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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*d(i)akyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 additionally, and others, plus 2 again, once moreface="Times New Roman Star"1 êðîìå òîãî, ê òîìó æå, è äðóãèå, áîëüøå, âäîáàâîê 2 îïÿòü, åùå ðàçface="Times New Roman Star"taqy 1, 2 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"taqy 1 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"daha 1, bir daha 2 (taky as a clitic)face="Times New Roman Star"tag|yn 2, 'in order to'face="Times New Roman Star"daxy, taqy 1 (Abush., Sangl.), dag|y (MA) 1face="Times New Roman Star"tag|in 2face="Times New Roman Star"texi 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ta'qi, dag|i 2face="Times New Roman Star"da"xi 'too'face="Times New Roman Star"daGy 1face="Times New Roman Star"ta:, da: 1
face="Times New Roman Star"daa 'although' (ÃÀß)face="Times New Roman Star"taqy 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"dag|any 1
face="Times New Roman Star"da: 1, da:n 'wholly, always', ta:n 'very, excessively'
face="Times New Roman Star"daa, dag|y, tag|y 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tag|y 2face="Times New Roman Star"tag|y 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"tag|y 2face="Times New Roman Star"dag|y-da 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ta: 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"daa (K) 1, 2, dag|y (H, T) 1, 2, dag|yn (H,K) 2, daxy (K) 1, daxa (K) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"dag|y 'although', tag|y 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"ta:g|y, taxi 1, 2 (ÑÑß)face="Times New Roman Star"dag|y 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 457, EDT 466, ÝÑÒß 3, 122-123. Phonology is somewhat uncertain because the stem is functioning as a clitic.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.pytakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"without saddleface="Times New Roman Star"áåç ñåäëà
face="Times New Roman Star"jabytaq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"japyldaq (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"jawdaqface="Times New Roman Star"jabytaq
face="Times New Roman Star"japbyllaqface="Times New Roman Star"c?abdaxface="Times New Roman Star"c?abydaqface="Times New Roman Star"d/abydaq

face="Times New Roman Star"sybydax
face="Times New Roman Star"c?awydaq





face="Times New Roman Star"jalburdaq



face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 873, ÝÑÒß 4, 49-50.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAt-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"winter ryeface="Times New Roman Star"îçèìàÿ ðîæü









face="Times New Roman Star"c?adyg| 'bush' (Sag.)face="Times New Roman Star"jadyg|an (Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"d/adag|an



face="Times New Roman Star"c?adag| 'low plant'










face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 177.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAn/ka-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to shake, bring into motionface="Times New Roman Star"êà÷àòü(ñÿ), ïðèâîäèòü â äâèæåíèåface="Times New Roman Star"jajqa-n- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jajqa-l- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jajka-
face="Times New Roman Star"jajqa-l- (Sangl., Pav. C.)
face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) jajqa-

face="Times New Roman Star"jajqa-face="Times New Roman Star"c?ajxa-, dial. najxal-
face="Times New Roman Star"d/ajqa-, dial. d/ajg|a-



face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'jg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"c?a'jha- (Ðàñ. ÔèË 77)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ajqa-face="Times New Roman Star"z?ajqal-face="Times New Roman Star"jajqa-l-


face="Times New Roman Star"jajqa-


face="Times New Roman Star"ÎÑÍß 3, 58-59, ÝÑÒß 4, 77-78, EDT 981. PT *jan/ka- is usually treated as derived from *ja:j- 'to shake, rinse' (see e.g. ÝÑÒß 4, 75-76, EDT ibid.), but the latter does not seem to show any traces of nasal and may be separately compared with Mong. z?|aji-lu- 'to rinse', z?|aji-mu- 'to shake, stir', see KW 471.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAl-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to be afraid 2 to suspect, slander 3 slanderface="Times New Roman Star"1 áîÿòüñÿ 2 ïîäîçðåâàòü, êëåâåòàòü 3 êëåâåòàface="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jala- 2, jala 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jyl- 1, Osm. jal-face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3 (MKypch. - CCum.)






