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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*e>lge-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sift; 2 sieveface="Times New Roman Star"ñèòî, ïðîñåèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (MK), ele- 1 (IM), elek 2 (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ile|- 1, ile|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ela- 1, elak 2face="Times New Roman Star"a"gli- 1, a"lga"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"la"- 1, a"la"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilge- 1, ilgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ha"jla"- 1, ha"jla"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"alla- 1, alla 2

face="Times New Roman Star"egle- / elge- 1face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, elge- 1, elek, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ile- 1, ilek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"iele- 1, ielek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, o"le- 1, elek, o"lek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"elex 2 (ÑÑß 324)face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 143, VEWT 40, ÝÑÒß 1, 261-263, Åãîðîâ 24. The behaviour of the internal cluster is phonetically normal (not on a morphemic boundary). Turk. *elgek > WMong. elgeg, Kalm. elg@g (KW 119, TMN 2, 118, Ùåðáàê 1997, 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.l-t-, -c?-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to bring, carry 2 to lead, drive, sendface="Times New Roman Star"1 íåñòè 2 âåñòè, ïîñûëàòüface="Times New Roman Star"elt- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"elt-, elet- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ilet- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"elt- (Houts.) 2, ilet- (Pav. C.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2



face="Times New Roman Star"jes/- , les/- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1, 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 132, VEWT 41, ÝÑÒß 1, 267-269, Stachowski 125, 126. Turk. > Mong. elde-, Kalm. eld@- (KW 119).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"skin of kid or lambface="Times New Roman Star"øêóðà êîçëåíêà èëè ÿãíåíêà, êàðàêóëü
face="Times New Roman Star"elri, eldiri (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"elteri (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"eltirik (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ltera"

face="Times New Roman Star"elteri, elter (dial.)









face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>face="Times New Roman Star"eltiriface="Times New Roman Star"ilti>rface="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>, eltir

face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri
face="Times New Roman Star"eltirface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, ÝÑÒß 1, 269-270.
face="Times New Roman Star"*emge-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to suffer, be tortured 2 bother, worry, painsface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñòðàäàòü, ïîäâåðãàòüñÿ ïûòêàì 2 õëîïîòû, ìó÷åíèå, òðóäface="Times New Roman Star"emge- (OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"emge- 1, emgek 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"emen- 1, emek 2face="Times New Roman Star"imge|n- 1, imge|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- (AH, Pav. C.) 1, emgek (AH, Abush.), emek (Pav. C.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. emge|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. e|mge|n- 1, e|mge|k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ma"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- 1, emgek 2



face="Times New Roman Star"aman- 1, amak 'illness'face="Times New Roman Star"emek 'decrepit'
face="Times New Roman Star"en|bek 'chronic illness'
face="Times New Roman Star"emgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"en|bek 2face="Times New Roman Star"embek 2face="Times New Roman Star"imge|n- 1, imge|k 2

face="Times New Roman Star"emgen- 1, emgek 2


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 159, VEWT 42, ÝÑÒß 1, 272-275, 25-26. Turk. > Mong. emge- (Ùåðáàê 1997, 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ana / *en/eface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"motherface="Times New Roman Star"ìàòüface="Times New Roman Star"ana ? ene (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ana ? ene (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"ana (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"eneface="Times New Roman Star"ina"
face="Times New Roman Star"ene
face="Times New Roman Star"an/neface="Times New Roman Star"ijeface="Times New Roman Star"in/eface="Times New Roman Star"ije
face="Times New Roman Star"eneface="Times New Roman Star"ene, ana
face="Times New Roman Star"ina"face="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"ene, anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 169-170, VEWT 19, 44, TMN 2, 130, ÝÑÒß 1, 278-281, Åãîðîâ 28, Ëåêñèêà 298-299, 300-301, Stachowski 127.
face="Times New Roman Star"*eru"kface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 plum 2 apricotface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëèâà 2 àáðèêîñface="Times New Roman Star"eru"k 1, 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k 1, 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1face="Times New Roman Star"u">ri>k 2face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k (AH) 'peach', o"ru"k (Abush.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"o.ri.k 2face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"rik 2face="Times New Roman Star"erik 2








face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ori>k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"u">ru">k 2face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1face="Times New Roman Star"ierik 1face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1face="Times New Roman Star"erik 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"x 1face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 222, ÝÑÒß 1, 291-292.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.r-kekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 man 2 husband 3 maleface="Times New Roman Star"1 ìóæ÷èíà 2 ìóæ 3 ñàìåö
face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"irke|k 3
face="Times New Roman Star"erkak 1

