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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*ady-r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to separateface="Times New Roman Star"отделятьface="Times New Roman Star"adyr- (Orkh., OUygh.); adyn (OUygh.) 'other'face="Times New Roman Star"ad|yr- (MK); ad|yn (MK) 'other'face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr- (Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"ajir-face="Times New Roman Star"ajra-, ajri- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"azyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"azyr-face="Times New Roman Star"azyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajry-face="Times New Roman Star"hadru-, hadur-face="Times New Roman Star"ojъr-face="Times New Roman Star"atyr-; atyn 'other'face="Times New Roman Star"atyn 'other'face="Times New Roman Star"adyr-face="Times New Roman Star"adyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-
face="Times New Roman Star"ajyr-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 6, EDT 60, 66-67, ЭСТЯ 1, 93, 114-116, Федотов 2, 270, Stachowski 39. Turk. > MMo, WMong. az?|ira- (see Щербак 1997, 94), whence again Uzb. az?|ra- etc. (see ЭСТЯ ibid.).
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.j-yt-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to say 2 to prescribe, tell 3 to ask, demand 4 to concernface="Times New Roman Star"1 говорить 2 указывать, предписывать 3 просить 4 касаться ч.-л.face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 3 (OUygh.), ajy- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"aj-, ajyt- 1 (MK), ajyt- 3 (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"ait- 4face="Times New Roman Star"e|jt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"aj(y)t- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ejt- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1 (dial.), ajyt- 'sing'

face="Times New Roman Star"ha:j- 1face="Times New Roman Star"yjt- 3face="Times New Roman Star"yj- 2, yjyt- 3face="Times New Roman Star"yjyt- 3face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ajyt- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"jt- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ajt- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 10, ЭСТЯ 1, 99-100, 111-112, Егоров 342, EDT 268-9, Stachowski 259. PT *a.jyt- is derived from *a.j- 'to point out, prescribe'. Before the 11th c. it had only a causative meaning; the meaning 'say, tell' developed later.
face="Times New Roman Star"*A:lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 device, trick, deceit 2 to deceiveface="Times New Roman Star"1 обман, хитрость 2 обманыватьface="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.), al-ta- 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"a:l 1 (MK, KB), alda- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"a^l 1, aldat- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"aldi- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (dial.), al-da-n- 'to be deceived, to err'face="Times New Roman Star"a:l 1, a:lda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2






face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"alda- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alda- 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 120-121, TMN 2, 93, ЭСТЯ 1, 126-127. A discussion of albasty ( = Mong. albin) see in TMN 2, 109-110. Turk. *a:l-da- > Mong. alda- 'to deceive' (MA, cf. also TMN 2, 116, Щербак 1997, 97) > Evk. alda- etc. (Doerfer MT 109). On Mong. alda- 'to lose' see *a:\le 'weak, tired'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to takeface="Times New Roman Star"братьface="Times New Roman Star"al- (Orkh., Yen., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"al- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|l-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"il-face="Times New Roman Star"yl-face="Times New Roman Star"yl-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"al-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 124-125, VEWT 14-15, ЭСТЯ 1, 127-128, Егоров 68, Лексика 336, 337, Stachowski 259.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:laface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"variegatedface="Times New Roman Star"пестрыйface="Times New Roman Star"ala (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ala (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"o|laface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"a:laface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"hala-bulaface="Times New Roman Star"olaface="Times New Roman Star"ala
face="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"ala-z?|aface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"alaface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 126, VEWT 15, ЭСТЯ 1, 129-130, TMN 2, 95-97, Федотов 2, 274, Лексика 607.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ala-n / *ala-n|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"level ground, plainface="Times New Roman Star"равнина
face="Times New Roman Star"alan| (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"alan, dial. alaface="Times New Roman Star"alanface="Times New Roman Star"alan| (Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, a:la



face="Times New Roman Star"olъxface="Times New Roman Star"ala:s, aly:face="Times New Roman Star"alyn, aly:face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q, alandy

face="Times New Roman Star"alan|face="Times New Roman Star"alan|


face="Times New Roman Star"alan|face="Times New Roman Star"alan|

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 147, ЭСТЯ 1, 134-135, Федотов 2, 277, Stachowski 32, 33. Length in the Turkm. variant a:la is not clear. Yak. ala:s > Russ. Siber. ala/s (Аникин 80-81).
face="Times New Roman Star"*A>lan|yrface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of rat, jerboaface="Times New Roman Star"вид крысы, тушканчик
face="Times New Roman Star"alan|yr (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"alan|g|arat 'gros rat' (Pav. C. 30)



face="Times New Roman Star"alaqa 'gopher', alan|n|yrt 'field mouse'


















