms like Kaz., KKalp. buldyr 'foggy, cloudy', Kirgh. buldur 'fuzzy, cloudy', Nogh. buldyr 'id.' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*burun (*buryn) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 nose 2 front part 3 before | face="Times New Roman Star"1 нос 2 передняя часть 3 перед, впереди | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1, 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1, 3 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"boryn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1, 3 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"p'uryn 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"purun 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"purnu, (Верб.) purun 1, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"buryn 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"murun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"munnu 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"murnu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"murnu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"murun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"muryn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"buryn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"moron 1, boron 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"burnu 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"muryn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"purny 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"burun 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 90, EDT 366-367, ЭСТЯ 2, 269-273, Лексика 214-215, Stachowski 182. Cf. *bur- 'to smell' (VEWT 89). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bur(a)- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to twist, wind round | face="Times New Roman Star"крутить, вертеть, поворачивать |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bur- | face="Times New Roman Star"bor- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur- (Sangl., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bur-, bura- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bur- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur- | face="Times New Roman Star"pur- | face="Times New Roman Star"pur- | face="Times New Roman Star"buru- | face="Times New Roman Star"burq- 'вывернуть руку' | face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|r- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bur-, bura- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur-, bura- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur-, bura- | face="Times New Roman Star"bor- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur- | face="Times New Roman Star"bur-, bura- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bur- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 89, EDT 355, ЭСТЯ 2, 264-267. Turk. *bur(g)agu > Kalm. burg|u:, see KW 62. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bus- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to hide, lay an ambush | face="Times New Roman Star"прятаться, устраивать засаду | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (OUygh.- Suv.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (MK, KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"pus- | face="Times New Roman Star"pos- | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- (Pav. C., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"pis-; pus- (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"pus- 'to eavesdrop' | face="Times New Roman Star"bus- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"bus-xo 'Hinterhalt, Lauer' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 371, ЭСТЯ 2, 278-279, TMN 2, 291-292. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:ta- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to cut branches 2 branch 3 nail | face="Times New Roman Star"1 срезать ветви 2 ветвь 3 гвоздь | face="Times New Roman Star"butyq 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"butyq, butaq 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bota- 1, botaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1 (Pav. C.), (MKypch.) buda- 1 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, buto|q 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"puta- 1, putaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaG 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"pu:da- 1, pu:daq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"pydyra- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"(buta 'bush' - a backloan from Pers.?) | face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|da 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"byta:- 1, butuk 2 (Пек.); muta:- 1, mutuk 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"mutuk 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu'duq 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butanaq 2 (buta 'bush' < Iran.) | face="Times New Roman Star"byta- 1, butaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bota- 1, botaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"buda- 1, budaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"puta- 1, putaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"pu/u:tax 2 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"buta- 1, butaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 301, 302, VEWT 90, TMN 2, 330, Лексика 103, Stachowski 183. Turk. > WMong. butaq 'branch' (see Щербак 1997, 111) (but Mong. buta can be hardly explained as a loan). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:(n)r/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"ice | face="Times New Roman Star"лед |
| face="Times New Roman Star"buz (MK, KB, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"boz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz, muz (Abush., MA, Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"pyz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"bu:z | face="Times New Roman Star"pus | face="Times New Roman Star"mus |
