| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kybak / *Kabak | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"white poplar, willow | face="Times New Roman Star"áåëûé òîïîëü, èâà |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kavak | face="Times New Roman Star"quvaq | face="Times New Roman Star"qawaq (Houts.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qapaq (Jarr.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"GovaG |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qa:q, dial. qabaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"õúw|va |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xa:k | face="Times New Roman Star"xa: k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qywaq |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 215, ÝÑÒß 5, 170-171, TMN 3, 534-535. The variant *Kabak is probably secondary, due to vowel assimilation; qapaq in Uygh. is also secondary - a contamination with *Kap- 'cover'. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gEmu"r- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to gnaw | face="Times New Roman Star"ãðûçòü, ãëîäàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kemu"r- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"gemir-, kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kimer- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"r- (Sangl., Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemi(r)- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ga"mir- | face="Times New Roman Star"gemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kim@r- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"mu"ru"o" 'spongy bone' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"xemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kimer- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"kemir- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gemir- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, EDT 723, ÝÑÒß 3, 18-19, Ëåêñèêà 262. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ge.rge- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to need 2 necessity, necessary 3 to stay away, dare not | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íóæäàòüñÿ 2 íåîáõîäèìîñòü, íåîáõîäèìûé 3 íå îñìåëèâàòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"kerge- 1 (OUygh.), kergek 2 (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kerge- 1, kerek 2 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kira"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ke.rek 2 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kerak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kera"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ga"ra"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"gerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kirek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kir-l@ 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerej- 3, kerex 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ka"ra"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kerek 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gerek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 256, EDT 742, 743, ÝÑÒß 3, 25-26, Stachowski 145. Turk. > Mong. kereg (see Ùåðáàê 1997, 127). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kel/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"quiver | face="Times New Roman Star"êîë÷àí | face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (OUygh., Yenis.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (Qutb., MA, IM) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kesex (Ïåê.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xes? (Todzh., Ðàñ. ÔèË 188) | face="Times New Roman Star"xes? 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kes? (R) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kes?, kes |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 258, EDT 752, MNT 1697, ÝÑÒß 5, 60-61 (see ibid. the literature on the history of arms). {Cf. Russ. êîë÷àí < unattested Bulg.?} |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.jyn- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to boil (Intr.) | face="Times New Roman Star"âàðèòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"qajyn- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kajna- | face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- | face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- (Qutb., IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|jne|- | face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Gajna- | face="Times New Roman Star"Gajna- | face="Times New Roman Star"xajna- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ky:j- (kyn/n/y-) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyjnar-, ky:jnar- (trans.) | face="Times New Roman Star"xajyn- | face="Times New Roman Star"xe:in- | face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- | face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- | face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- | face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qajna- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 222, ÝÑÒß 5, 203-205, Stachowski 168, 171. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ki:n, *ki:n-du"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 navel, navelstring, centre 2 navel of a musk-deer, musk | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïóïîê, ïóïîâèíà, öåíòð 2 ìóñêóñíàÿ æåëåçà, ìóñêóñ | face="Times New Roman Star"kin 'óòðîáà, vagina; ìóñêóñ', kindik 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kin (KB), ku"n (MK) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik, ku"nu"k (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik (MA, Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik, kindak 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 (ßÆÓ) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kindik (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"k@n 1, k@nd@k 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1, kin 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"k@nd@k (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:n 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xin 1, 2, xindik 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xin 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kendek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1, 'belly' | face="Times New Roman Star"kindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kinz?|ix, kintix 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"gindik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 271, EDT 725, 729, ÝÑÒß 5, 68-69, Ëåêñèêà 279-280. Turk. > Mong. kindik (Ùåðáàê 1997, 127). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*gEru"l/- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to quarrel, fight, wrestle | face="Times New Roman Star"ññîðèòüñÿ, äðàòüñÿ, áîðîòüñÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"keris?- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"keris?- (MK), ku"res?- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"gu"res?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ra"s?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"res?- (MA), gu"res?- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"kuras?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"ra"s?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"gu"la"s?- | face="Times New Roman Star"go"res?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"res- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"res?- | face="Times New Roman Star"keris?-, ku"res?- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"k@res?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"res 'wrestling' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xu"res- | face="Times New Roman Star"xires?