| ▴ Proto-Turkic | ▴ Altaic etymology | ▴ Meaning | ▴ Russian meaning | ▴ Old Turkic | ▴ Karakhanid | ▴ Turkish | ▴ Tatar | ▴ Middle Turkic | ▴ Uzbek | ▴ Uighur | ▴ Sary-Yughur | ▴ Azerbaidzhan | ▴ Turkmen | ▴ Khakassian | ▴ Shor | ▴ Oyrat | ▴ Halaj | ▴ Chuvash | ▴ Yakut | ▴ Dolgan | ▴ Tuva | ▴ Tofalar | ▴ Kirghiz | ▴ Kazakh | ▴ Noghai | ▴ Bashkir | ▴ Balkar | ▴ Gagauz | ▴ Karaim | ▴ Karakalpak | ▴ Salar | ▴ Kumyk | ▴ Comments |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"*de:- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to say | face="Times New Roman Star"ñêàçàòü, ãîâîðèòü | face="Times New Roman Star"te- (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"te- (MK, KB) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"di- | face="Times New Roman Star"di- (Abush.), te- (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"da"- | face="Times New Roman Star"di- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"di:- | face="Times New Roman Star"t@- | face="Times New Roman Star"te- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"te- | face="Times New Roman Star"die- | face="Times New Roman Star"die- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"te- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"ti- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"dij- | face="Times New Roman Star"de- | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 467-8, EDT 433-4, ÝÑÒß 3, 221-224, Stachowski 79. Kypchak and some other languages preserve voiced d- due to the word's grammaticalized usage. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*de:.l(b)u"- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"mad, stupid | face="Times New Roman Star"ñóìàñøåäøèé, ãëóïûé | face="Times New Roman Star"telve (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"telve (MK, KB); telu" (MK-Oghuz) | face="Times New Roman Star"deli | face="Times New Roman Star"tile, (ÊÑÒÒ) tilba" | face="Times New Roman Star"telve (Abush., Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"telba | face="Times New Roman Star"ta"lva" 'sporty' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"da"li | face="Times New Roman Star"da":li, telbe |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tiler- 'to become mad, enraged' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"telemir, telen| | face="Times New Roman Star"teli; delbe 'stagger' | face="Times New Roman Star"delbe 'stagger' | face="Times New Roman Star"teli; delbe 'stagger' | face="Times New Roman Star"tile, tilba" 'stagger' | face="Times New Roman Star"teli | face="Times New Roman Star"deli | face="Times New Roman Star"deli, teli | face="Times New Roman Star"delbe 'stagger' |
| face="Times New Roman Star"deli | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 493, VEWT 472, ÝÑÒß 3, 214-216, TMN 3, 660-662. The forms meaning 'stagger' reveal some irregularities (notably, voiced d- in some Kypchak forms), perhaps due to interdialectal borrowing. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*dolga- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"to twist, to wrap round | face="Times New Roman Star"êðóòèòü, çàâîðà÷èâàòü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a- (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"dola- | face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a-n- (refl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a- (Abush., MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.lg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|u- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"dola- | face="Times New Roman Star"dola- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|aj 'turn' | face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|o- | face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a-n- 'to walk around' | face="Times New Roman Star"túla, túw|lla 'cloth, petersham' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dolg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"dolg|a- | face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|o- | face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a- |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tula 'cloth' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tolg|a- |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"dola-n- 'to tinker with smth.' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 486, EDT 497, ÝÑÒß 3, 259-260, Ôåäîòîâ 2, 187-188, Àøì. XIV, 254-255, 259. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*don|ur/ | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"pig | face="Times New Roman Star"ñâèíüÿ | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|uz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|uz (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"domuz | face="Times New Roman Star"dun|g|yz | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|uz (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.ng|is | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|g|uz | face="Times New Roman Star"don|iz | face="Times New Roman Star"donuz | face="Times New Roman Star"don|uz |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"don|uz | face="Times New Roman Star"don|yz | face="Times New Roman Star"don|yz |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ton|g|uz | face="Times New Roman Star"domuz | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|g|uz, domuz | face="Times New Roman Star"don|yz | face="Times New Roman Star"ton|as | face="Times New Roman Star"don|g|uz | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 488, EDT 527, ÝÑÒß 3, 267-268, TMN 2, 585-586. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*do":rt | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"four | face="Times New Roman Star"÷åòûðå | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt (Áîð. Áàä., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"to.rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"(r)t | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt, tu"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rd | face="Times New Roman Star"do":rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"túw|vadú | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"o"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"{do"rt} | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"du"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"to"rt |
