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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*e>lge-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to sift; 2 sieveface="Times New Roman Star"ñèòî, ïðîñåèâàòüface="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (MK), ele- 1 (IM), elek 2 (IM)face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ile|- 1, ile|k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 (Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"ela- 1, elak 2face="Times New Roman Star"a"gli- 1, a"lga"k 2
face="Times New Roman Star"a"la"- 1, a"la"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ilge- 1, ilgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ha"jla"- 1, ha"jla"k 2face="Times New Roman Star"alla- 1, alla 2

face="Times New Roman Star"egle- / elge- 1face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, elge- 1, elek, elgek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ile- 1, ilek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"iele- 1, ielek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, o"le- 1, elek, o"lek 2face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"elex 2 (ÑÑß 324)face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 143, VEWT 40, ÝÑÒß 1, 261-263, Åãîðîâ 24. The behaviour of the internal cluster is phonetically normal (not on a morphemic boundary). Turk. *elgek > WMong. elgeg, Kalm. elg@g (KW 119, TMN 2, 118, Ùåðáàê 1997, 114).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Emgek-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to crawlface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëçòèface="Times New Roman Star"o"mgekle- (OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"emekle-
face="Times New Roman Star"emgekle- (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C., Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"ema"kla"-face="Times New Roman Star"in|a"kla"- (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ima"kla"-face="Times New Roman Star"imekle-face="Times New Roman Star"i>mekte-, ni>mekte-face="Times New Roman Star"emekte-face="Times New Roman Star"emekte-, emgekte-





face="Times New Roman Star"emgekte-face="Times New Roman Star"en|bekte-


face="Times New Roman Star"mekle-



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 160, VEWT 42, ÝÑÒß 1, 275. The noun *emgek 'crawling' is preserved in Tur. dial. imek, Chag. emgek 'crawling child' (and, despite Clauson ibid. it certainly has nothing to do with *emgek 'worry, pains', see *emge-). Cf. also forms like Turkm. en|kej- 'bow' and Yak., Dolg. u"n|k- 'to bow' (contractions?); see Stachowski 251.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ana / *en/eface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"motherface="Times New Roman Star"ìàòüface="Times New Roman Star"ana ? ene (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ana ? ene (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"ana (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"eneface="Times New Roman Star"ina"
face="Times New Roman Star"ene
face="Times New Roman Star"an/neface="Times New Roman Star"ijeface="Times New Roman Star"in/eface="Times New Roman Star"ije
face="Times New Roman Star"eneface="Times New Roman Star"ene, ana
face="Times New Roman Star"ina"face="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"ene, anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"anaface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 169-170, VEWT 19, 44, TMN 2, 130, ÝÑÒß 1, 278-281, Åãîðîâ 28, Ëåêñèêà 298-299, 300-301, Stachowski 127.
face="Times New Roman Star"*in-gek (/*yn-gak), *in-kenface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cow 2 female camelface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîðîâà 2 âåðáëþäèöàface="Times New Roman Star"ingek (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, ingen 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ingek 1, ingen 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1face="Times New Roman Star"i>na"k 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 (AH), inen 2 (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k, ina"j 1 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k 1, (dial.) ingan, in|gan 2face="Times New Roman Star"inek, enek 1face="Times New Roman Star"ina"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1 (ÝÑÒß), inen 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>nek 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek, na"k 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek, ijnek 1
face="Times New Roman Star"@ne 1face="Times New Roman Star"ynax 1
face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, en|gin 2
face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, in|gen 2face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1, i>n|gen 2

face="Times New Roman Star"inek, ijnek 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1face="Times New Roman Star"in|gen 2
face="Times New Roman Star"inek 1face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 184, VEWT 172, ÝÑÒß 1, 358-361, Åãîðîâ 64, Ëåêñèêà 436, 447-448). Turk. > Mong. in|gen 'female camel'; Hung. u"no? 'heifer' (Gombocz 1912).
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:nc?u"face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 fief, land and vassals presented by the ruler 2 gift, dowryface="Times New Roman Star"1 âëàäåíèå, çåìëÿ è ÷åëÿäü, ïîæàëîâàííûå íà÷àëüíèêîì 2 ïîäàðîê, ïðèäàíîåface="Times New Roman Star"inc?u" (/anc?u) 1 (OUygh.)

