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▴ Proto-Turkic▴ Altaic etymology▴ Meaning▴ Russian meaning▴ Old Turkic▴ Karakhanid▴ Turkish▴ Tatar▴ Middle Turkic▴ Uzbek▴ Uighur▴ Sary-Yughur▴ Azerbaidzhan▴ Turkmen▴ Khakassian▴ Shor▴ Oyrat▴ Halaj▴ Chuvash▴ Yakut▴ Dolgan▴ Tuva▴ Tofalar▴ Kirghiz▴ Kazakh▴ Noghai▴ Bashkir▴ Balkar▴ Gagauz▴ Karaim▴ Karakalpak▴ Salar▴ Kumyk▴ Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*bij-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"sharp edge, knifeface="Times New Roman Star"острый край, ножface="Times New Roman Star"bi (OUygh.)








face="Times New Roman Star"pi-ze- 'to whet, sharpen'



face="Times New Roman Star"bi:face="Times New Roman Star"bi:











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 291, VEWT 75, Лексика 398, 399-400, Stachowski 61.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jala-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 sacred band 2 flag 3 tie, strapface="Times New Roman Star"1 священная лента, веревочка, пучок волос (привязываемая к дереву или шаманской колотушке) 2 знамя, флаг 3 завязка, повязка


face="Times New Roman Star"jalaw (dial.) 2, jala 3face="Times New Roman Star"jalaw (Бор. Бад.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"jalo|w 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ala (dial.) 3face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ala 3
face="Times New Roman Star"jalow (dial.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"c?ala(n|)ma 1, c?ala: 3face="Times New Roman Star"c?ala 3, c?alaba 1face="Times New Roman Star"jalag|a, d/alag|a 3, jalama, d/alama 1

face="Times New Roman Star"salama 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ala: 3, c?alama 1
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|alau 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?alaw 2




face="Times New Roman Star"z?alaw 2

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 4, 99-100, VEWT 181. Turk. *jala-gu, *jala-ga and *jala-ma seem to be derived from a common root, thus it is most probable that Mong. z?|alama 'sacred strips' and z?|alag|a 'tassel, thick silk thread' are borrowed from Turkic and not vice versa.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sym-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to talk unintelligibly 2 to whisperface="Times New Roman Star"1 говорить невнятно 2 шептать
face="Times New Roman Star"sumly- (MK, KB) 1






face="Times New Roman Star"sym-sym 2face="Times New Roman Star"sym 'silence'


face="Times New Roman Star"s@mp@ltet- 'лопотать'

face="Times New Roman Star"symyran- 2face="Times New Roman Star"symyra- 2 (ФиЛ)









face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 829.
face="Times New Roman Star"*sojaguface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 cock's spur 2 pine needle, toothpick 3 a sharp objectface="Times New Roman Star"1 петушиная шпора 2 сосновая иголка, зубочистка 3 острый предмет
face="Times New Roman Star"sojag|u 1 (MK)









face="Times New Roman Star"sojoq `mountain top; young horn'




face="Times New Roman Star"soja: 'wire for pipe-cleaning' (< Mong.?); sojaq `mountain' (ФиЛ 227)face="Times New Roman Star"sojo: 3face="Times New Roman Star"sojaw 2






face="Times New Roman Star"sojaw 'a metallic pendant on a Caucasian belt'face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 425, EDT 859. All Kypchak forms may also be < Mong.
face="Times New Roman Star"*c?o:gface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"glowing heat, glowing coalsface="Times New Roman Star"жар, тлеющие угольяface="Times New Roman Star"c?og| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?og| (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"c?og| (Vam.)face="Times New Roman Star"c?u.g|face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq, c?og|face="Times New Roman Star"c?og|
face="Times New Roman Star"c?o:gface="Times New Roman Star"sog|face="Times New Roman Star"s?og|face="Times New Roman Star"c?oq

face="Times New Roman Star"suosface="Times New Roman Star"huos

face="Times New Roman Star"c?oqface="Times New Roman Star"s?oq







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 113, 114, Лексика 366-367, EDT 405, Stachowski 113 (Yak. suos = Tur. c?ogas? 'sun heat'). Turk. > WMong. c?og|, Kalm. cog (KW 429, TMN 2, 119, Щербак 1997, 113). Mong. > Yak. c?ox.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"ru"l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"millet flour boiled in water or milkface="Times New Roman Star"просяная мука, сваренная в воде или молоке
face="Times New Roman Star"ku"rs?ek (MK) 1


