face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 149.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a:lface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 front 2 forehead 3 in front of 4 towards the front offace="Times New Roman Star"1 перед 2 лоб 3 впереди, спереди 4 впередface="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"al 1 (dial.), alyn 1, 2; 'face'face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-d-y 1, alyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"aly 1 (Abush.), alny-da 'in the presence of' (Abush.), aldy (Babur) 3face="Times New Roman Star"o|l-d-i 1face="Times New Roman Star"ajl, aldi 1, al-dyn 3, al-g|a 4face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, alym, alyn 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"a:lyn 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"alny 1face="Times New Roman Star"alny 1, alyn-da 3face="Times New Roman Star"aldy, alyn 1face="Times New Roman Star"ha:nl(y), ha:ll 2face="Times New Roman Star"om 1

face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 'face'face="Times New Roman Star"alyn 'face, mountain slope'face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al-da 3, al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"al, aldy 1face="Times New Roman Star"al, ally 1, al-da 3, al-g|a 4face="Times New Roman Star"anny 2face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1 (K), alyn 1 (T, H)face="Times New Roman Star"al-d-y 1face="Times New Roman Star"aldy- 1face="Times New Roman Star"al 1, al-dan 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 121, 147; VEWT 14 (should be distinguished from *al- 'below'), TMN 2, 120, ЭСТЯ 1, 124-125, 146, Федотов 2, 280, Лексика 198-199. See EDT 121 commenting on the absence of early attestation of the suffixless form.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.lky-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to bless, praise 2 blessing, praise 3 curseface="Times New Roman Star"1 благословлять, восхвалять 2 благословение, хвала 3 проклятие, проклинатьface="Times New Roman Star"alqa- (OUygh.) 1, alqys? (OUygh., Yen.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"alkys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|lqis? 2face="Times New Roman Star"alqis? 2face="Times New Roman Star"alqys 2face="Times New Roman Star"alGys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2

face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ylg|an 3face="Times New Roman Star"alg|a:- 1, alg|y: 2 ( < Tuva)face="Times New Roman Star"alga:- 'to shamanize' ( < Tuva)face="Times New Roman Star"a'lg|ys? 3
face="Times New Roman Star"alqa- 1, alqys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys 2; alqa- 1 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"alqys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ys? 2face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 1, 137-138, EDT 137-138, Егоров 343, Stachowski 31, Мудрак Дисс. 181 (regarding the Yak. form as borrowed < Tuva because of its vocalism).
face="Times New Roman Star"*a>l-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to become weak 2 bad 3 to be vile (of a man), to turn septic (of a wound) 4 weak, inferior 5 upset 6 old, worn-out 7 crazy 8 lazy man 9 to hurry 10 fool 11 to go mad 12 to deceive 13 perplexed 14 dumb, foolish 15 doubt, surprise 16 error 17 be in doubt, perplexed 18 absent-minded, unattentive 19 weaknessface="Times New Roman Star"1 слабеть 2 дурной 3 быть подлым (о человеке), воспаляться (о ране) 4 слабый, худший 5 расстроенный 6 старый, изношенный 7 безумный, ошалелый 8 лентяй 9 торопиться 10 дурак 11 сходить с ума 12 обманывать 13 растерянный 14 глупый, простоватый 15 сомнение, удивление 16 ошибка 17 сомневаться, сбиваться, путаться 18 рассеянный, невнимательный 19 чахлость, немощьface="Times New Roman Star"alan|-a-d- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"alyg| 2 (MK), alyq- 3 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"alyk, (Osm.) alu 4, alaz, alyz 4 (dial.), alkyn 5 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ala-ma 2, 6face="Times New Roman Star"aluq 7 (Abush. 27)
face="Times New Roman Star"alaq, alan| 7face="Times New Roman Star"alg|ac? 8 (ЯЖУ 14)
face="Times New Roman Star"al-n|-a-sa- 9face="Times New Roman Star"alyg| 10, alas 5, al-yn-, al-ax- 11, (caus.) 12face="Times New Roman Star"al-aq-tyr- (caus. from *al-aq-) 12, al-aq-qan 13, alyg| 10, al-yn- 11face="Times New Roman Star"ala: (< alag|) 14, alu (< alyg|) 10, alan| 15, alg|as 5, al-yn- 11

face="Times New Roman Star"alg|as 16
face="Times New Roman Star"ala:q- 17, alan| 15
face="Times New Roman Star"alan|, alag|-dy 18face="Times New Roman Star"alan| 18face="Times New Roman Star"ala-n|-g|a-s-ar 18face="Times New Roman Star"alama 2, 6, al-jawu 11face="Times New Roman Star"alyn- 11face="Times New Roman Star"alyq 7, 10face="Times New Roman Star"alas 19face="Times New Roman Star"alan| 18