-, xu"res?- ; xire- 'to start a fight' | face="Times New Roman Star"keris?-, ku"ro"s?- | face="Times New Roman Star"keris-, ku"res- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"res- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"ra"s?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"res?- | face="Times New Roman Star"gu"res?- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"res?- | face="Times New Roman Star"keris-, gu"res- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"res?- (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 747-748, ÝÑÒß 3, 79-81, 5, 50-51, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 280. The peculiar variation of keris?- and ku"res?- in old sources allows perhaps to reconstruct the original shape *gero"l/-. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl(k) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"hair | face="Times New Roman Star"âîëîñ | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"kyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"qil | face="Times New Roman Star"qil | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl | face="Times New Roman Star"Gyl | face="Times New Roman Star"xyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl (R.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"x@l@x | face="Times New Roman Star"kyl | face="Times New Roman Star"kyl 'sealine' | face="Times New Roman Star"xyl | face="Times New Roman Star"xyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"qyl |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qyl | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 262, TMN 3, 574-5, EDT 614, Ëåêñèêà 196, ÝÑÒß 6, 204-205, Stachowski 168. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyl-ga- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"beard (of grain), awn | face="Times New Roman Star"îñòü (êîëîñà) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gylg|a (dial.) 'third harvest on virgin soil' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|a |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylg|an, qylg|a |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyl/úx | face="Times New Roman Star"kyla:n |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|an | face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan | face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylg|an (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qylqan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, Ëåêñèêà 127, ÝÑÒß 6, 208-209. The Kypchak names of "meadowgrass" (Kirgh. qylqan etc., see Ëåêñèêà ibid., ÝÑÒß 6, 208) are most probably borrowed from Mongolian. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kalym | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ransom for bride 2 fee | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âûêóï çà íåâåñòó 2 øòðàô, ïîäàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"qalan (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"kalyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn (Houts., Pav. C., Áóä.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalin |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Galyn| 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"xalym 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalym, qalyn| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xolúm 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xalym, xaly:m 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xylyn| 1 (dial. Todzh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"xylym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalym 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, TMN 3, 399, 488, ÝÑÒß 5, 239-240, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 354. Turk. > Mong. qalan 'fee, tax' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 197). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kalyn| | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 thick, stiff 2 numerous | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òîëñòûé, ãóñòîé 2 ìíîãî÷èñëåííûé | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn (Orkh.) 1, qalyn (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn (MK) 1, (MK, KB) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"kalyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| (Qutb.) 1, qalyn (MA, Houts., Abush., AH, Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qe|lin 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qelin 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"Galyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"Galyn| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xalyn 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xulún, xolúm 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xalyn| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qylyn, dial. Todzh. 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xylyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qalyn 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 226, ÝÑÒß 5, 238-239, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 354-355. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.ryn | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"belly | face="Times New Roman Star"æèâîò | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"karyn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn (Sangl., Houts., AH, MA, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"qo|rin | face="Times New Roman Star"qerin | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"Garyn | face="Times New Roman Star"Garyn | face="Times New Roman Star"xaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qarny | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qa:ryn | face="Times New Roman Star"xyrúm | face="Times New Roman Star"xaryn 'rumen; belly' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xyryn | face="Times New Roman Star"xyryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn-tas? 'a relative' (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"qaryn | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 238, EDT 661, ÝÑÒß 5, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 277. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kopur/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"a k. of musical (string) instrument | face="Times New Roman Star"âèä ìóçûêàëüíîãî (ñòðóííîãî) èíñòðóìåíòà | face="Times New Roman Star"qopuz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qopuz (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kopuz | face="Times New Roman Star"qubyz | face="Times New Roman Star"qopuz (Áîð. Áàä.), qobuz (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"qu.biz | face="Times New Roman Star"qowuz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gopuz |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qobus |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xobus | face="Times New Roman Star"qobuz | face="Times New Roman Star"qobyz | face="Times New Roman Star"qobyz | face="Times New Roman Star"qubyd| | face="Times New Roman Star"qobuz |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qobuz | face="Times New Roman Star"qobyz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 281, EDT 588, TMN 3, 535-537, Ëåêñèêà 614, ÝÑÒß 69-71. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kodan **AD íî ÷óâ íåò |
| face="Times New Roman Star"hare | face="Times New Roman Star"çàÿö |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"kujan | face="Times New Roman Star"qojan (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qujo|n | face="Times New Roman Star"qojan |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gojan (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"xozan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kojon |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(kujan dial. < Tat.) xor/an, xoren (dial.) **AD íåò â Àøì. è ñòàíäàðòíûõ ñëîâàðÿõ; îòêóäà? È Ëåâèòñêàÿ â ñëîâàðå íå íàøëà. | face="Times New Roman Star"xotonox |
