face="Times New Roman Star"1 smoke 2 soot, dirty smoke 3 scent, odour 4 fumes
face="Times New Roman Star"1 äûì 2 êîïîòü, ñàæà 3 çàïàõ, àðîìàò 4 èñïàðåíèÿ
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 2 (MK), 'mist' (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"y:s 4
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys? 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"The root originally meant 'soot, smoke' and should be strictly kept distinct from PT *jyd- 'smell' and *yjs 'smell, odour, fumes', although they have a natural tendency to merge. See VEWT 167, 170, EDT 254, 883, ÝÑÒß 1, 379-382, Ëåêñèêà 370-371.
face="Times New Roman Star"din|le-, tyn|la- 1 (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"tin|la- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tynna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dinla"- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"din|le- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|na- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|da- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?únla- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"dyn|na- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dyn|na- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|s?a- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|da- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"dinle-, tyn|la- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"tyn|la- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"The verbal stem *dyn|la- is derived from the noun *dyn| (OT tyn|, Turkm. din| 'reason, mind, cleverness'). See VEWT 478, EDT 522, ÝÑÒß 3, 236-237.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 nose 2 to snuffle 3 beak, snout 4 parched nose (phras.) 5 nose bridge
face="Times New Roman Star"1 íîñ 2 ãíóñàâèòü 3 êëþâ, ìîðäà 4 ïåðåñîõøèé (î íîñå) 5 ïåðåíîñèöà
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|raq `palate' (MK - ÄÒÑ)
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|ryq, qarq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gan|s?yravuq 'nasal cavity', Gon|ursa- 'to reek'
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq (Tel.) (R II, 82); qon|yr 5 (R II 521), Tel. (Âåðá.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xan|ynaj- 2; xon|uru:, xan|yry: 5 (Ïåê.)
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 3, xa:s? 'nasal', qon|zan| 'crook-nosed'
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:j 1, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|yryq 4, qon|ursu- 'to reek'
face="Times New Roman Star"qan|g|yryq (dial.) 'hard palate'
face="Times New Roman Star"The root is no doubt archaic, although not widely attested. On its modern reflexes see VEWT 232, Ëåêñèêà 215-216 (some of the listed forms are < Mong., but certainly not all.), ÝÑÒß 6, 66.
face="Times New Roman Star"ulug|, uluq 1 (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ulu 2
face="Times New Roman Star"uly 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ulaxan, ulu: 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ulakan, ulu: 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ulug| 1
face="Times New Roman Star"uluu 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ulken 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u"jken 1
face="Times New Roman Star"o"lka"n 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ullu 1
face="Times New Roman Star"u"lken 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 513, 520, TMN 2, 117-118, EDT 136, ÝÑÒß 1, 593-594, 630, Stachowski 242, 243. Turkic languages reveal two variants (*ulug and *u"lken, the latter being represented only in modern languages), probably interrelated. Despite Bang TB X and TMN 2, 118 it is hard to see any relationship between *ulug (hardly *ullug: some modern forms must have secondary gemination here) and *ul 'foundation'.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 bark 2 shell 3 husk 4 bran
face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðà 2 ñêîðëóïà 3 øåëóõà 4 îòðóáè, ìÿêèíà
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq 4 (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyq, qavuq (MK, KB) 4
face="Times New Roman Star"kavuz 3, kavza 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qo|vuz 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qovzaq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"Gavyz (dial.) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xo:x 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qo:q 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xyvúx 4
face="Times New Roman Star"xo:-tara: 'a k. of millet with sagging panicles'
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"qavyz 4
face="Times New Roman Star"quvyq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, EDT 583, ÝÑÒß 5, 173-174, 178-179, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 62. The root should be distinguished from *K(i)ab- 'peeled skin, peel' (v. sub *k`i_a:\bu).
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j-, ku"j- 1, ko"jdu"r- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1, ku"jo" (dial.) 5
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1, ko"je 5
face="Times New Roman Star"ko"j- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ko": 5
face="Times New Roman Star"kie_n- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ku", k@w|v 6 (Àøì.), k@w|s/ek 7; kúw|vajt 5
face="Times New Roman Star"xo": 5
face="Times New Roman Star"xo": 5
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ko": 5
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ku"je 5
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ku"je 5
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"j- 1, ku"je 5
face="Times New Roman Star"gu"j- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 309, EDT 726, 730, ÝÑÒß 5, 88-89, 133, Ëåêñèêà 362, Ìóäðàê Äèññ. 75. The Az. form is somewhat dubious, both semantically ("itch") and phonetically (irregular voiced g-). See also *ko"n/- 'to grieve, suffer'.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, TMN 4, 188-189, EDT 916, ÝÑÒß 4, 85-86 (confused with *ja:l, v. sub *da:/lV), Ëåêñèêà 147, 566. The Oghuz name of 'feather' (jelek / lelek, see ÝÑÒß 4, 179) is probably derived from this root; perhaps also *jel-ke 'back of head (including the neck)', see VEWT 196, ÝÑÒß 4, 181.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 small river 2 sand, pebbles 3 flood, freshet 4 shallow
face="Times New Roman Star"1 ðå÷êà 2 ïåñîê, ãàëüêà 3 ïîëîâîäüå, íàâîäíåíèå 4 ìåëêîâîäíûé
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1, c?eke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:j 1, c?a":ge 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ajyq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj-r-am 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj 2 (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"saj 'a river weed' (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aj (in the hydronym qarac?aj)
face="Times New Roman Star"The word is poorly attested (almost only in some modern Oghuz languages and Chag., see VEWT 95, Ëåêñèêà 94; the Yakut parallel is phonetically unclear - borrowed from Tuva or Altai?). Turk. *c?a:j-ka (Turkm. c?a":ge, Chag. c?eke) > Kalm. ceke|: (KW 426). The forms (despite semantic difference) may have an Iranian origin: Pers. (Pekhl.) c?a:h 'well, spring' < *c?a:t|a > Av. c?a:ta, Kurd. c?a:l, Bel. c?a:t, Osset. c?ad 'lake', Wakhi c?ot 'pond' (Horn 97, Àá. 1, 285, 329, Ðàñòîðãóåâà 1990, 191, ÝÑÂß 130); a certain Persian loan is Khal. c?a: 'Brunnen, Grube'. Osset. c?'aj 'well' is regarded by Abaev as a borrowing from Pers. through Georgian (c?.a 'well'). The relationship to the verbal stem c?a:j- 'to swill' (ÎÑÍß 3, 59-60) ( < 'wash water off from the surface'?) is yet to be determined.
face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2, dial. xarac?y 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"kos/ xori 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xarax 2
face="Times New Roman Star"karak 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, dial. qareq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaras?yq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3, qaras?yq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235-236, TMN 3, 434-436, EDT 652, ÝÑÒß 5, 295-296, Àøì. VII, 36, Ëåêñèêà 210, Stachowski 138. Deriving *Karak from *Kara 'black' (see also TMN 1, 401) is highly dubious both for semantic and morphological reasons; forms like Tur. go"z karasy result from secondary reanalysis. Cf. also the forms *Kara-la- 'to stare' (Az. qarala-, Uygh. qarala-, see ÝÑÒß 5, 289), *Karaj- 'to watch, preserve' (Yak. xaraj-, Dolg. karaj-; Yak. xarys 'care, wariness', Dolg. karysta:- 'to care, beware', see Stachowski 138, 140) - which, in contrast to qara- 'look' ( < Mong.) are unlikely to be borrowed.