face="Times New Roman Star"inc?e 2face="Times New Roman Star"enc?u" 1 (Abush. 82)face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|u 1face="Times New Roman Star"a"nc?i 1 (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"i:nz?|i 2face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"enn/ie 2


face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"inse 2face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i `own'

face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2
face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i-li 'own'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 44, EDT 173, ÝÑÒß 1, 361-362, Ëåêñèêà 347-348, Äûáî 1997. Turk. > MMong. enc?u", WMong. inz?|e, Kalm. inz?|@ (KW 208, 296). Mong. inz?|e 'dowry' may be in fact a word of different (Chinese) origin, see Haenisch 82, TMN 2, 224, EDT ibid., and modern Turkic forms may reflect a confusion of the original form and the later mongolism.
face="Times New Roman Star"*en|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be perplexed 2 stupid 3 bashful, gauche 4 to torture, pesterface="Times New Roman Star"1 áûòü â íåäîóìåíèè 2 ãëóïûé 3 çàñòåí÷èâûé, ðîáêèé 4 èçìó÷èòü, ïðèâåñòè â ñîñòîÿíèå ðàñòåðÿííîñòè
face="Times New Roman Star"en|- 1; (caus.) en|it-, en|tu"r- (MK); endik 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) endik 3
face="Times New Roman Star"(Xwar.) entik 2 (Qutb)face="Times New Roman Star"enka-tenkasini c?iqar- 4



face="Times New Roman Star"in|de-t- 'to flounder (of thoughts)'


face="Times New Roman Star"ankú-mink@ 'stupidity, madness' (but may be < Tat., see *an|-)face="Times New Roman Star"? en|ej- 'to look greedily on food, wait for a sop'


face="Times New Roman Star"eno": 'ðîòîçåé', ente- 'to become confused', en|ke 'stupid person'








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 168, 179, 181, ÝÑÒß 1, 155, 156-157 (sub *an|- 'perplexed, silly').
face="Times New Roman Star"*(j)igneface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"needleface="Times New Roman Star"èãëàface="Times New Roman Star"jin|ne (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jigne (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"ina"face="Times New Roman Star"igne (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"igna"face="Times New Roman Star"igna", jin|na", jigna"face="Times New Roman Star"jin|neface="Times New Roman Star"ijna"face="Times New Roman Star"igne, in|neface="Times New Roman Star"in|eface="Times New Roman Star"inga"face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"i:na" ( < Az.)
face="Times New Roman Star"inne, in/eface="Times New Roman Star"in|ne, in/e, inneface="Times New Roman Star"ine
face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"i>jnaface="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"i>na"face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"i:na"face="Times New Roman Star"ijneface="Times New Roman Star"ijne
face="Times New Roman Star"ineface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 110, VEWT 169, ÝÑÒß 1, 367-369, Ëåêñèêà 106.
face="Times New Roman Star"*eginface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shoulderface="Times New Roman Star"ïëå÷îface="Times New Roman Star"egin (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"egin (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eg|in, ejin 'back'
face="Times New Roman Star"egin (Abush., Pav. C.), in (Pav. C.) 'back'face="Times New Roman Star"egin
face="Times New Roman Star"igenface="Times New Roman Star"a"jin 'body'face="Times New Roman Star"egin (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"in|ni>face="Times New Roman Star"a"n|in, eginiface="Times New Roman Star"ijin
face="Times New Roman Star"avún, anface="Times New Roman Star"ien
face="Times New Roman Star"eg|in
face="Times New Roman Star"ijinface="Times New Roman Star"i>ji>nface="Times New Roman Star"ijin


face="Times New Roman Star"i:n, inface="Times New Roman Star"ijin

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 109, VEWT 37, ÝÑÒß 1, 225-227, Åãîðîâ 26, Ëåêñèêà 239, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 42-43.
face="Times New Roman Star"*et-mekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"breadface="Times New Roman Star"õëåáface="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"etmek (MK), epmek (MK - Oghuz, Qypch.)face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, ekmekface="Times New Roman Star"ikma"kface="Times New Roman Star"etmek, o"tmek (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"a"ppa"kface="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) ekmek, epmekface="Times New Roman Star"ipekface="Times New Roman Star"itpa"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"tpo"k







face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpekface="Times New Roman Star"ikma"kface="Times New Roman Star"o"tmekface="Times New Roman Star"iekmekface="Times New Roman Star"ekmek, etmek, o"tmek

