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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*arkface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"excrementface="Times New Roman Star"навоз, экскременты
face="Times New Roman Star"arq (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"Kypch. arq (Houts.)



face="Times New Roman Star"arq (А-Б)face="Times New Roman Star"aryx

face="Times New Roman Star"harq














face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 213, VEWT 26.
face="Times New Roman Star"*kerkiface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 adze, mattock 2 razorface="Times New Roman Star"1 кирка, мотыга 2 бритва
face="Times New Roman Star"kerki (MK) 1, kerej (MK) 2face="Times New Roman Star"kerki 1
face="Times New Roman Star"kerki (IM, AH) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ke|ke|, ke|rke (dial.) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"ka"rki, kerki (dial.) 1face="Times New Roman Star"kerki 1

face="Times New Roman Star"kerki 1
face="Times New Roman Star"karъ 'chisel'

face="Times New Roman Star"kerz?ek 'adze'
face="Times New Roman Star"kerki 1








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 741, ЭСТЯ 5, 51-52 ( > Russ. кирка).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"gde ( ? -o"-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"daggerface="Times New Roman Star"кинжалface="Times New Roman Star"bu"/o"gde (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bu"/o"gde (MK, KB)


























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 325, TMN 2, 294-295, Лексика 566. Turk. > Pers. bogda 'big knife'.
face="Times New Roman Star"*budur-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"quailface="Times New Roman Star"перепелка
face="Times New Roman Star"budursyn (MK); bujurc?un, bujurc?yn (AH)







face="Times New Roman Star"(pudurc?un, pu"du"rc?u"n)


face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|rz?|ъgan 'wagtail'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 309, Лексика 173, ЭСТЯ 2, 305-306. The root was strongly influenced by *byldur- (q. v. sub *pi_o>/ltorV); this explains the Khak. form (one would expect puzur-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bokanaface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"false ribsface="Times New Roman Star"ложные ребра









face="Times New Roman Star"pog|ana
face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ono so"o"k





face="Times New Roman Star"boqonoface="Times New Roman Star"bug|ana (su"jek)
face="Times New Roman Star"bog|ana (dial.)





face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 305, Лексика 275.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ba.lgynface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 tamarisk, 2 viburnumface="Times New Roman Star"1 тамариск 2 калина
face="Times New Roman Star"bulg|una, (dial.) malg|una (MK) 1
face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"balxi 'white mulberry'face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 (РУС 1956)
face="Times New Roman Star"palan 2 (R)face="Times New Roman Star"balxy 'a k. of white mulberry'
face="Times New Roman Star"palan 2 (R)face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2
face="Times New Roman Star"(palan < Tat.), (*polan > Mari polan 2)face="Times New Roman Star"bylax 'white willow; willow branches as fodder'


face="Times New Roman Star"balg|yn 1 'a k. of bush similar to z?ylg|yn'

face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2face="Times New Roman Star"balan 2 (Karach.)




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 338, ЭСТЯ 2, 52, VEWT 59, 324, Дмитр. 189, 201. Turk. > Mong. balg|u, balg|una 'tamarisk'. Forms like balxy may be secondarily modified ('Balkh mulberry'), but in any case not < Iranian.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bElin|face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"panic, terrorface="Times New Roman Star"паника, ужасface="Times New Roman Star"belin| (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"belin| (MK), belin|-le- 'to be terrified' (KB)face="Times New Roman Star"belin 'frightened' (dial. pelin|, pen|il-de-)
face="Times New Roman Star"belin|-le- 'to be terrified' (Qutb)



face="Times New Roman Star"belin| al- 'to fear, be disgusted'

face="Times New Roman Star"pelin| 'faked illness' (R)



face="Times New Roman Star"belin|-c?i, belin|-ne-face="Times New Roman Star"belin|-s?i 'scary', belin|-ne- 'be startled'face="Times New Roman Star"belim-c?i 'a hysterical woman'face="Times New Roman Star"belin|face="Times New Roman Star"belen| 'scary'face="Times New Roman Star"bilen-da"- 'to be scared, startled'





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 343, 344, VEWT 69, ОСНЯ 2, 98 (with a different TM parallel).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bul-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to findface="Times New Roman Star"находитьface="Times New Roman Star"bul- (Orkh., OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bul- (MK, KB)face="Times New Roman Star"bul-
face="Times New Roman Star"bula- (Pav. C. 174)







face="Times New Roman Star"bul-
face="Times New Roman Star"bul-face="Times New Roman Star"bul-






face="Times New Roman Star"bul-face="Times New Roman Star"bul-


face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 332, VEWT 87, ЭСТЯ 2, 252-253, Stachowski 65.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bo"l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"cedar, pinus Sibericaface="Times New Roman Star"кедр, сибирская сосна











face="Times New Roman Star"mo"s?, = dial. (Баск. Туба)

face="Times New Roman Star"bes 'pine', dial. 'larch bast' (ДСЯЯ 1 81)
face="Times New Roman Star"po"`s?, (Castr. Krg.) bo"js?face="Times New Roman Star"bo"s?









