face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-la- 'to speak with disgust' (R, Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?`imig 'badly'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?am (dial., R) 4, c?am-da-l- (dial., R) 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ammal-tur- 'to look nervous, angry'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?am-da-n- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?am 'that which causes offence', s?am-da-n- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"c?am 'joke, mockery', c?am-la-n- 6
face="Times New Roman Star"s?am-la-n- 5, s?am-s?yl 'resentful, sensitive'
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 421-422, 423, VEWT 98, D-T 97. At least part of the forms may ultimately have a Chinese source (MC z|.a".m 'slander'). Cf. also c?aman 'lazy horse, dog'; Tur. c?amura jat- 'to decline from paying a debt' (slang; lit. 'to lie down in dirt' - perhaps a reanalysis based on the analogy with c?amur 'dirt', cf. also c?amur (metaph.) 'low, humble').
face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|a, c?en|e (Pav. C., AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"na"
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"na"
face="Times New Roman Star"sen|ie
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ena"
face="Times New Roman Star"cen|ge
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ene
face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 220. Despite Буд. 1, 483-484, D-T 98 the Pers. c?a:nah 'lower jaw' cannot be the source of Turkic forms; it does not have any Iranian etymology and is itself most likely a Turkism.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to beat, hit 2 to attack, rob 3 chisel 4 hack, hoe, hatchet 5 to chop 6 to scythe, mow 7 to dig 8 to break 9 sharp 10 scythe 11 to whet, sharpen (a scythe) 12 metal shavings after forging 13 trap 14 whetstone for sharpening scythes 15 to whip 16 to hack, adze 17 shavings 18 booty 19 currycomb
face="Times New Roman Star"1 бить, ударять 2 нападать, грабить 3 резец 4 мотыга, тяпка, сечка 5 рубить 6 косить 7 копать (кетменем) 8 разламывать 9 острый 10 коса 11 точить (косу) 12 обсечки металла при ковке 13 капкан 14 брусок для точки кос 15 хлестать 16 тесать 17 стружка 18 добыча, трофей 19 скребница
face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of cloak 2 lap, skirt 3 used clothing 4 bedding under the saddle 5 woman's gown 6 gown 7 gusset (in clothes)
face="Times New Roman Star"1 род плаща 2 подол, фалда 3 старая, потертая одежда 4 подстилка под седло, чепрак 5 женский халат 6 халат 7 клин (в одежде)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?apg|ut 'a padded garment' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aput 3, c?aprak 4
face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1, c?apraq 4, c?abu 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1 (R; Pav. C. jamag|lyg| c?apan 'mended cloak'), c?abuq 2 (Pav. C.), (OKypch.) c?apg|ut 3 (AH)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o|po|n 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?apan 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyt 5, c?apan 6, c?apy 'ornamental trimming for clothes' lap'
face="Times New Roman Star"sabyg| 7
face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyr 6
face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu 7
face="Times New Roman Star"c?abug| 'trimmed section on a woman's tunic'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?avyg| 7
face="Times New Roman Star"s?abyg| 7
face="Times New Roman Star"c?abu: 7; c?apan 6, c?apan-c?apqyt 'upper clothes', c?opqut 'quilted coat under armour; expensive costume'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?abu 2, s?apan 6
face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 'gusset-like front part of gown's laps'
face="Times New Roman Star"sapan 6, sabyw 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?apraq 4
face="Times New Roman Star"s?abuw 7, s?apan 6, s?obyt 'used things', s?opqyt 'rags'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?abyw 7, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99, EDT 396, TMN 3, 47, Аникин 643. Several derivations are clearly distinguishable: a) *c?ap-gut 'upper clothes, garment' (with later development > 'used clothes'); b) *c?ap-rak 'bedding under the saddle'; c) *c?ap-an 'cloak, gown'; d) *c?ap-gu 'lap, gusset' - all clearly related to each other.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|-/c?aq- 'to produce sparks, shoot from a flint gun'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?aq- 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aq- 'to pull the trigger', c?aqma 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 95, TMN 3, 80-81, Лексика 373. Kypch. > Chuv. c?akma 'fire steel', whence > Mari, Udm. (Федотов 2, 387). The verb is usually regarded as one of the meanings of *c?ak- 'hit, strike', but the semantics 'strike fire' is attested quite early and allows to use the Turkic material in the Altaic comparison.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ir-qano|t 'a white-eyed dunbird, нырок белоглазый'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eqir (of eyes)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'dried in the sun, bleached'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr 'yellow'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekir 'grey (of eyes), wall-eye'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'grey (of eyes, horses)', s?egir 'grey (of eyes)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'colourless (of eyes)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ag|yr 'whitish'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|yr 'variegated'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?aqyr