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 16-17, TMN 2, 116, EDT 129, 138, 149, ЭСТЯ 1, 132, 145-146, Clark 1977, 128. See also Oghuz *al-c?ak sub *a>l 'below'. Tends to contaminate with *a:l 'red' and *a:la 'variegated', cf. Uygh. al-ga"da"n 'nai've' ('red nape'), Turkm. a:la-samsyk 'foolish' ('variegated fool'), Bashk. al-jot 'fool' ('red fellow'). KW 7. Turk. *algaz > MMong. alg|asa- 'faul, nachlassig sein' (SH), then Mong. > Kirgh., KBalk., Kum. alg|asa(r)-, Nogh. alas-la-r- 'to become embarrassed', (Karaim) 'to be scared' etc. Despite Sevortyan, Tokharian A a:la:s 'iners, ignavus' (Poucha 27), B ala:s- 'be sick' (Sieg-Siegling 91) not < Turk., but < Sanskr. alasa.
face="Times New Roman Star"*amac?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"ploughface="Times New Roman Star"плуг
face="Times New Roman Star"amac? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"Osm. amac?
face="Times New Roman Star"amac? (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|mo|c?face="Times New Roman Star"amac?

face="Times New Roman Star"omac?








face="Times New Roman Star"amac?








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 156, TMN 2, 124. Turk. > Pers. a:ma:z?| (see Horn 11 on the lack of Iranian etymology of the Persian word; the derivation in Bailey 326: a:ma:z?| < *ma:tac? is hardly credible), despite Molna/r 2001 (suggesting a different direction); but Chag. (Sangl.) amaz?| is certainly a backloan < Persian. The word is also present in Armen. mac? 'plough handle', where it is most probably < Iranian.
face="Times New Roman Star"*a.n-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"that (obl.cases) 2 here, look (part.)face="Times New Roman Star"тот (основа косв. падежей) 2 вот, тутface="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), an|-ar (dat.) (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), on|-a (dat.) (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.), an-ar (dat.) (Mish.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.) (Babur)

face="Times New Roman Star"a (nom.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ana 2face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-g|aa (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), o-(g|)o (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"a"/ra" 'that side' (vocalism under influence of ba"/ra" 'this side')face="Times New Roman Star"on-da (loc.), ъw|n-a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"ana-ra: 2
face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"yn-da (loc.), a(n|)-a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta (loc.), a-(g|)a (dat.)

face="Times New Roman Star"an-ta, an-da (loc.), an|-a (dat.)face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an|-g|a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-da (loc.), an-ar (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"an-dy (loc.), an|-a (dat.)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 19, EDT 165, ЭСТЯ 1, 147-150, 157. In OT and most modern languages the root a(n)- acts as an oblique stem for ol 'that' (as well as a deriving stem for pronominal adverbs). Only in SUygh. a- is the direct stem.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)anduk ( ? -nt-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a k. of lynxface="Times New Roman Star"вид хищника

face="Times New Roman Star"andyk 'вид гиены', Osm. anduq
face="Times New Roman Star"andyq 'espe\ce de loup cervier' (Pav. C.)























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 20, Лексика 159.
face="Times New Roman Star"*An|dur/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 a medicinal shrub, elecampane 2 cypress, juniper 3 shrub, bushface="Times New Roman Star"1 род лекарственного растения, девясил 2 кипарис, можжевельник 3 кустарник
face="Times New Roman Star"an|duz 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"andyz 3face="Times New Roman Star"andyz 2face="Times New Roman Star"anduz 1 (Sngl)



face="Times New Roman Star"andyz 'переступень двудомный'; an|n|yza 'a k. of mountain plant'








face="Times New Roman Star"qar-andyz, qaryndiz, antyz (South dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"andyz, andz?y 'аир'face="Times New Roman Star"andyz 2face="Times New Roman Star"andyd| 2face="Times New Roman Star"andyz 2face="Times New Roman Star"andyz 3



face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 21, EDT 178, ЭСТЯ 1, 150-151.
face="Times New Roman Star"*A>n|(k)ytface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wild duckface="Times New Roman Star"дикая уткаface="Times New Roman Star"an|yt (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"an|yt (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"angut 'огарь', ankyt (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"anqud (Sngl)face="Times New Roman Star"ang|irt 'red duck'
face="Times New Roman Star"an|ytface="Times New Roman Star"anGut-boGaz 'длинношеий'face="Times New Roman Star"an|k 'red duck'face="Times New Roman Star"a:t