| face="Times New Roman Star"buza"k | face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|r | face="Times New Roman Star"mu:s, bu:s | face="Times New Roman Star"bu:s |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"bod| | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"muz | face="Times New Roman Star"buz | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 91, EDT 389, ЭСТЯ 2, 238-239, Лексика 17-18, TMN 2, 336, Stachowski 67. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bu:t | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 thigh 2 leg, foot | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бедро 2 нога | face="Times New Roman Star"but (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"but (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bot 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"but (Abush., Sangl.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 'groin' | face="Times New Roman Star"put 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"put 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bud 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu:t 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"put 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu:t 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"bu:t 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bu:t 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"bot 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"but 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"put 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"but 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 90, EDT 297, ЭСТЯ 2, 280-281, Лексика 282, Stachowski 67. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*bo:jn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"neck | face="Times New Roman Star"шея | face="Times New Roman Star"bojyn (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"bojun, bojyn (MK), bojun (KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"bojun | face="Times New Roman Star"mujyn | face="Times New Roman Star"bojn, bojun (Sangl., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"bu.jin | face="Times New Roman Star"bojun | face="Times New Roman Star"mojin | face="Times New Roman Star"bojun | face="Times New Roman Star"bojun | face="Times New Roman Star"mojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"mojun | face="Times New Roman Star"mojun | face="Times New Roman Star"bu:un | face="Times New Roman Star"mъj | face="Times New Roman Star"mo:j | face="Times New Roman Star"muoj | face="Times New Roman Star"mojun | face="Times New Roman Star"mo"a"n (mojnu) | face="Times New Roman Star"mojun | face="Times New Roman Star"mojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"mojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"mujyn | face="Times New Roman Star"bojun | face="Times New Roman Star"bojnu | face="Times New Roman Star"bojun | face="Times New Roman Star"mojyn | face="Times New Roman Star"bojny | face="Times New Roman Star"bojun | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 80, EDT 386, ЭСТЯ 2, 180-182, Лексика 233-234, Stachowski 183. Turk. forms like Kirgh. mojnoq > Mong. Kh. moinog 'Wamme' (see Щербак 1997, 108). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of cloak 2 lap, skirt 3 used clothing 4 bedding under the saddle 5 woman's gown 6 gown 7 gusset (in clothes) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 род плаща 2 подол, фалда 3 старая, потертая одежда 4 подстилка под седло, чепрак 5 женский халат 6 халат 7 клин (в одежде) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apg|ut 'a padded garment' (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aput 3, c?aprak 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1, c?apraq 4, c?abu 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 (R; Pav. C. jamag|lyg| c?apan 'mended cloak'), c?abuq 2 (Pav. C.), (OKypch.) c?apg|ut 3 (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|po|n 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyt 5, c?apan 6, c?apy 'ornamental trimming for clothes' lap' | face="Times New Roman Star"sabyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyr 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abug| 'trimmed section on a woman's tunic' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?avyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyg| 7 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu: 7; c?apan 6, c?apan-c?apqyt 'upper clothes', c?opqut 'quilted coat under armour; expensive costume' | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abu 2, s?apan 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 'gusset-like front part of gown's laps' | face="Times New Roman Star"sapan 6, sabyw 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?apraq 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 7, s?apan 6, s?obyt 'used things', s?opqyt 'rags' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyw 7, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 396, TMN 3, 47, Аникин 643. Several derivations are clearly distinguishable: a) *c?ap-gut 'upper clothes, garment' (with later development > 'used clothes'); b) *c?ap-rak 'bedding under the saddle'; c) *c?ap-an 'cloak, gown'; d) *c?ap-gu 'lap, gusset' - all clearly related to each other. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?al- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to knock (down), hit, agitate 2 to whet 3 to slaughter 4 to mow 5 scythe 6 to sting, pierce 7 to sweep 8 to chop 9 a k. of broom 10 to sharpen, whet 11 whetstone 12 mowing, hay time 13 to trip 14 blade | face="Times New Roman Star"1 сбивать, ударять, бить, взбалтывать 2 точить 3 убивать, закалывать 4 косить 5 коса 6 жалить, закалывать 7 подметать 8 изрубить, отрубить 9 вид метлы, веник-голик 10 точить 11 оселок 12 покос 13 дать подножку 14 острие, лезвие | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?algy 9, c?algy orag|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|i u.ro|q 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, c?alg|a 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al(y)- 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6, 7, c?alg|y 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 10, 7, 6, c?alGy 5, 11 | face="Times New Roman Star"sal- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 6 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/ol- 4, s/olъk 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sa:lyn- 'to fall abruptly' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?aly- 10 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 3, c?alg|y 5, c?