| face="Times New Roman Star"kodan (kojg|un from some j-language?) | face="Times New Roman Star"xodan | face="Times New Roman Star"kojon | face="Times New Roman Star"qojan | face="Times New Roman Star"qojan | face="Times New Roman Star"qujan | face="Times New Roman Star"qojan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qojan | face="Times New Roman Star"qojan |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qojan | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 274-275, Ëåêñèêà 164, ÝÑÒß VI 29-30. Ïðåäïîëàãàåòñÿ ÷óâ *xoran > ìàðèéñê. *oren â ñîñòàâå moren 'çàÿö' Åãîðîâ 122 - ñêîðåå ìàðàçì. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Koju-g | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"thick, saturated | face="Times New Roman Star"òîëñòûé, ãóñòîé | face="Times New Roman Star"qojug| (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qojug| (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"koju | face="Times New Roman Star"qujy |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qujuq | face="Times New Roman Star"qojuq |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Gojy | face="Times New Roman Star"xojyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"qojyg| | face="Times New Roman Star"qoju |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"xoju: | face="Times New Roman Star"koju: | face="Times New Roman Star"xojug| | face="Times New Roman Star"xojug| | face="Times New Roman Star"quju: | face="Times New Roman Star"qoju | face="Times New Roman Star"qojy | face="Times New Roman Star"qujy |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qoju | face="Times New Roman Star"qoju, quju |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 676, TMN 3, 562, ÝÑÒß 6, 32-33, Stachowski 150. The deriving stem *Koj(u)- 'to become viscous, thick' is attested in Oyr. qoj-, KKalp. qojy-, Khak. xojy-, Tuva xoju- (see ibid.). The reconstruction *Kon/- is proposed in VEWT 276, but is based only on the not quite reliable Tofalar nasalization; the Yakut and OT evidence does not support it. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Ko:m | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"camel's pack-saddle | face="Times New Roman Star"âåðáëþæüå âüþ÷íîå ñåäëî |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qom (MK) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qom (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qu.m |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"Go:m |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qom |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"xom | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qom |
| face="Times New Roman Star"qum |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"qom |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 278, Ëåêñèêà 541, ÝÑÒß 6, 55, Clark 1977, 149. Turk. > WMong. qom (KW 184, Ùåðáàê 1997, 139), whence Evk. ko:m, Man. qomo (see ÒÌÑ 1, 408, Doerfer MT 61). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ko"l- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 shadow 2 to shadow | face="Times New Roman Star"1 òåíü 2 äàâàòü òåíü, çàòåíÿòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lu"- (OUygh.) 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lik (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"go"lge, ko"lge (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"le|ge| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lege (Abush.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku.lke|, ku.le|ke| 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le|n|ge|, ko"lige| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lga" 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lge 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"le- 2, ko"lek 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo"- 2, ko"lo"n|o" 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"lu"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"lege 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"lege 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"lo"ko" 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"letke 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"le|ge| 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"lge 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"len|ke 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 288-289, 294, EDT 716-718, ÝÑÒß 5, 96-97, 128, Stachowski 164. Should be distinguished from *Ko"l/- 'to screen' (v. sub *ge:\l/a). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to bury | face="Times New Roman Star"çàêàïûâàòü, õîðîíèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- (MA), go"m- (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"xo"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"m- (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"m- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 289, EDT 721, ÝÑÒß 3, 70-71, Stachowski 155. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*go"jn|-il | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"heart, mood | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåðäöå, äóõ | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n-u"l; go"ju"n, go"jn (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|@l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l (Sangl., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko.n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nu"l | face="Times New Roman Star"go"vu"n, ko"n|-u"l (arch. - borrowed from Tu"rki) | face="Times New Roman Star"ko":l, ko"n|n-@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|n-u" | face="Times New Roman Star"ku":n | face="Times New Roman Star"ki:il | face="Times New Roman Star"k@w|m@w|l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l 'will, freedom' | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l 'permission' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xo":l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il | face="Times New Roman Star"ku"n|@l | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"l | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"nu"l, ko"lu"n | face="Times New Roman Star"ko"n|il, kewil | face="Times New Roman Star"go"jn|y | face="Times New Roman Star"go"n|u"l | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 291, EDT 731, ÝÑÒß 3, 75-77, Ëåêñèêà 274, Stachowski 156. Almost all languages reflect a suffixed form (a substantivized adjective in -il, see Gabain AG 75). Khak., Shor reflect a nominalized attributive form of ko"n|u"l. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Kum | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"sand | face="Times New Roman Star"ïåñîê | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"kum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum (Pav. C., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum, qom | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"xúw|m | face="Times New Roman Star"kumax | face="Times New Roman Star"kumak | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"xum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qu_m | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qom | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"qum | face="Times New Roman Star"Gum |
| face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 299, EDT 625, Ëåêñèêà 102, ÝÑÒß 6, 133-134, Stachowski 160. Turk. > WMong. qum, Kalm. xum 'sand' (KW 196; TMN 3, 508), Hung. homok (Gombocz 1912). |
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