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 311, EDT 747.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jap-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to cover; to close, shut (the door)face="Times New Roman Star"покрывать; закрывать (дверь)
face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"jap-face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (AH, Ettuhf., Бор. Бад.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|p-face="Times New Roman Star"jap-
face="Times New Roman Star"jap- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jap-face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-face="Times New Roman Star"c?ap-face="Times New Roman Star"jap-, d/ap-

face="Times New Roman Star"sap-face="Times New Roman Star"hap-face="Times New Roman Star"s?yp-
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ap-face="Times New Roman Star"z?ap-face="Times New Roman Star"jap-face="Times New Roman Star"jap-face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ap-, z?ap-, zap-
face="Times New Roman Star"jap-face="Times New Roman Star"z?ap-
face="Times New Roman Star"jap-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 187, EDT 870-871; ЭСТЯ 4, 127-128 (with a careful distinction of *jap- 'create, make' and *jap- 'cover'), Stachowski 96-97. Derivates mean 'cloth, covering' (see Лексика 545).
face="Times New Roman Star"*basu-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"sledge-hammer, malletface="Times New Roman Star"молот, колотушка
face="Times New Roman Star"basu (MK)


face="Times New Roman Star"baska



face="Times New Roman Star"pasxa
face="Times New Roman Star"masqa















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 64.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Tu"n|-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 metaphor 2 summary, conclusion 3 interpreter 4 realityface="Times New Roman Star"1 притча, иносказание 2 итог, обобщение 3 переводчик 4 явь





face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|c?i 3




face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n| 1 (Верб.), tu"n|ej 'одинаковый'

face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|et- 'делить, распределять'face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n|ehe 'ein Brauch, dem gema"s| ein Ja"ger das Fleisch des von ihm erlegten Rentiers den Nachbarn schenkt und fu"r sich selbst nur den Rentierkopf beha"lt, welcher ihm Glu"ck bringen soll'face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n| 2




face="Times New Roman Star"tu"n 4




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 505, Stachowski 235.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jAmface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"large earthenware vesselface="Times New Roman Star"большой глиняный сосуд



face="Times New Roman Star"jam (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"jo|m












face="Times New Roman Star"z?|am








face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 183. Ra"sa"nen compares also Ku"a"r. jam-yg| 'zubereitetes Leder' (R 3, 308) - which is possible if the original meaning was "a large vessel for tanning skins". One can also mention Yak. syma 'large leather bag' (Пек. 2, 2455 suggests borrowing < Russ. сума, but in that case *syma: would be expected).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kylyface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"handle, ear (of a kettle, bucket)face="Times New Roman Star"ручка, ушко (чайника, ведра)


face="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qyl (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"xylg|a, xylc?yface="Times New Roman Star"qylc?yface="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qyld/y

face="Times New Roman Star"kyld/y



face="Times New Roman Star"qyly
face="Times New Roman Star"qyly, qylys (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 263, ЭСТЯ 6, 209-210.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o"lo"n|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"song with three out of four verses rhyming (first, second and fourth)face="Times New Roman Star"песня с тремя рифмующимися строфами (первой, второй и четвертой)



face="Times New Roman Star"o"len| 'a wedding song' (Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"le|n| 'Kazakh's song'

face="Times New Roman Star"o"len|




face="Times New Roman Star"olon|xo 'Yakut metric epos'


face="Times New Roman Star"o"lo"n| 'song with one rhyme for a dozen lines (песня с рифмовкой на дюжину)'face="Times New Roman Star"o"lo"n|







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 371, EDT 147.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAc?a-, *KAc?a-guface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to chisel, chiselface="Times New Roman Star"долото, зубило, работать зубилом


face="Times New Roman Star"qaz|au (Sib.)