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 4, s?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"saly- 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 4, c?alqy 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alym 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"cal- 1, 4, calqy, calg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?al- 1, 3, 13, s?alg|y 5, s?alg|yn 12 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?al- 1, 4, c?alg|y 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, EDT 417-418 , Егоров 206, Федотов 2, 132, 133. The difference in length between Turkm. and Yak. allows to suppose a merger of at least two roots, perhaps originally distinguished semantically and phonetically as *c?a:l- 'to knock down' (reflected in Yak., not reflected in Turkm.) - *c?al- 'to sharpen, whet' (reflected in Turkm., not reflected in Yak.). Since "Verba des Schlagens" are generally vague semantically, in most languages it is difficult to draw a line between them. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*jalan| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"field, steppe | face="Times New Roman Star"поле, степь |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jalan, dial. jalan| |
| face="Times New Roman Star"jalan| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jalan| | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan| | face="Times New Roman Star"d/alan| | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan| |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"z?|alan| (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jalan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, ЭСТЯ 4, 91. Turk. > Russ. jela/n/ , see Аникин 197. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?(i)aly-(gan) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 bush, shrub 2 nettle 3 thorn | face="Times New Roman Star"1 куст 2 крапива 3 колючка |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alag|an 2 (R - Vam.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alo|w 'ковыль волосистый' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'солянка кустарниковая' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?alg|yn, (R) s?alg|anaq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqanc?aq 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?alu 'eine Pflanze zum Verbrennen' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?alqan 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?aly 'blackthorn; thorn' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 97, Лексика 110. Clauson (EDT 420) relates here OT (МК) c?alqan 'spread of an injury' which is not quite probable (rather a derivative from the polysemic c?al-). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?Am | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 a backbiting man 2 to exact a fine 3 claim 4 reproach 5 to be offended 6 to be angry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 клеветник 2 штрафовать 3 претензия, рекламация (юрид.) 4 упрек 5 обижаться 6 сердиться | face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 3 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?amg|uq 1 (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble'). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*c?ap- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to attack, rob 3 chisel 4 hack, hoe, hatchet 5 to chop 6 to scythe, mow 7 to dig 8 to break 9 sharp 10 scythe 11 to whet, sharpen (a scythe) 12 metal shavings after forging 13 trap 14 whetstone for sharpening scythes 15 to whip 16 to hack, adze 17 shavings 18 booty 19 currycomb | face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 нападать, грабить 3 резец 4 мотыга, тяпка, сечка 5 рубить 6 косить 7 копать (кетменем) 8 разламывать 9 острый 10 коса 11 точить (косу) 12 обсечки металла при ковке 13 капкан 14 брусок для точки кос 15 хлестать 16 тесать 17 стружка 18 добыча, трофей 19 скребница |
| face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2, c?apla 3, c?apa 4, c?apak 12 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 6, 1, c?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|p- 5, 7, c?o|pqi 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqu 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'p- 1, 5, 8 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 2, c?apGy 4, c?apGyr 9 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap- 1, 5, 6, saxpy, sapxy 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 6, s?apqy 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, 6, c?apqy 10, 13 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"s/up- 1, 11, s/opkas/ 14 | face="Times New Roman Star"saba:- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap- 1, 2, s?ap-ta- 15 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap-ty 17, s?apty-la- 16 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap/b- 5, 7, 1, c?apqy 4, 10 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, s?apqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"sap/b- 6, 5, 1, sapqy 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ab- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?apanaq 18 | face="Times New Roman Star"cap- 1; c?ap- 1, 5, c?apa 19 | face="Times New Roman Star"s?ap/b- 5, 6, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-, c?a'- 1 (ССЯ) | face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap- 5, c?apg|y 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 394, Егоров 203, 219, Федотов 2, 85, 137-8, Ашм. XII, 247-249. |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