face="Times New Roman Star"erka"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1

face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"hi.rka"k 1
face="Times New Roman Star"irgex 3face="Times New Roman Star"irgek 3face="Times New Roman Star"irgek 3face="Times New Roman Star"i'rxek 3face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"irka"k 3face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"rkex 1face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 46, TMN 2, 178-9, EDT 192, ÝÑÒß 1, 297-298, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 303, 561, Åãîðîâ 30, Stachowski 46, 128. We follow Clauson (EDT 223-4) in separating *e:r from *e.r-kek.
face="Times New Roman Star"*er-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 coquetry 2 cockering, endearment 3 cockered, beloved 4 entertainment , jokeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîêåòñòâî 2 áàëîâñòâî, ëàñêà 3 èçáàëîâàííûé, ëþáèìûé 4 çàáàâà, øóòêà

face="Times New Roman Star"erke (dial.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, (dial.) irma"k 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 1, 2, 3 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"erka" 1, 3, ermak 4face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" 3, erma"k 4
face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" (dial.) 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ermek 4 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, erbek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek, erbek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"j@rg@n `wriggler, trickster' (Ashm.)face="Times New Roman Star"erke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erg|e 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, irma"k 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3

face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 296-297, 300-301, TMN 2, 181-182. The root is widely spread, although unattested in older sources; its relationship to *eril/- 'contest' (suggested in ÝÑÒß 297) is dubious.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ernegface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"edge (of a dish)face="Times New Roman Star"êðàé, êðîìêà (ïîñóäû)

face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"irna"wface="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek








face="Times New Roman Star"erdo":face="Times New Roman Star"ernew
face="Times New Roman Star"irne- 'to border'


face="Times New Roman Star"ernek

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 301. The root is attested late and may be theoretically derived from *Erin 'lip' (v. sub *i_a>\re/); however, the latter can also mean 'edge (of a dish)' in some languages and one can suspect that PT actually merged *Erin 'lip' and *Erin 'edge', while the form *Erneg was derived only from the latter.
face="Times New Roman Star"*es-(ku")face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"old, ancientface="Times New Roman Star"ñòàðûéface="Times New Roman Star"eski (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"eski (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"eski, dial. esgiface="Times New Roman Star"iskeface="Times New Roman Star"eski (Sangl., Pav. C., AH, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"eskiface="Times New Roman Star"eski, o"ski
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ski, a"silli 'grown up'face="Times New Roman Star"esgi

face="Times New Roman Star"eski
face="Times New Roman Star"as-lú 'great', az-(-atte, -anne) 'grandfather, grandmother'face="Times New Roman Star"o"su"k 'ancient times'


face="Times New Roman Star"eskiface="Times New Roman Star"eskiface="Times New Roman Star"eskiface="Times New Roman Star"it|keface="Times New Roman Star"eskiface="Times New Roman Star"i_eskiface="Times New Roman Star"eskiface="Times New Roman Star"eski
face="Times New Roman Star"esgi, eskiface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 50, ÝÑÒß 1, 306-308, Ëåêñèêà 86, EDT 246, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 63-64. Cf. also Turk. *asy- 'old, last year's' (VEWT 29).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.su"r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to become drunkface="Times New Roman Star"ïüÿíåòü, íàïèâàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"esu"r- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"esu"r- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"esri-face="Times New Roman Star"isi>r-face="Times New Roman Star"esri- (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"a"si>r- (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"esre-face="Times New Roman Star"izi>r-face="Times New Roman Star"ezir-face="Times New Roman Star"ezir-
face="Times New Roman Star"u"z@r-face="Times New Roman Star"itir-face="Times New Roman Star"itirikte:- 'to rejoice, have a feast'face="Times New Roman Star"ezir-face="Times New Roman Star"e`siri-face="Times New Roman Star"esir-face="Times New Roman Star"esi>r-face="Times New Roman Star"esir-face="Times New Roman Star"it|i>r-face="Times New Roman Star"esir-
face="Times New Roman Star"esir-face="Times New Roman Star"esir-
face="Times New Roman Star"esir-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 251, VEWT 50, ÝÑÒß 1, 309-310, Stachowski 130.
face="Times New Roman Star"*el/gekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"donkeyface="Times New Roman Star"îñåëface="Times New Roman Star"es?gek (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"es?gek, es?jek (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"es?ekface="Times New Roman Star"is?a"kface="Times New Roman Star"es?ek (Áîð. Áàä., Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"es?a"kface="Times New Roman Star"es?a"k
face="Times New Roman Star"es?s?a"kface="Times New Roman Star"es?ek