| face="Times New Roman Star"do"rt | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 534, VEWT 495, ÝÑÒß 3, 284-286, Stachowski 235. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*du:r/ (? *-u":-) | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"salt | face="Times New Roman Star"ñîëü | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"toz | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz (MA) | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"duz | face="Times New Roman Star"duz | face="Times New Roman Star"du:z | face="Times New Roman Star"tus | face="Times New Roman Star"tus | face="Times New Roman Star"tus | face="Times New Roman Star"tu:z | face="Times New Roman Star"túw|var | face="Times New Roman Star"tu:s | face="Times New Roman Star"tu:s | face="Times New Roman Star"dus | face="Times New Roman Star"tus | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"tu_z | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"tod| | face="Times New Roman Star"tod| | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"duz | face="Times New Roman Star"duz, du"z/, tuz | face="Times New Roman Star"duz | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 502, EDT 571, ÝÑÒß 3, 288-289, Stachowski 234. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*du":tu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"pipe | face="Times New Roman Star"òðóáêà, ôëåéòà |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tek 'a spout of an ewer' (MK), du"du"k 'reed pipe, flute' (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"(OKypch.) du"du"k (AH) | face="Times New Roman Star"tutak |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"k | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"jdu"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"k | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tik | face="Times New Roman Star"du"dik |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"k |
| face="Times New Roman Star"tu"te | face="Times New Roman Star"tu"tu"lu"x (ÑÑß) | face="Times New Roman Star"du"du"k | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 507, EDT 455. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:.ke- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to file 2 file (n.) | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ïèëèòü, îáòà÷èâàòü 2 íàïèëüíèê |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ike- ( ? ege-) 1 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"eje 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iga"- 1, iga"w 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eka"k 2 (Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ego|w 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eka"k, iga"k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"ja" 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"i:ge 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ige- 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egu" 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@gev 'whetstone' | face="Times New Roman Star"igi: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"igi: 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eg|e-, o"g|e- 1, eg|e: 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"ege-, o"go"- 1, ego":, o"go": 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iga"- 1, iga"w 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ija 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ege, egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ege- 1, egew 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"egew 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 101, VEWT 38, ÝÑÒß 1, 326-328, TMN 2, 93, Åãîðîâ 77, Ëåêñèêà 399, Stachowski 123. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e.k(k)i | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"two | face="Times New Roman Star"äâà | face="Times New Roman Star"eki (Orkh., OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"e.ki (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"iki | face="Times New Roman Star"ike | face="Times New Roman Star"iki (AH, IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"ikki | face="Times New Roman Star"ikki | face="Times New Roman Star"s?igy | face="Times New Roman Star"iki | face="Times New Roman Star"iki | face="Times New Roman Star"eke | face="Times New Roman Star"igi | face="Times New Roman Star"eki | face="Times New Roman Star"a"kki, a"kki. | face="Times New Roman Star"ikk@ | face="Times New Roman Star"ikki | face="Times New Roman Star"ikki | face="Times New Roman Star"i ji | face="Times New Roman Star"ixi | face="Times New Roman Star"eki | face="Times New Roman Star"eki | face="Times New Roman Star"eki | face="Times New Roman Star"ike | face="Times New Roman Star"eki | face="Times New Roman Star"iki | face="Times New Roman Star"eky | face="Times New Roman Star"eki | face="Times New Roman Star"is?ky | face="Times New Roman Star"eki | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 39, EDT 100-1, ÝÑÒß 1, 337-339, Åãîðîâ 67-68, Stachowski 124. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*et-mek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"bread | face="Times New Roman Star"õëåá | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"etmek (MK), epmek (MK - Oghuz, Qypch.) | face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, ekmek | face="Times New Roman Star"ikma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"etmek, o"tmek (Pav. C.