face="Times New Roman Star"anqyt, ankit 'ostrich, vulture, dragon'

face="Times New Roman Star"han|qutface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 21, Лексика 172. Doerfer's (TMN 2, 129) PT *an|gyrt is a quite artificial construct: it is based on occasional modern forms (like Uzb. an|g|irt) which reflect a contamination of *an|yt and the borrowed Mong. an|g|yr (with the influence of an|gyrt 'careless'). All old sources (see EDT 176) reflect only *an|yt. (Yak. n/ynta:la 'горбоносый турпан' (Пек.), despite VEWT, < Evk. niltalbuki 'a black duck with white head, from nilta- 'to loose hair', lit. 'bald bird' ТМС I 593; anny, andy < TM *andi; ann/a, ann/aryjar dial. 'a k. of sea bird, морянка' (ДСЯЯ 48) < Mong. an|gir).
face="Times New Roman Star"*anu-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ready, certain 2 to get readyface="Times New Roman Star"1 готовый, уверенный 2 готовитьсяface="Times New Roman Star"anu- (OUygh.) 2, anuq 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"anu- (MK), anut- (caus.) (KB, MK) 2, anuq 1 (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"dial. anyk 1face="Times New Roman Star"anyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"anut- (caus.) (Qutb) 2, anuq (IM, Qutb) 1face="Times New Roman Star"e|niq 2face="Times New Roman Star"eniq

face="Times New Roman Star"anyq 2








face="Times New Roman Star"anyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"anyq 1
face="Times New Roman Star"anyq 1

face="Times New Roman Star"anyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"anyq 1

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 171, 179, 182, ЭСТЯ 1, 151-152.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)an|yr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"stubble-fieldface="Times New Roman Star"жнивье, сжатое поле
face="Times New Roman Star"an|yz (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"an|yz (Sangl.)























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 191-192.
face="Times New Roman Star"*apaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"mother, elder sister, auntface="Times New Roman Star"мать, старшая сестра, тетяface="Times New Roman Star"apa (Yen.)face="Times New Roman Star"epe ? apa (Oghuz=Qarluq Tu"rkmen, MK)face="Times New Roman Star"aba (Ank.), dial. apaface="Times New Roman Star"apaface="Times New Roman Star"apa 'elder sister' (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|paface="Times New Roman Star"apa

face="Times New Roman Star"apa, afa (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"abic?e (< aba-ec?e)face="Times New Roman Star"abune (< aba-ene)



face="Times New Roman Star"avaface="Times New Roman Star"abaface="Times New Roman Star"apaface="Times New Roman Star"apaface="Times New Roman Star"abaface="Times New Roman Star"apaface="Times New Roman Star"aba
face="Times New Roman Star"apaj (Q)face="Times New Roman Star"apa
face="Times New Roman Star"abaj, apajface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 5, ЭСТЯ 1, 158-159, ССЯ 290-291, Лексика 300, 301, TMN 2, 3, Аникин 90. Front row variants (Tur. eve, Kaz. ebej, Yak., Dolg. ebe etc., see ЭСТЯ 1, 220-221, Stachowski 42) are recent and may have a Mong. origin.
face="Times New Roman Star"*iak-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to flowface="Times New Roman Star"течьface="Times New Roman Star"aq- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"aq- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ak-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq- (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"o|q-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"ax-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"ax-
face="Times New Roman Star"aq-
face="Times New Roman Star"jox-

face="Times New Roman Star"aq-
face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"aq-
face="Times New Roman Star"aq-face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 77, VEWT 12, ЭСТЯ 1, 118-120, Егоров 352, Федотов 2, 495.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)a:kaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 elder brother; elder uncle; father; grandfather 2 respectful address 3 elderface="Times New Roman Star"1 старший брат; старший дядя; отец; дедушка 2 почтительное обращение 3 старшийface="Times New Roman Star"aqa 1 (OUygh., from I-t half of XIII century, see ДТС)
face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 1 (Oghuz-nama), ag|a 1 (Abush.), aqa (Pav. C.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"o|g|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 1,2, qyz ag|a 'тесть' (ЯЖУ 11, 13)face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 2face="Times New Roman Star"a:Ga 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1 ('father's father')face="Times New Roman Star"aqqa 'father's father'face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1 ('father'), 3face="Times New Roman Star"aga 'father'face="Times New Roman Star"aqy 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ag|aj 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"aqa 2 (K), ag|a 2, 3 (K, T)face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ag|a 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 13, ЭСТЯ 1, 70-71, 121-122, Лексика 291, Stachowski 28. Note the expressive gemination of the medial -k- in Tuva and elsewhere.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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