face="Times New Roman Star"ekmekface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 12, 60, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 254-256. The oldest form is clearly *et-mek with various subsequent assimilations.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Erenface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"man, mankindface="Times New Roman Star"÷åëîâåê, ÷åëîâå÷åñêèé ðîäface="Times New Roman Star"eren (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"eren (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"ire|n (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"eren (Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ejen (Lob.)face="Times New Roman Star"eren

face="Times New Roman Star"iren







face="Times New Roman Star"erenface="Times New Roman Star"eren



face="Times New Roman Star"eren


face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 290-291.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e.ri-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to meltface="Times New Roman Star"òàÿòü
face="Times New Roman Star"eru"- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"eri-
face="Times New Roman Star"eri- (Abushk.)face="Times New Roman Star"eri-face="Times New Roman Star"iri-
face="Times New Roman Star"a"ri-face="Times New Roman Star"ere-face="Times New Roman Star"ir@-
face="Times New Roman Star"eri-
face="Times New Roman Star"ir@l-face="Times New Roman Star"ir-face="Times New Roman Star"ir-face="Times New Roman Star"eri-
face="Times New Roman Star"eri-face="Times New Roman Star"eri-
face="Times New Roman Star"ire-face="Times New Roman Star"eri-face="Times New Roman Star"jeri-face="Times New Roman Star"iri-face="Times New Roman Star"eri-face="Times New Roman Star"iri-face="Times New Roman Star"iri-face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 289-290, Stachowski 128, EDT 198.
face="Times New Roman Star"*i:r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"shame, be ashamed, frighten awayface="Times New Roman Star"ñòûä, ñòûäèòüñÿ, îòïóãèâàòü
face="Times New Roman Star"ir-, iril- (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"i:r-face="Times New Roman Star"ir@k- 'to languish, be bored'


face="Times New Roman Star"j@r@n-face="Times New Roman Star"i:r- 'to rave, become crazy'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 192, VEWT 173, (incorrect in) Åãîðîâ 80.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ern|ekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"finger, thumbface="Times New Roman Star"ïàëåö, áîëüøîé ïàëåöface="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ern|ek, dial. ernek (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ernek (Pav. C.)




face="Times New Roman Star"irgek
face="Times New Roman Star"ergek

face="Times New Roman Star"erbexface="Times New Roman Star"erbek 'peg'face="Times New Roman Star"ergek










face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 234, ÝÑÒß 1, 299, Ëåêñèêà 253-255, Stachowski 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*iri-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to rot 2 pus 3 to turn sour, coagulateface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãíèòü 2 ãíîé 3 ïðîêèñàòü, ñòâîðàæèâàòüñÿface="Times New Roman Star"jiru"- 1 (OUygh.), irin| 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, irin| 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 3, i>ri>n 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin| 2face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, jirin| 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|irin| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin| 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 1, 3, i>ri>n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 3, irin| 2

face="Times New Roman Star"iren|e 2face="Times New Roman Star"iren|e 2face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, irin| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, 3, irin| 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 1, 3, i>ri>n 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>ri>- 3, i>ri>n 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"jirin 2face="Times New Roman Star"irin 2face="Times New Roman Star"iri- 1, 3, irin| 2

face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 198, 233, ÝÑÒß 1, 372-374, Stachowski 128.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Erinface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lipface="Times New Roman Star"ãóáàface="Times New Roman Star"erin (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"erin (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"erin (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"iri>nface="Times New Roman Star"iren (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"irin


face="Times New Roman Star"erinface="Times New Roman Star"iri>n
face="Times New Roman Star"erinface="Times New Roman Star"a"`rin


face="Times New Roman Star"erinface="Times New Roman Star"erin 'chin'face="Times New Roman Star"erinface="Times New Roman Star"eri>nface="Times New Roman Star"erinface="Times New Roman Star"iri>nface="Times New Roman Star"erin
face="Times New Roman Star"erinface="Times New Roman Star"erin
face="Times New Roman Star"erinface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 232-233, VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 292-293, Ëåêñèêà 226-227. See also notes to *Erneg 'edge'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*er-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 coquetry 2 cockering, endearment 3 cockered, beloved 4 entertainment , jokeface="Times New Roman Star"1 êîêåòñòâî 2 áàëîâñòâî, ëàñêà 3 èçáàëîâàííûé, ëþáèìûé 4 çàáàâà, øóòêà