face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 71.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bol/gu-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to learn 2 to teach, make learn 3 teaching 4 studentface="Times New Roman Star"1 учиться 2 учить, наставлять, заставлять выучить 3 наставление 4 ученик, подмастерьеface="Times New Roman Star"bos?g|u-n- 1, bos?g|u-t-, bos?g|u-r- 2, bos?g|ut 3 (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"bos?g|ut 4


























face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 82, EDT 379. Derivation from bos?ug| 'allowance, pardon' (EDT) is hardly plausible.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"t-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 to join, intertwine, adhere 2 to wind, weaveface="Times New Roman Star"1 присоединяться, переплетаться, примыкать 2 плести, ткать
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"tu"s?- (MK) 1face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bo"ter- 'крутить, свертывать'
face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1

face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1face="Times New Roman Star"bitis?- 1



face="Times New Roman Star"p@w|d@w|r- 2




face="Times New Roman Star"bitis- 'мириться'
face="Times New Roman Star"bo"to"rgo"s 'деталь ткацкого станка'





face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 309-310. Федотов 1, 427
face="Times New Roman Star"*bora-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 North wind 2 to snow heavilyface="Times New Roman Star"1 северный ветер 2 обильно падать (о снеге)

face="Times New Roman Star"bora(k) 1





face="Times New Roman Star"bora- 2









face="Times New Roman Star"bora- 2







face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 80, ЭСТЯ 2, 189-192, Лексика 45.
face="Times New Roman Star"*K(i)alface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"wild, roughface="Times New Roman Star"дикий, грубыйface="Times New Roman Star"qal (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"qal (KB)

face="Times New Roman Star"qal (CCum.)



face="Times New Roman Star"Galdavface="Times New Roman Star"xalface="Times New Roman Star"qalface="Times New Roman Star"qal

face="Times New Roman Star"xal
face="Times New Roman Star"xal-mal




face="Times New Roman Star"qaltaq




face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 614, VEWT 224, ДТС 410.
face="Times New Roman Star"*go"pe(ne)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"haystackface="Times New Roman Star"стог сена

face="Times New Roman Star"gebenface="Times New Roman Star"ku"be









face="Times New Roman Star"koba

face="Times New Roman Star"xo"pe:n



face="Times New Roman Star"ku"be|




face="Times New Roman Star"kebenface="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 5, 15, 80, Федотов 1, 308-309. Turk. > Hung. kepe 'sheaf', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ku"b-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to pound, hit (laundry)face="Times New Roman Star"бить, выбивать (белье)


face="Times New Roman Star"ku"je|-









face="Times New Roman Star"kiv-













face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 306, Федотов 1, 268, 290.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kog-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to drive, pursueface="Times New Roman Star"гнать, преследовать

face="Times New Roman Star"kog|- (since 17th cent.)


face="Times New Roman Star"qog|la- (dial.)


face="Times New Roman Star"xog|-
face="Times New Roman Star"qog|-

face="Times New Roman Star"kuola:-












face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 6, 9-10, VEWT 275 (should be distinguished from PT *Kob-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kurgakface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"palateface="Times New Roman Star"не'бо









face="Times New Roman Star"xurg|ax
face="Times New Roman Star"qurg|aq















face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 303, Лексика 230.
face="Times New Roman Star"*KAky-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to be angryface="Times New Roman Star"сердитьсяface="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- (OUygh.), qaqy-g| 'anger'face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy-, qaqu- (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"kaky-
face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy- (AH, Qutb., Pav. C.)



face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy-








face="Times New Roman Star"qaq-




face="Times New Roman Star"qaqy-


face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 223, ЭСТЯ 5, 223-224. Turk. > WMong. qaki-, Kalm. x|a"k@- (KW 176).
face="Times New Roman Star"*da:ry-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to touch, fall upon, attackface="Times New Roman Star"дотрагиваться, нападать

face="Times New Roman Star"(Osm.) dary- (14 c.)face="Times New Roman Star"tary-face="Times New Roman Star"dary- (Pav. C.)


face="Times New Roman Star"daras?-face="Times New Roman Star"da:ra-




face="Times New Roman Star"ta:ryj-





face="Times New Roman Star"tary-





face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 3, 149. Despite VEWT 133, hardly a mongolism (but Kaz., Nogh., KKalp. dary- are probably < Mong. dag|ari-). One should perhaps link also *dAry-n-, *dAry-l- 'to become angry, offended' (ЭСТЯ 3, 161-162 - pass. or medial forms, i.e. *'to be touched, approached').
face="Times New Roman Star"*job-
face="Times New Roman Star"1 to overwhelm with kindness 2 collective workface="Times New Roman Star"1 проявить доброту 2 по/мочь
face="Times New Roman Star"jov-, jovsa- 1, jo"vtu"r- (caus.) (MK)face="Times New Roman Star"jo:rum 'воспитание'





face="Times New Roman Star"jovar 2

face="Times New Roman Star"? d'o":z?o 'имущество'

face="Times New Roman Star"sobolon| 'payment for work'












face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 871, 873, 880
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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