face="Times New Roman Star"es?tek
face="Times New Roman Star"az?ak



face="Times New Roman Star"es?ekface="Times New Roman Star"esekface="Times New Roman Star"es?ekface="Times New Roman Star"is?a"kface="Times New Roman Star"es?ekface="Times New Roman Star"ies?ekface="Times New Roman Star"es?ekface="Times New Roman Star"es?ek
face="Times New Roman Star"es?ekface="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 317-318, TMN 2, 65, EDT 260.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.l/it-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to hearface="Times New Roman Star"ñëûøàòüface="Times New Roman Star"es?id- (Orkh.), es?it- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"is?it-face="Times New Roman Star"is?et-; dial. (Mishar) is?- 'hear' (ÒÒÄÑ 156), (Bar.) is?e|n- 'listen' (ßÁÒ 140)face="Times New Roman Star"es?it- (Abush. 63)face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-face="Times New Roman Star"es?et- (Kashg., ÓÍÑ 109)
face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-, pass. es?idil-face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-, pass. es?idil-face="Times New Roman Star"is- / ist-

face="Times New Roman Star"is?u"t-face="Times New Roman Star"ilt-face="Times New Roman Star"ihit-, pass. ihilin-face="Times New Roman Star"ihit-, pass. ihilin-

face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-face="Times New Roman Star"est-face="Times New Roman Star"esit-face="Times New Roman Star"is?et-face="Times New Roman Star"es?t-face="Times New Roman Star"is?it-face="Times New Roman Star"s?it-face="Times New Roman Star"esit-face="Times New Roman Star"is?ti-face="Times New Roman Star"es?it-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 51, EDT 257-8, ÝÑÒß 1, 318-319, Åãîðîâ 69, Stachowski 123. Note -d- in Runic and the voicing of -t before a vowel in Az. and Turkm. Khak. has two forms of stem (is- and iste-, morphonologically distributed, so that is- < iste-; the same historical process could have occurred with. Ku"a"r. a"s?-, Kach. es?- (R 1, 905); so the only clear evidence for the stem *el/- are Tatar dialectal reflexes (in which case -t may be a causative suffix, see Bang 1925, Zaja,czkowski 1932). Shor este- 'to hear', estel- 'to be heard' do not belong here, being derived from *es > is 'mind, memory', like Mod. Uygh. an|la- 'to hear' < an| 'mind'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Etekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lap, edge of clothface="Times New Roman Star"ïîäîë, êðàé îäåæäû
face="Times New Roman Star"etek (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"etekface="Times New Roman Star"ita"kface="Times New Roman Star"etek (Áîð. Áàä., Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"eta"kface="Times New Roman Star"eta"k
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ta"kface="Times New Roman Star"etekface="Times New Roman Star"idekface="Times New Roman Star"edekface="Times New Roman Star"edekface="Times New Roman Star"ha"ta"k


face="Times New Roman Star"e'dek
face="Times New Roman Star"etekface="Times New Roman Star"etekface="Times New Roman Star"etekface="Times New Roman Star"ita"kface="Times New Roman Star"etekface="Times New Roman Star"ietekface="Times New Roman Star"etekface="Times New Roman Star"etek
face="Times New Roman Star"etekface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 50, VEWT 52, ÝÑÒß 1, 313.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.r/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to scratch, scrape 2 to knead, press 3 to grind, crush 4 to soak, dilute 5 to rub, smearface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñêðåñòè, öàðàïàòü 2 ðàçìèíàòü, äàâèòü 3 òîëî÷ü, ðàñòèðàòü 4 ìî÷èòü, ðàçæèæàòü 5 ðàñòèðàòü, îáìàçûâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"ez- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 3, 4face="Times New Roman Star"iz- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez- (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) 5face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 5face="Times New Roman Star"a"z- 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"a"z- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 4


face="Times New Roman Star"a"z- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ir- 2, 4



face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 4face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2face="Times New Roman Star"id|- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ez- 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 279, ÝÑÒß 1, 235-236, Åãîðîâ 71, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 170.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:c?- (?i:-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to submitface="Times New Roman Star"ïîä÷èíÿòüface="Times New Roman Star"ic?ik- (Orkh., OUygh.), ec?ik- (Yen.)face="Times New Roman Star"ec?ik- (MK)



face="Times New Roman Star"ec?in- 'to repent, regret'

face="Times New Roman Star"ez?|i:z 'weak, fenceless'face="Times New Roman Star"is- 'to obey'

