face="Times New Roman Star"erke (dial.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, (dial.) irma"k 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 1, 2, 3 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"erka" 1, 3, ermak 4face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" 3, erma"k 4
face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" (dial.) 2, 3face="Times New Roman Star"ermek 4 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, erbek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek, erbek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"j@rg@n `wriggler, trickster' (Ashm.)face="Times New Roman Star"erke 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erg|e 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, irma"k 4face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3

face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4
face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 296-297, 300-301, TMN 2, 181-182. The root is widely spread, although unattested in older sources; its relationship to *eril/- 'contest' (suggested in ÝÑÒß 297) is dubious.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ergeface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 part of the yurt close to the door 2 threshhold 3 stairsface="Times New Roman Star"1 ÷àñòü þðòû ðÿäîì ñ äâåðüþ 2 ïîðîã 3 ëåñòíèöà



face="Times New Roman Star"irgene 'smth. belonging to the tent' (Sangl.)




face="Times New Roman Star"irk@n 2
face="Times New Roman Star"irge 2
face="Times New Roman Star"argú `lap'face="Times New Roman Star"ergene, ergine 3


face="Times New Roman Star"ergilc?ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"erge, irge 1







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 47, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 56-57.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to reach 2 to passface="Times New Roman Star"1 äîñòèãàòü 2 ïðîõîäèòü ìèìîface="Times New Roman Star"er- (OUygh.) 1, er-t- (OUygh.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"er-, dial. e:r-, ir- 1face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"er- (Pav. C., AH) 1, ert- (CCum.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"eris?- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2face="Times New Roman Star"ert- 2face="Times New Roman Star"dial. eris?- 1, ert- 2face="Times New Roman Star"e:^.r- 1face="Times New Roman Star"irt- 2face="Times New Roman Star"irde:- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"ires?- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"er- 1face="Times New Roman Star"eris- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 1, 288-289, 303, Ôåäîòîâ 1,172-173. Ra"sa"nen (VEWT 46) connects also PT *eril/- 'to contest, challenge' (ÝÑÒß 1, 293-294) - which, together with Mong. *eri- 'to seek, search' (HY ere- `to hope'), should be rather kept apart (possibly a separate PA root *erV). Turk. > Hung. e/r- 'to reach', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 early 2 early in the morning 3 tomorrow 4 (morning sun) > sunny mountain slopeface="Times New Roman Star"1 ðàíî 2 ðàíî óòðîì 3 çàâòðà 4 (óòðåííåå ñîëíöå) > ñîëíå÷íûé ñêëîí ãîðûface="Times New Roman Star"[ir ? er 4, er-kenin,] erte 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"er, erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"er 1 (Áóä.), erte 2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"erta 2face="Times New Roman Star"a"(r)ta" 'morning'face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"i:r 1, erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irte 'morning'
face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"ir 3face="Times New Roman Star"erde 1face="Times New Roman Star"erc?in 1face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"irta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"ertte 2face="Times New Roman Star"ierte 'next day'face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2face="Times New Roman Star"erte 2
face="Times New Roman Star"erta" 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 202-203, VEWT 46, ÝÑÒß 1, 302-306, 369-370, Åãîðîâ 70, Ëåêñèêà 79, Stachowski 47.
face="Times New Roman Star"*i:r/ / *y:r/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 trace 2 furrowface="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëåä 2 áîðîçäà, ìåæàface="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1, yzan 2face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1 (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1face="Times New Roman Star"is 1face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1face="Times New Roman Star"y:z 1face="Times New Roman Star"i>s 1
face="Times New Roman Star"is 1
face="Times New Roman Star"j@r 1, júran 2

face="Times New Roman Star"is 1
face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1face="Times New Roman Star"i>z 1face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1, yzan 2face="Times New Roman Star"i>d| 1, yd|an 2face="Times New Roman Star"yz 1face="Times New Roman Star"jiz 1face="Times New Roman Star"iz, yz 1face="Times New Roman Star"iz 1
face="Times New Roman Star"hyzan 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 277, ÝÑÒß 1, 383-385, 646, 647, VEWT 175, Åãîðîâ 79, 75. There exists a verbal derivative *i:r/-te- 'to follow one's tracks', attested as iste- as early as in OUygh. (see EDT 243) and in many modern languages (see ÝÑÒß 1, 383); but simultaneously there is a variant *i:r-te- (with *-r/- > -r- according to Helimski's rule), attested already in MK (see EDT 208) and in Yak., Dolg. irde:-, see Stachowski 128.
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