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"a"ppa"k | face="Times New Roman Star"(dial.) ekmek, epmek | face="Times New Roman Star"ipek | face="Times New Roman Star"itpa"k | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpo"k |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"tpek | face="Times New Roman Star"ikma"k | face="Times New Roman Star"o"tmek | face="Times New Roman Star"iekmek | face="Times New Roman Star"ekmek, etmek, o"tmek |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ekmek | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 12, 60, VEWT 376, ÝÑÒß 1, 254-256. The oldest form is clearly *et-mek with various subsequent assimilations. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e>lge- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to sift; 2 sieve | face="Times New Roman Star"ñèòî, ïðîñåèâàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1 (MK), ele- 1 (IM), elek 2 (IM) | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ile|- 1, ile|k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 (Sangl.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ela- 1, elak 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"gli- 1, a"lga"k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"la"- 1, a"la"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ilge- 1, ilgek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ha"jla"- 1, ha"jla"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"alla- 1, alla 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"egle- / elge- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"elge- 1, elgek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, elge- 1, elek, elgek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ile- 1, ilek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"iele- 1, ielek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele-, o"le- 1, elek, o"lek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"elex 2 (ÑÑß 324) | face="Times New Roman Star"ele- 1, elek 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 143, VEWT 40, ÝÑÒß 1, 261-263, Åãîðîâ 24. The behaviour of the internal cluster is phonetically normal (not on a morphemic boundary). Turk. *elgek > WMong. elgeg, Kalm. elg@g (KW 119, TMN 2, 118, Ùåðáàê 1997, 114). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*ilme | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 asp-tree 2 elm-tree | face="Times New Roman Star"1 îñèíà 2 èëüì, âÿç |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"elma" 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"j@w|lme 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"elmen 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"elme 1 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"elme 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 338, Åãîðîâ 78, Ôåäîòîâ 1, 194, Äìèòðèåâà 189, Ëåêñèêà 126. The word is attested late (like many tree names), but borrowing from Russ. èëüì is hardly possible; the Russian word, usually considered a Germanism (MHG ilme etc.), may equally well be explained as a Turkism (see Åãîðîâ ibid.). The resemblance of PT *ilme and PIE *l&mo- / *olmo- is interesting, but probably accidental (if the Turkic word indeed goes back to PA *p`i_ule). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e.l-t-, -c?- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 to bring, carry 2 to lead, drive, send | face="Times New Roman Star"1 íåñòè 2 âåñòè, ïîñûëàòü | face="Times New Roman Star"elt- (Orkh., OUygh.) 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"elt-, elet- (MK) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ilet- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"elt- (Houts.) 2, ilet- (Pav. C.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- (dial.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jes/- , les/- 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ilt- 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"elt- 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 132, VEWT 41, ÝÑÒß 1, 267-269, Stachowski 125, 126. Turk. > Mong. elde-, Kalm. eld@- (KW 119). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*Eltiri | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"skin of kid or lamb | face="Times New Roman Star"øêóðà êîçëåíêà èëè ÿãíåíêà, êàðàêóëü |
| face="Times New Roman Star"elri, eldiri (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"elteri (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>r | face="Times New Roman Star"eltirik (IM) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"ltera" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"elteri, elter (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri> | face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri | face="Times New Roman Star"ilti>r | face="Times New Roman Star"elti>ri>, eltir |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"eltiri |
| face="Times New Roman Star"eltir | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 135, ÝÑÒß 1, 269-270. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e:nc?u" | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 fief, land and vassals presented by the ruler 2 gift, dowry | face="Times New Roman Star"1 âëàäåíèå, çåìëÿ è ÷åëÿäü, ïîæàëîâàííûå íà÷àëüíèêîì 2 ïîäàðîê, ïðèäàíîå | face="Times New Roman Star"inc?u" (/anc?u) 1 (OUygh.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"inc?e 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"enc?u" 1 (Abush. 82) | face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|u 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"nc?i 1 (dial.) |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"i:nz?|i 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"inz?|i 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"enn/ie 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"inse 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i `own' |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ens?i 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"enc?i-li 'own' | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 44, EDT 173, ÝÑÒß 1, 361-362, Ëåêñèêà 347-348, Äûáî 1997. Turk. > MMong. enc?u", WMong. inz?|e, Kalm. inz?|@ (KW 208, 296). Mong. inz?|e 'dowry' may be in fact a word of different (Chinese) origin, see Haenisch 82, TMN 2, 224, EDT ibid., and modern Turkic forms may reflect a confusion of the original form and the later mongolism. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*em- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"now | face="Times New Roman Star"ñåé÷àñ | face="Times New Roman Star"emti (OUygh.) |