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 25.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:p-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to swell, swollen (of belly) 2 to become pregnant, pregnant 3 to be arrogant, inflatedface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïóõíóòü (î æèâîòå) 2 áåðåìåíåòü, áåðåìåííàÿ 3 ÷âàíèòüñÿ, âàæíè÷àòü

face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2face="Times New Roman Star"k@p@r-, k@pr@j- 3face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2 (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"ga"biz `constipation'face="Times New Roman Star"ga":be 1



face="Times New Roman Star"kabar 'insatiable, gluttonous'face="Times New Roman Star"kiebir- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xever- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kebez?|e, keber 1face="Times New Roman Star"kebez?e 1
face="Times New Roman Star"k@p@j- 1, k@pr@j- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"gebe 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kep-, gebez?e 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 3, 36. The root is partially confused (and contaminated) with *gebre- 'to die, corpse' (v. sub *ka>pi).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:kir-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to belchface="Times New Roman Star"ðûãàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"kekir- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"gejir-face="Times New Roman Star"kiker-face="Times New Roman Star"gegir- (Pav. C.), kekir- (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"kekir-face="Times New Roman Star"keki(r)-face="Times New Roman Star"kekirt- (ßÆÓ)face="Times New Roman Star"ga"jir-face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gir-face="Times New Roman Star"kig@r-
face="Times New Roman Star"kegir-face="Times New Roman Star"ga":gu"r-face="Times New Roman Star"kagúr-face="Times New Roman Star"kegert-
face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir-face="Times New Roman Star"keg|ir-face="Times New Roman Star"kekir-face="Times New Roman Star"kekir-face="Times New Roman Star"kekir-face="Times New Roman Star"kiker-face="Times New Roman Star"kekir-face="Times New Roman Star"gi:r-face="Times New Roman Star"kekir-face="Times New Roman Star"kekir-
face="Times New Roman Star"kekir-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 248, EDT 712, ÝÑÒß 3, 37, Ëåêñèêà 232.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ge:.miface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"boatface="Times New Roman Star"ëîäêàface="Times New Roman Star"kemi (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kemi (MK, IM)face="Times New Roman Star"gemiface="Times New Roman Star"kime|face="Times New Roman Star"keme (Abush., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"kemaface="Times New Roman Star"kema"
face="Times New Roman Star"ga"miface="Times New Roman Star"ga":miface="Times New Roman Star"kimeface="Times New Roman Star"kebeface="Times New Roman Star"keme
face="Times New Roman Star"kim@

face="Times New Roman Star"xeme
face="Times New Roman Star"kemeface="Times New Roman Star"kemeface="Times New Roman Star"kemeface="Times New Roman Star"ka"ma"face="Times New Roman Star"kemeface="Times New Roman Star"gemiface="Times New Roman Star"gemiface="Times New Roman Star"kemeface="Times New Roman Star"kimo"face="Times New Roman Star"gemeface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, TMN 3, 668-669, EDT 721-722, ÝÑÒß 3, 37-38. Turk. > Mong. keme (Ùåðáàê 1997, 126).
face="Times New Roman Star"*gE:neface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tick, name of different parasitesface="Times New Roman Star"êëåù, íàçâ. ðàçëè÷íûõ ïàðàçèòîâ

face="Times New Roman Star"gene, kene

face="Times New Roman Star"kana

face="Times New Roman Star"ga"na"face="Times New Roman Star"ga":na"









face="Times New Roman Star"kena"




face="Times New Roman Star"kene

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 251, TMN 3, 615-616, ÝÑÒß 5, 63-64, Ëåêñèêà 183. Voiced *g- and front row vocalism speaks against the theory of Turk. being < Pers. kana (although some forms like Khalaj kana and Turkm. dial. ka":na" may have been influenced by the Persian word - which itself has so far no Iranian etymology and must be regarded as a Turkic loanword).
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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