face="Times New Roman Star"qas?a-, qas?au
face="Times New Roman Star"qasau





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kypface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"fabricface="Times New Roman Star"ткань









face="Times New Roman Star"xyp 'lining, covering'



face="Times New Roman Star"kybyas 'шерсть оленя ранним летом'


face="Times New Roman Star"qypyq 'kerchief, sash'

face="Times New Roman Star"qyptyr 'перешитая в подборку (о шубе)'face="Times New Roman Star"qyppa 'skein, clew'




face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 265.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ken|e-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"easy, convenient; shallowface="Times New Roman Star"легкий, удобный; мелкий (о воде)
face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"ken|es, ken|ez (`Ali), ken|ez (Houts.)








face="Times New Roman Star"kanas 'спокойный, бесхлопотный'face="Times New Roman Star"kenen 'простой, доверчивый, наивный'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 734.
face="Times New Roman Star"*kes-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 a k. of leash for domestic animals 2 chain, leash, noose 3 sea knotface="Times New Roman Star"1 вид привязи для домашних животных 2 цепь, привязь, петля 3 морской узел
face="Times New Roman Star"kesgu"k (MK) 'collar'






face="Times New Roman Star"kesmik 1



face="Times New Roman Star"kasmъk 2, kazak 3




face="Times New Roman Star"keskek 1







face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 750, ЭСТЯ 5, 59. Deriving the root from kes- 'cut' is dubious semantically.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kyc?-gyr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"to shout, cryface="Times New Roman Star"кричать


face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?qyr-

face="Times New Roman Star"qic?qir-
face="Times New Roman Star"Gys?Gyr-
face="Times New Roman Star"xysxyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qys?yr-face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?yr-

face="Times New Roman Star"kyskyj- 'to whistle'
face="Times New Roman Star"qys?qyr-
face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?qyr-

face="Times New Roman Star"qysqyr-face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?yr-



face="Times New Roman Star"qyc?yr-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 261. Turk. > WMong. qaskira-, Kalm. xa"s?kr- (KW 178).
face="Times New Roman Star"*boj-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to be dilatory and careless 2 to rage, rough-house 3 rampant 4 to rot, spoilface="Times New Roman Star"1 быть неосторожным, рассеянным 2 буянить 3 буйный, ретивый 4 протухать, портиться, хиреть
face="Times New Roman Star"bojba- (MK) 1


face="Times New Roman Star"bo.j-la- 4


face="Times New Roman Star"bojna- 2, bojnaq 3






face="Times New Roman Star"boj-la- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"buj-da- 'to be confused'

face="Times New Roman Star"buj-la- 2

face="Times New Roman Star"boj-g|yn 'fainted'


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 385.
face="Times New Roman Star"*se:m (?-i:-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 inflammation 2 pimple (on face)face="Times New Roman Star"1 воспаление 2 прыщ (на лице)







face="Times New Roman Star"sim 'blood-poisoning'face="Times New Roman Star"si:m 1face="Times New Roman Star"simiske 2














face="Times New Roman Star"semik 'mark, mole on body'

face="Times New Roman Star"The Oghuz form may reflect a contamination with the borrowed Arab. word for 'poison' (Tur. sem).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymology
face="Times New Roman Star"1 demon, evil spirit 2 bad, evil 3 to hate, despise 4 to scoldface="Times New Roman Star"1 демон, злой дух 2 плохой, отвратительный 3 ненавидеть, презирать 4 бранитьface="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ik 2, z?|iker- 4face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1 (AH), 2 (Pav. C.), jigir- 3 (R.)face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ekir- 4face="Times New Roman Star"ja"kla"- 3, z?|ekir- 4

face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3, jek (dial.) 2
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ek 1face="Times New Roman Star"jek, d/ek 1, 2, jikir- 3





face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ek 2, z?|ekte- 3, z?|ekir- 4face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek 2, z?ekir- 4face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3face="Times New Roman Star"jek 2, jeker- 3

face="Times New Roman Star"jek 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"z?ek 2, z?ekir- 4
face="Times New Roman Star"jekir- 3face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 910, VEWT 194, ЭСТЯ 4, 170-171, 173-174. Loan from Prakr. yakkha (through some unattested Sogdian intermediary) cannot be excluded, but also cannot be ascertained. Turk. > MMong. (MA) z?|ikir- 'hate, abhor'.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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