| face="Times New Roman Star"imdi | face="Times New Roman Star"indi> | face="Times New Roman Star"imdi (AH, Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"endi | face="Times New Roman Star"a"mdi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"indi | face="Times New Roman Star"indi, s?-u"ndi |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"emdi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"@nd@ |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"emi, endi | face="Times New Roman Star"endi> | face="Times New Roman Star"endi | face="Times New Roman Star"indi> | face="Times New Roman Star"endi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"endi | face="Times New Roman Star"endi |
| face="Times New Roman Star"endi | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 156-157, VEWT 41, ÝÑÒß 1, 357-358, Åãîðîâ 65, Ëåêñèêà 83 (with confusion of *em- and *am- q. v. sub *a>mV). |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*en|se | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"back of the neck | face="Times New Roman Star"çàäíÿÿ ÷àñòü øåè |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"ense |
| face="Times New Roman Star"en|se, a"n|sa" (Ettuhf.) | face="Times New Roman Star"ensa" |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jen|se |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"en|ze |
| face="Times New Roman Star"@nze, j@nze |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"en|se | face="Times New Roman Star"en|se | face="Times New Roman Star"en|se |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"jensa" | face="Times New Roman Star"en|se, ense | face="Times New Roman Star"en|se |
| face="Times New Roman Star"en|se | face="Times New Roman Star"ÝÑÒß 4, 190-191, Åãîðîâ 65, Ëåêñèêà 237-238. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*eru"k | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 plum 2 apricot | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ñëèâà 2 àáðèêîñ | face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k 1, 2 (OUygh.) | face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k 1, 2 (MK) | face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"u">ri>k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"eru"k (AH) 'peach', o"ru"k (Abush.) 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"o.ri.k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"u"ru"k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"rik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erik 2 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"ori>k 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"u">ru">k 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"ierik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erik 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"o"ru"x 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erik 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 222, ÝÑÒß 1, 291-292. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*er- | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 coquetry 2 cockering, endearment 3 cockered, beloved 4 entertainment , joke | face="Times New Roman Star"1 êîêåòñòâî 2 áàëîâñòâî, ëàñêà 3 èçáàëîâàííûé, ëþáèìûé 4 çàáàâà, øóòêà |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erke (dial.) 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, (dial.) irma"k 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 1, 2, 3 (Abush., Pav. C.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erka" 1, 3, ermak 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" 3, erma"k 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"a"rka" (dial.) 2, 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"ermek 4 (dial.) | face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, erbek 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek, erbek 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"j@rg@n `wriggler, trickster' (Ashm.) | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erg|e 2 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"irka" 3, irma"k 4 | face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 |
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| face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3, ermek 4 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erke 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 48, ÝÑÒß 1, 296-297, 300-301, TMN 2, 181-182. The root is widely spread, although unattested in older sources; its relationship to *eril/- 'contest' (suggested in ÝÑÒß 297) is dubious. |
| face="Times New Roman Star"*e.r-kek | face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology | face="Times New Roman Star"1 man 2 husband 3 male | face="Times New Roman Star"1 ìóæ÷èíà 2 ìóæ 3 ñàìåö |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 (MK, KB) | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"irke|k 3 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"erkak 1 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"erka"k 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 |
|
| face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1, 2 | face="Times New Roman Star"hi.rka"k 1 |
| face="Times New Roman Star"irgex 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"irgek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"irgek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"i'rxek 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"irka"k 3 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"a"rkex 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"erkek 1 | face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 46, TMN 2, 178-9, EDT 192, ÝÑÒß 1, 297-298, 321-322, Ëåêñèêà 303, 561, Åãîðîâ 30, Stachowski 46, 128. We follow Clauson (EDT 223-4) in separating *e:r from *e.r-kek. |
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