face="Times New Roman Star"d'ala 'fine, charge'

face="Times New Roman Star"jula 3


face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ala 3, z?|ala- 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jala 3


face="Times New Roman Star"z?ala 3

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 200, EDT 918-919, ÝÑÒß 4, 87, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 483.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jalan|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"field, steppeface="Times New Roman Star"ïîëå, ñòåïü


face="Times New Roman Star"jalan, dial. jalan|
face="Times New Roman Star"jalan|



face="Times New Roman Star"jalan|face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan|face="Times New Roman Star"d/alan|face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan|




face="Times New Roman Star"z?|alan| (dial.)

face="Times New Roman Star"jalan





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, ÝÑÒß 4, 91. Turk. > Russ. jela/n/ , see Àíèêèí 197.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.lyn|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 naked 2 single, lonelyface="Times New Roman Star"1 ãîëûé 2 îäèíîêèé, åäèíñòâåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"jalyn| 1, jaln|us 2 (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn| 1, jaln|us 2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 1, jalnyz, dial. jalan|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan 1 (dial.), jalg|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn| 1 (Pav. C.), jalan, jalynz?|aq 1 (Ettuhf.), jalyn|yz, jalyqyz 2 (Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jal/a"n| 1, jo|llg|iz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan| 1, jalg|uz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn|, jan| 1, jan|g|ys 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 1, jalnyz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan| 1, jalan|ac? 1, jaln|y:z 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan| 1, c?alg|ys 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?alan| 1, c?ag|ys, nag|ys, nan|ys 2face="Times New Roman Star"d/alan| 1, jan|ys, d/an|ys 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalg|uz 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sy:n/ax, sygynn/ax 1face="Times New Roman Star"hygynn/ak 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|g|ys 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|alan| 1, z?|alg|yz, z?|an|g|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alan| 1, z?alg|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalan| 1, jalg|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yd| 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alan, zalan 1, z?ang|yz, zang|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn 1, jalnyz 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalyn, jalan 1, jalg|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alan| 1, z?alg|yz 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jalan 1, jan|g|yz, jan|yz 2face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 182, EDT 929, 930, ÝÑÒß 4, 97-98, 104-106. Turk. > Kalm. jaln| (KW 214). Cf. also *jalky 'single' (ÝÑÒß 4, 95), Stachowski 106, 118. Yak. sygynn/ax < *jaln|yn-c?ak; sog|otox < *jaln|or/ak.
face="Times New Roman Star"*japur-gakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"leafface="Times New Roman Star"ëèñòface="Times New Roman Star"japyrg|aq (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"japurg|aq (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"japrakface="Times New Roman Star"jafraqface="Times New Roman Star"japyrg|an (Abush.), j[a]praq (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"japro|qface="Times New Roman Star"jopurmaq
face="Times New Roman Star"jarpaGface="Times New Roman Star"japraq

face="Times New Roman Star"d/albyraq

face="Times New Roman Star"sebirdexface="Times New Roman Star"hebirdekface="Times New Roman Star"c?o"vu"ree 'bark'face="Times New Roman Star"c?o"'pra"a" 'bark'face="Times New Roman Star"z?|albyraqface="Times New Roman Star"z?apyraqface="Times New Roman Star"japyraqface="Times New Roman Star"japraqface="Times New Roman Star"c?apraqface="Times New Roman Star"japraqface="Times New Roman Star"japraxface="Times New Roman Star"z?apyraqface="Times New Roman Star"ja"rfyx|face="Times New Roman Star"japraqface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 188, EDT 879-80, ÝÑÒß 4, 130-132, Ëåêñèêà 111-112, Stachowski 100. Clauson derives *japur-gak from *japur- 'to smoothe, level', which is an obvious contamination - just as the contamination with *jalpy- 'flat' (v. sub *de>\lp`a\) in some languages.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAlky-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to glitter 2 flame, rayface="Times New Roman Star"1 áëåñòåòü, ñèÿòü 2 ïëàìÿ, áëåñê, ëó÷

face="Times New Roman Star"jalkyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalqy- 1 (dial.), jalqyn 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalqun 2 (R)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|lqin 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalqun 2

face="Times New Roman Star"jalqym 2

face="Times New Roman Star"d/alqyn 2






face="Times New Roman Star"z?alqyn 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jalqyn 2