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egir (of eyes)
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 96, TMN 2, 77, EDT 409, Федотов 2 387. Despite Fedotov c?okur 'variegated' is not related, it is < Mong. c?obkur (v. sub *s?op`e/). Despite Ra"sa"nen borrowed from Mong. can be only Yak. c?akyr 'white (of a horse)' (cf. also Dolg. c?akyr, see Stachowski 72), and perhaps the front-row forms (Kirgh. c?ekir, Kaz. s?egir, KKalp. s?egir - because of their restriction to the Kypch. area); but Mong.. c?akir / c?ekir 'whitish' is itself an obvious Turkism (see TMN ibid., Clark 1977, 134 with doubts). The root should be distinguished from nasalized forms: Oyr. c?an|qyr, Chuv. senker, Yak. c?en|gir, z?|en|gir, Kirgh. c?enkil, c?an|yl with the same set of meanings ('whitish, blue', often of eyes) = Mong. (Khalkha) cenxer id.; those should be compared with Tokh. A, B tsem. 'blue (of eyes)', Pers. zanga:r 'verdigris', whence Tat. za"n|ga"r (from Pers. zang 'rust', further derived with *za:'to leave, remain', Sak. ysa:ya" 'rust', Osset. zga", see Bailey 348-349). This is most probably an Iranian loanword in Turkic, Tokh. and Mong. (although a Chinese origin - cf. MC chien| 'blue' - is also possible). Cf. VEWT 104 (Turk. < Mong.), 531.
face="Times New Roman Star"sardag|a, sarda:na 'short heavy arrow with a broad head' (Пек.)
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"sar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:r- 'to cut, stick in' (ССЯ: Udzh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 1, 'spool'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 99-100, Егоров 221, Федотов 2, 143 (borrowing < FU *s/orva 'horn' is hardly credible). Bulg. > Hung. sarlo/ 'sickle', see Gombocz 1912, MNyTESz 3, 494-495. The root is certainly genuine, although some influence of the Iranian c?aryk, c?arx 'wheel' could have existed.
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 400-401, Лексика 120. Turk. > Mong. c?ec?eg, see TMN 3, 57, Щербак 1997, 112. Kypch. > Chuv. c?ec?c?e, c?ec?ek (see Егоров 322, Федотов 2, 408-409); some Turkic forms (Tuva c?ec?ek, perhaps also Oyr. c?ec?ek and some of the Kypchak forms) may be borrowed back < Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"rge (MK Oghuz; Tefs.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirge
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikertke|
face="Times New Roman Star"c?egu"rtke, c?ewu"rtke (Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?igirtka
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eka"tka"
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirtge
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekirtge
face="Times New Roman Star"sag|yrtxy
face="Times New Roman Star"saxsyrg|a 'fly'
face="Times New Roman Star"haksyrga 'fly'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ergi
face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirtke
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egirtke
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egertki
face="Times New Roman Star"sin|ertka"
face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirtke
face="Times New Roman Star"s?egirtke
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 416-417, Лексика 187, Stachowski 94. Forms like Tat. dial. sikertke are a result of contamination with *se:k- 'jump' (v. sub *sa:/ki).
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ege-dek, c?ege-l-dek 8
face="Times New Roman Star"s?ege-r 7
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eget 'forest, wood' (Karach.), 'North' (Balk.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekerdek 3
face="Times New Roman Star"c?egirdek, c?ekirdek 3, c?eger 'blackthorn'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 867-868. Morphologically -t - is a collective suffix, -dak/-dyk - a denominative suffix. The word is attested in MK, but in an aberrant (dialectal) shape with s?-, and the meaning 'nut' is probably secondary, the original meaning of the root being 'coniferous tree, branch'. Several other plant names may be related, cf.: Chag. c?eke| 'berries found in the Fergana mountains'; Uzb. c?akanda 'облепиха крушиновидная', Uygh. c?a"ka"nda" 'a bush with red fruits' (R 3, 1947 Taranchi, mod. c?akanda 'a k. of thorny bush'), Az. c?a"kil 'mulberry'; Kirgh. South. c?ekende 'хвойник; кузьмичева трава; эфедра двуколосковая' (its pseudoberries are edible; despite Yudakhin, not < Iranian - the word is not attested in Persian). Turk. > Pers. c?a"ka"lda"k 'blackberry' (Гаффаров).
