face="Times New Roman Star"ald 1, altyg|y 2; alty 1 {(Баск. Туба)}
face="Times New Roman Star"a[:]lt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"old(ъ) 'gusset'
face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1
face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 1
face="Times New Roman Star"a'ldy 1
face="Times New Roman Star"aldyn 'в низовье реки' (Рас. ФиЛ 153)
face="Times New Roman Star"ald(y) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1
face="Times New Roman Star"alt 1 (K)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 14, ЭСТЯ 1, 140-141, Stachowski 32. VEWT confuses (after Bang and Brockelmann) the roots *al- 'below' and *a:l 'front'. They are indeed mixed in Kirgh. and Oyr. lit., where we have ald 'front, below', but are distinguished in dialects (Tuba: ald 'front', with a voicing in the consonant cluster after an old long vowel, but alty 'below'). The Chuv. form probably goes back to the compound *koltuk alty 'axillary concavity, gusset' (attested in Tur., Gag., Az., see Дыбо 154). Most languages reflect *al-ty- (the simple form al is not attested, see the discussion in EDT 121), but the reality of the root *a>l is proved by a different derivative in Yakut. Cf. also Sib.-Tat. alas?a 'low, low place' (КСТТ 100). Another possible old derivative in -c?ak may be PT *al/(c?)ak (Karakh. as?aq, Turkm. as?a:q etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 214-215) 'below, bottom part; low, humble': its traditional derivation from *a:l/- 'to cross (a mountain)' is unsatisfactory both phonetically and semantically. A certain problem is the attribution of the adjective *al-c?ak (see ЭСТЯ 1, 143-144, EDT 129). Older occurrences of alc?aq (MK, KB, Tefs., Rabg. etc.) present the meaning 'modest, humble'; cf. also Sib.-Tat. alcaq 'valetudinarian' (КСТТ 101), Turkm. alc?ak 'affable' and perhaps Tur. alc?ak 'mean, vile', alc?a- 'to offend, humiliate'. This group of forms may in fact reflect a different root, otherwise represented by PT *Alyg, see under *a:\le 'weak, tired'. Another group of forms - Chag. alc?aq 'bas' (Pav. C.), Tur., Az., Crim.-Tat. (and Oghuz texts like Korkut) alc?aq 'low, low place' probably represents an Oghuz innovative derivation in -c?ak from the root al- (which is why -lc?- did not yield -s?- here), perhaps influenced by Mong. alc?a-gar, alc?a-n 'stunted, undersized', derived from Mong. alc?aji- 'to spread legs apart'.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to become weak 2 bad 3 to be vile (of a man), to turn septic (of a wound) 4 weak, inferior 5 upset 6 old, worn-out 7 crazy 8 lazy man 9 to hurry 10 fool 11 to go mad 12 to deceive 13 perplexed 14 dumb, foolish 15 doubt, surprise 16 error 17 be in doubt, perplexed 18 absent-minded, unattentive 19 weakness
face="Times New Roman Star"to finish; destroy; (refl.) perish, be exhausted, come to an end
face="Times New Roman Star"заканчивать, выполнять; уничтожать
face="Times New Roman Star"alq- (Orkh., OUygh.), alq-yn- (refl.) (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"alq- (MK, IM), alq-yn- refl. (MK, IM), alqys?- 'to destroy each other' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"alk- (dial.); alk-ys?- (Old Osm.) 'to destroy (many)'
face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to weaken' (Р I 390), 'to rage' (Юд. 51) (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to get short of breath, chafe' (?)
face="Times New Roman Star"alq-yn- 'to get short of breath'
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, 137, 138-139; VEWT 17. Reflexes in modern languages are not quite secure. The reflexive form alkyn- 'weaken' (but note the difference in meanings in R and in modern dictionaries) may be derived both from *alk- and from *alyk- 'to deteriorate, disintegrate' (EDT 138), which belongs rather to *Al 'silly, weak', alyg| 'bad, weak, wicked' (in any case, cannot be morphologically identified with *alk-), thus modern languages may exhibit a contamination.
face="Times New Roman Star"alg|a:- 1, alg|y: 2 ( < Tuva)
face="Times New Roman Star"alga:- 'to shamanize' ( < Tuva)
face="Times New Roman Star"a'lg|ys? 3
face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1, alqys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys 2; alqa- 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 137-138, EDT 137-138, Егоров 343, Stachowski 31, Мудрак Дисс. 181 (regarding the Yak. form as borrowed < Tuva because of its vocalism).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 difficult, hard 2 warrior 3 hero 4 brave 5 giant 6 landlord
face="Times New Roman Star"1 трудный 2 воин 3 герой 4 храбрый 5 великан 6 помещик, землевладелец
face="Times New Roman Star"alp 1, 2, 4 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.); alp-a-g|ut 2 (OUygh.).
face="Times New Roman Star"alp 2, 4 (MK, KB, Tefs., IM); alpag|ut 2 (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 4
face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 3, 5, alpawyt 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alp 2, 3 (Sngl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3
face="Times New Roman Star"alpawut 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4, albyx- 'to act as a meddler'
face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4
face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 4
face="Times New Roman Star"olъp 5, olbut 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 'witchcraft; part of some names of spirits'
face="Times New Roman Star"albyq- 'to pant, stifle', alba:- 'to lapse into oblivion'
face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 4, 5, albu:t 'hot-tempered'
face="Times New Roman Star"alyp 5, albyt, albyrt 'hot-tempered'
face="Times New Roman Star"alpawyt 2, alpamys?a 5 (from Alp Amys?a, a folklore name, = Tat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"alp 'chief', alpawut 'gentry man'
face="Times New Roman Star"alp 3, 5, albyra- 'be exhausted, embarassed'
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 127-128, VEWT 18, ЭСТЯ I 139, Федотов 2, 276. Clauson's hypothesis that the reflexes of *alpawut in recent languages are the result of a re-borrowing from Mong. (cf. Lit. Mong. albag|ut (Kow. 84) < Turk.), partly contaminated with Mong. alban 'tax', is unnecessary: a semantic shift 'warrior' > 'gentry' > 'landlord' seems to be natural. Cf. a borrowing from Mong. alba-tu in Tuva, Oyr. albatu, albaty, Kirgh. albaty 'tax-payers, people'.
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 156, TMN 2, 124. Turk. > Pers. a:ma:z?| (see Horn 11 on the lack of Iranian etymology of the Persian word; the derivation in Bailey 326: a:ma:z?| < *ma:tac? is hardly credible), despite Molna/r 2001 (suggesting a different direction); but Chag. (Sangl.) amaz?| is certainly a backloan < Persian. The word is also present in Armen. mac? 'plough handle', where it is most probably < Iranian.
face="Times New Roman Star"that (obl.cases) 2 here, look (part.)
face="Times New Roman Star"тот (основа косв. падежей) 2 вот, тут
face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), an|-ar (dat.) (Orkh., OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), on|-a (dat.) (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.), an-ar (dat.) (Mish.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.) (Babur)
face="Times New Roman Star"a (nom.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ana 2
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-g|aa (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), o-(g|)o (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"a"/ra" 'that side' (vocalism under influence of ba"/ra" 'this side')
face="Times New Roman Star"on-da (loc.), ъw|n-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ana-ra: 2
face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta, an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-g|a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an-ar (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-dy (loc.), an|-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 19, EDT 165, ЭСТЯ 1, 147-150, 157. In OT and most modern languages the root a(n)- acts as an oblique stem for ol 'that' (as well as a deriving stem for pronominal adverbs). Only in SUygh. a- is the direct stem.