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 181, ÝÑÒß 4, 106-107, Ëåêñèêà 357. Usually united with *jal- (v. sub *z?|i_ale), but seems to have a distinct Altaic origin.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jan|y / *jen|iface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"newface="Times New Roman Star"íîâûéface="Times New Roman Star"jan|y (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jan|y (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jeniface="Times New Roman Star"jan|aface="Times New Roman Star"jan|y (MA, Abush.)face="Times New Roman Star"jangu.face="Times New Roman Star"jen|iface="Times New Roman Star"jan|yface="Times New Roman Star"jeniface="Times New Roman Star"jan|y 'just, recently'face="Times New Roman Star"na:face="Times New Roman Star"na (Âåðá.)face="Times New Roman Star"d/an|yface="Times New Roman Star"ja"n|giface="Times New Roman Star"s/@n@face="Times New Roman Star"san|aface="Times New Roman Star"han|a; hin|il 'young'face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:face="Times New Roman Star"n/a:face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|yface="Times New Roman Star"z?an|aface="Times New Roman Star"jan|yface="Times New Roman Star"jan|yface="Times New Roman Star"z?ang|yface="Times New Roman Star"jeniface="Times New Roman Star"jyn|gyface="Times New Roman Star"z?an|aface="Times New Roman Star"jan|yface="Times New Roman Star"jan|yface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 185 (Ra"sa"nen is deriving this word from *ja:n 'side' which is quite improbable), EDT 943-4, ÝÑÒß 4, 124-125, Ëåêñèêà 85, Stachowski 96, 104. Turk. > MMo, WMong. z?|an|gi, Kalm. za"n|g/@ 'news' (KW 470; doubts about this borrowing in TMN 1, 281, based on the early attestation of the meaning "discussion" in Mong., are hardly founded).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jan|yr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"lonely, singleface="Times New Roman Star"îäèíîêèé, åäèíñòâåííûéface="Times New Roman Star"jan|us (Yen.)





face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|ys
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yz (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|ys, nag|ys
face="Times New Roman Star"d'an|ys

face="Times New Roman Star"sog|otox
face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|ys; jan|g|ys (Todzh.)face="Times New Roman Star"n/u:?sface="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|g|yz

face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yzface="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|g|yz




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, ÄÒÑ 235, ÝÑÒß 4, 98. Usually regarded as a contraction < jalan|g|uz, which is probably wrong in the face of external evidence.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jan|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 echo 2 sound, resound 3 to sound, pronounceface="Times New Roman Star"1 ýõî 2 ïîäðàæàíèå çâóêàì, çâó÷àíèå 3 çâó÷àòüface="Times New Roman Star"jan|qu 1 (OUygh.), jan|ra- (Orkh.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"jan|qu 1, jan|ra- 3 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"janky 1face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yra- 3face="Times New Roman Star"jan|qu 1 (AH)face="Times New Roman Star"jan|gra- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"jan| 2, jan|ra- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"d/an|u 1, d/an|yr- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"san|a 2face="Times New Roman Star"han|a 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?an|g|y 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|an|yr- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|yra- 3face="Times New Roman Star"jan|g|yra- 3