face="Times New Roman Star"различные виды сорных трав
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ikin / c?ekin 'a plant growing among the vines and eaten by cattle' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?e|ke|n 'corn cob' (< Chuv.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekin 'greens, grass; a weed on rice fields, with black seeds and sharp awns' (Pav. C., Sangl.), c?ekil-dam 'tulip bulb; a root similar to wild garlic' (Pav. C., for dam cf. Uzb. dam 'pungency, bitterness' < Pers.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?akalak 'bush thicket' (or perhaps to PT *c?eke-t?)
face="Times New Roman Star"s@gen 'dry grass'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?akan 'reedmace'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eken 'рогоз широколистый'
face="Times New Roman Star"se|ke|n 'corn cob' ( < Chuv.?)
face="Times New Roman Star"s?igin 'weed growing on rice fields, куриное просо', s?igildik 'reed'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 111, EDT 415, Рас. ФиЛ 277, Егоров 316. Chuv. c?akan, despite Дмитриева 1997, 52-53 and Ro/na-Tas, is not connected with *jeken 'reed' (v. sub *de/k`a\). Cf. other grass names: Chuv. c?iken kurъk@ 'geranium' (according to Ашм., grass helping from colics - Дмитриева 1997, 56); s/ikka kurъk@ 'camomile' (according to Ашм. it hosts a plantlouse, to summon which the children say "s/ikka!" - Дмитриева 1988, 51); Uygh. c?iga" 'plant fibre, wild hemp (VEWT), Yak. sige 'тальниковые стружки, лыко'. Tuva sigen 'hay' (Tuva), (Tof. 'grass') has an irregular s-, so perhaps should be regarded as borrowed from Khak.
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"k (MK: Oghuz), c?eku"c? (IM)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"kec?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?eku"c?, c?o"ku"c? (Abush., Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o.kic? 'hack'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?a"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"s?o"kis?
face="Times New Roman Star"su"kes?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"gu"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ekic?
face="Times New Roman Star"cokuc, cekic, c?o"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"ku"c?
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 415. (< Iran., see TMN 3, 85-86?). Despite EDT, hardly derived from c?ek- 'to pull'. The controversy concerning the Iranian origin of the Turkic word vs. the Turkic origin of the Modern Persian one (see Doerfer, Clauson), should be probably resolved as follows: Old Persian ( = Av. cakus?- 'axe / hammer for throwing') > Pers. c?akus? 'hammer'; but Pers. c?ekoc?, c?ekoz?| are phonetically aberrant (see Horn 99) and should be regarded as Turkisms; Pers. c?ekus? is a mixed form. The source of Pers. c?ekoc? is Turk. c?eku"c? - a diminutive in -c? for the form c?eku"k. Turkic forms in -s? (Khal. c?a"kkus?, Kirgh. c?o"ku"s?, KKalp. s?o"kkis?, possibly also Nogh. s?o"kis?, Bashk. su"kes?) may be iranisms. Turk. > Mong. c?eku"c? (see Щербак 1997, 112).
face="Times New Roman Star"s?el 2, 'fat under skin', s?elpek 5
face="Times New Roman Star"s?el-te- 'to husk grain'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?elpek 5
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 103, EDT 418-419, Лексика 392. Ogh. c?el-tik > Pers. c?altuk, s?altu:k (despite VEWT 104). Turk. c?elpek > Pers. c?alpak (TMN 3, 1111). The meaning 'eye pus, mucus' in *c?el-pek developed under the influence of the similar *c?apak (see under *c?ap- 'plaster'), but the two roots should be clearly distinguished (despite EDT 418).
face="Times New Roman Star"s/avar-/s/ar- 1, s/avra 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sebirij- 'to uncoil (of a twisted rope)'
face="Times New Roman Star"s?u"jir- 'to twiddle a whirligig'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to tuck', c?u"jre 'contrariwise'
face="Times New Roman Star"c?evir- 1, c?evra" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"сivir-, c?evir- 1, civre 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?u"ju"r- 'to wrap'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 102, EDT 398, Егоров 201-201, Федотов 2, 80. Despite VEWT, there are no reasons to regard the Chuv. word as a borrowing.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 breast (fem.) 2 female sheep 3 sheep tail 4 roasted sheep tail 5 roasted fat
face="Times New Roman Star"1 грудь (женская) 2 овцематка 3 курдюк 4 жареный курдюк 5 жареный жир
face="Times New Roman Star"c?yz?yq (R, Буд. - Kas.), c?yz|yq (R - Tob.) 5
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ic?ig| 2, 3 (R - Vam.), c?yc?yg|, c?yc?yq 4 (R - Zenker)
face="Times New Roman Star"c?@z?|@ 1
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 110. An onomatopaeic root, attested late - but possibly archaic because of the external evidence. The assumed semantic development in Chag. and Tat. is 'udder' > 'roasted udder' > 'fat roasted piece of meat'.