face="Times New Roman Star"z?an|g|yr- 3
face="Times New Roman Star"jang|yr- 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 949, 952, ÝÑÒß 4, 119, 122, 124, Stachowski 96. Turk. > WMong. jan| 'melody' (Ùåðáàê 1997, 164).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jakaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"collar; edgeface="Times New Roman Star"âîðîòíèê; êðàéface="Times New Roman Star"jaqa (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jaqa (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jakaface="Times New Roman Star"jaqaface="Times New Roman Star"jaqa (Pav. C., Ettuhf.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|qaface="Times New Roman Star"jaqa
face="Times New Roman Star"jaxaface="Times New Roman Star"jaqaface="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|aface="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|aface="Times New Roman Star"d/aqaface="Times New Roman Star"jaqaface="Times New Roman Star"s/og|aface="Times New Roman Star"sag|a

face="Times New Roman Star"c?ag|a (Ðàñ. ÔèË)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|aqa
face="Times New Roman Star"jag|aface="Times New Roman Star"jag|aface="Times New Roman Star"z?|ag|a, z?ag|a


face="Times New Roman Star"jaxaface="Times New Roman Star"jag|aface="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 180, 82-83, EDT 898, ÝÑÒß 4, 82-84, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 146-147. Turk. > WMong. z?|aqa, z?|iqa, Kalm. zax@ (KW 463-464; TMN 4, 103-104, Ùåðáàê 1997, 122), whence Evk. z?|aka (Doerfer MT 125).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:.rface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"precipice, steep bankface="Times New Roman Star"îáðûâ, êðóòîé áåðåã
face="Times New Roman Star"jar (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"jar (Ettuhf., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|arface="Times New Roman Star"jar
face="Times New Roman Star"jar-Ganface="Times New Roman Star"ja:rface="Times New Roman Star"c?ar
face="Times New Roman Star"d/ar
face="Times New Roman Star"s/yrface="Times New Roman Star"sy:rface="Times New Roman Star"hy:r

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|arface="Times New Roman Star"z?arface="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"jar
face="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"jar

face="Times New Roman Star"jarface="Times New Roman Star"EDT 953-954, VEWT 188-9, ÝÑÒß 4, 17-18, Stachowski 121.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.r-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 order 2 announcement, call 3 judge 4 law, justiceface="Times New Roman Star"1 ïðèêàç 2 îáúÿâëåíèå, êëè÷ 3 ñóäüÿ 4 çàêîí, ïðàâîñóäèåface="Times New Roman Star"jar-lyg| 1,2 (OUygh.), jarg|an 3face="Times New Roman Star"jar-lyg| 1,2 (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jar, z?|ar 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jar 2, jarlyq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jar 2 (Abush.), jar-lyg| 1,2 (Abush., Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"jarg|u 4, dial. z?|ar 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2 (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jarlyq 1, dial. z?|ar 2

face="Times New Roman Star"d/ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/yrlúx 1

face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar 2




face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar 2

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 188-9, EDT 966-7, ÝÑÒß 4, 18-20 (one can hardly agree with Clauson that jarlyg| is a loan from an unknown source). Mong. loans from Turk. are widely spread: Mong. z?|ar 'announcement', z?|arqu, z?|arg|u 'judgement, court', z?|arliq 'order', z?|arg|uc?i 'judge' (see TMN 1, 278, 4, 58-66, 157, Ùåðáàê 1997, 123).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"tearface="Times New Roman Star"ñëåçàface="Times New Roman Star"jas? (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"je|s?face="Times New Roman Star"jas? (AH, Áîð. Áàä.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|s?face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"jasface="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?face="Times New Roman Star"c?as
face="Times New Roman Star"d/as?face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?face="Times New Roman Star"kos/-s/ol

face="Times New Roman Star"c?as?
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?face="Times New Roman Star"z?asface="Times New Roman Star"jasface="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"z?asface="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"jas?face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, EDT 975-976, Àøì. VII, 32, ÝÑÒß 4, 161-163 (because of external evidence should be distinguished both from *ja:l' 'age' and *ja:l' 'fresh, green').
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to lie, to sleepface="Times New Roman Star"ëåæàòü, ñïàòüface="Times New Roman Star"jat- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat- (MA)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|t-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat- 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"c?at-face="Times New Roman Star"c?at- (R)face="Times New Roman Star"d/at-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-
face="Times New Roman Star"syt-face="Times New Roman Star"hyt-face="Times New Roman Star"c?y't-face="Times New Roman Star"c?y't-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|at-face="Times New Roman Star"z?at-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"z?at-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"z?at-face="Times New Roman Star"jaht-face="Times New Roman Star"jat-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, EDT 884, ÝÑÒß 4, 156-158, Stachowski 120.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:l/-ylface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 green 2 yellowface="Times New Roman Star"1 çåëåíûé 2 æåëòûéface="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (Orkh., OUygh.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (MK, KB) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"je|s?el 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl (MA) 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jahsyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?azyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"c?az?yl (R.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"d/az?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja:s?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"s/ulz/a, s/ulz?|a, s/úvúls/ 'leaf' ( = Bashk. ja"s?elsa" 'greens, vegetables')face="Times New Roman Star"saha-r- 2face="Times New Roman Star"haha-r- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?asyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"jasyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?el 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?as?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jes?li 1face="Times New Roman Star"z?asyl 1face="Times New Roman Star"ja"s?il 1face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yl 1face="Times New Roman Star"Derived from PT *ja:l/ 'young, green vegetables' (OUygh. jas?, MK jas?, Turkm. ja:s?, see ÝÑÒß 4, 162, EDT 975, 976, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 134, Stachowski 93). This root is often mixed with homophonous *ja:l/ 'tear' and *ja:l/ 'age, year', see ÝÑÒß 4, 161-164 (all three roots have different Altaic etymologies). Turk. > Mong. jasil 'buckthorn' (Clark 1980, 41).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja:(j)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bowface="Times New Roman Star"ëóêface="Times New Roman Star"ja (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"ja (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jajface="Times New Roman Star"je|je|, z?|e|je|face="Times New Roman Star"jaj (Ettuhf.), ja (Houts.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|jface="Times New Roman Star"jaface="Times New Roman Star"ja 'arrow'face="Times New Roman Star"jajface="Times New Roman Star"ja:jface="Times New Roman Star"c?a:-z?|axface="Times New Roman Star"nan 'bow', jan-c?ak 'small bow'face="Times New Roman Star"d/a: 'arrow'
face="Times New Roman Star"s/u (in ok-s/u)face="Times New Roman Star"sa:face="Times New Roman Star"ha:, sa:face="Times New Roman Star"c?aface="Times New Roman Star"c?aface="Times New Roman Star"z?|aj, z?|a:face="Times New Roman Star"z?ajface="Times New Roman Star"jajface="Times New Roman Star"ja"ja", janface="Times New Roman Star"z?|ajaface="Times New Roman Star"jaj, jajyface="Times New Roman Star"jajface="Times New Roman Star"z?aj

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 186, EDT 869, TMN 4, 121-122, ÝÑÒß 4, 75, Ëåêñèêà 570, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 274, Stachowski 99, 209.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.jn|akface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 cheek 2 jawface="Times New Roman Star"1 ùåêà 2 ÷åëþñòü
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"janak 1face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq (Abush., Sangl.) 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jo|no|q 2, (Kypch. dial.) z?|ag| 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq, jyn|aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"janaG 1face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq 1face="Times New Roman Star"na:x 1face="Times New Roman Star"na:q 1face="Times New Roman Star"d/a:k 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"syn|a:x 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"hyn|a:k 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?a:k 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|a:q 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?aq 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"jan|aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|yjaq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"janaq 1face="Times New Roman Star"janax, jajax, jag|aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?aq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"jan|ax (ÑÑß) 2face="Times New Roman Star"jajaq 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 948, VEWT 187, ÝÑÒß 4, 123, Ëåêñèêà 219-220, Stachowski 119.
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