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 Proto-Turkic Altaic etymology Meaning Russian meaning Old Turkic Karakhanid Turkish Tatar Middle Turkic Uzbek Uighur Sary-Yughur Azerbaidzhan Turkmen Khakassian Shor Oyrat Halaj Chuvash Yakut Dolgan Tuva Tofalar Kirghiz Kazakh Noghai Bashkir Balkar Gagauz Karaim Karakalpak Salar Kumyk Comments
face="Times New Roman Star"*Kiar/yface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"inner fatface="Times New Roman Star"брюшной жир
face="Times New Roman Star"qazy (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"dial. qazy
face="Times New Roman Star"qe|ziface="Times New Roman Star"qezi


face="Times New Roman Star"xazy
face="Times New Roman Star"qazy
face="Times New Roman Star"jor-var 'скоромная пища'face="Times New Roman Star"qaha
face="Times New Roman Star"qazyface="Times New Roman Star"qazyface="Times New Roman Star"qazyface="Times New Roman Star"qazyface="Times New Roman Star"qazyface="Times New Roman Star"qad|y


face="Times New Roman Star"qazy

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 243, ЭСТЯ 5, 189-190, Мудрак Дисс. 193-194, TMN 3, 359, EDT 681, Федотов 2, 491.
face="Times New Roman Star"*jy:g-(la-)face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to weep, cryface="Times New Roman Star"плакатьface="Times New Roman Star"yg|-la- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"yg|la-, jyg|la- (MK), jyg|la- (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"jyla-face="Times New Roman Star"jyg|la- (Sangl.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ag|la-face="Times New Roman Star"jig|la-
face="Times New Roman Star"a:g|-la-face="Times New Roman Star"y:face="Times New Roman Star"ylg|a-face="Times New Roman Star"yjla-






face="Times New Roman Star"z?yla-

face="Times New Roman Star"zyla-

face="Times New Roman Star"z?yla-
face="Times New Roman Star"jila-face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 8, ЭСТЯ 1, 79-81.
face="Times New Roman Star"*eg-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to bendface="Times New Roman Star"гнутьface="Times New Roman Star"eg- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"eg- (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"eg-


face="Times New Roman Star"a"j-, a"jriface="Times New Roman Star"av-, aj-face="Times New Roman Star"iex-face="Times New Roman Star"iek-











face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 99, VEWT 37, ЭСТЯ 1, 330-332, Егоров 19, Stachowski 122 (Yak. iex- < *eg-ik-).
face="Times New Roman Star"*i:jnface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"hollow, pit, lairface="Times New Roman Star"берлога, ямаface="Times New Roman Star"in (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"in, jin (MK)






face="Times New Roman Star"hi:n


face="Times New Roman Star"hi:.nface="Times New Roman Star"j@n@face="Times New Roman Star"i:nface="Times New Roman Star"i:n

face="Times New Roman Star"ijin








face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 166, VEWT 172, Егоров 79, Stachowski 131.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ja.l/y-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"be lazy, emaciated, weak, quietface="Times New Roman Star"быть ленивым, измученным; слабым, вялым, робким



face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yq (adj.) (Pav. C.)face="Times New Roman Star"j@s?iq (adj.)face="Times New Roman Star"jes?iq (adj.)


face="Times New Roman Star"c?azyg| (adj.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jaz?y- (R), d/az?yq (adj.)

face="Times New Roman Star"syhyj-
face="Times New Roman Star"c?az?y-
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|as?y-face="Times New Roman Star"z?asy-
face="Times New Roman Star"jas?yq (adj.)


face="Times New Roman Star"z?asy-

face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, ЭСТЯ 4, 20-21, TMN 4, 173.
face="Times New Roman Star"*ki:l/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"sableface="Times New Roman Star"собольface="Times New Roman Star"kis? (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"kis? (MK, KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"kes?face="Times New Roman Star"kis? (MA, Pav. C., Sangl.)face="Times New Roman Star"kis?





face="Times New Roman Star"kis?
face="Times New Roman Star"kъw|s?face="Times New Roman Star"ki:sface="Times New Roman Star"ki:sface="Times New Roman Star"kis?
face="Times New Roman Star"kis?face="Times New Roman Star"kisface="Times New Roman Star"kis, kis?face="Times New Roman Star"kes?




face="Times New Roman Star"kis?face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 272, TMN 3, 664-665, EDT 752, Щербак 1961, 143, ЭСТЯ 5, 77-78, Лексика 162-163, Stachowski 149 (one of the Turk.-Samoyed. contact words; because of the Tungus parallel, probably Turk. > Samoyed., despite Helimski 1995). The Chuvash form reveals irregular vocalism and may in fact reflect a merger with PT *Ku"l/u"l 'rat, mole' (v. sub *k`e>\l/u/). Turk. > Mong. er-kis 'male sable', ebsi-gis 'female sable' (see Clark 1980, 43).
face="Times New Roman Star"*bod-tak
face="Times New Roman Star"young lambface="Times New Roman Star"1 ягненок 2 холостой


face="Times New Roman Star"bujdak 2 (ba"ti барашек < Chuv.?)face="Times New Roman Star"bojdag| (R) 1 молодой баран 2 холостойface="Times New Roman Star"bo.jdo|q 2face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 2



face="Times New Roman Star"postan|, postug| 2face="Times New Roman Star"bojdon| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"pod'ak, dial. put@ 1, козленок **AD

face="Times New Roman Star"bottan| 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bojdok 2face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 1 (валух старше одного года; яловый), 2face="Times New Roman Star"bojdak 2face="Times New Roman Star"bujzaq 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bojdax 2, 'молодой человек'face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 1 (валух старше одного года), 2
face="Times New Roman Star"bojdaq 2face="Times New Roman Star"See VEWT 77-8, Федотов 1 455 **AD. Turk. > Kalm. bojd@g (KW 49), Khalkha, Bur. bojtog 'fur boots'. Shor postan| seems to point to *bod-tak, but this is probably a secondary influence of *bod > pos (the roots are different anyway, being distinguished not only by *-j- *-d-, but also by vowel length). **AD Откуда долгота? Нет никаких оснований. Семантика производящего *bod| - рост, тело, сам, одинокий, холостой, у производного - холостой, молодой баран (в ч-ти шор. postan|, postug|, саг. postan| 'холостой').
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.tku-c?face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"a stinging insectface="Times New Roman Star"кусающее насекомое
face="Times New Roman Star"qatquc? (MK - Argu) 'a thing which stings like a scorpion'











face="Times New Roman Star"xyt-kajъk 'жужелица'













face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 599, ДТС. Cf. also (MK) qod|g|u 'fly'. The Chuvash word is analysed as 'hard-bird' or 'hard-animal', which is probably a folk-etymological reanalysis of *ka.tku-.
face="Times New Roman Star"*o":tu"-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 old 2 old, abandoned house 3 everything old 4 name of the homeland of the Turks ("old country")face="Times New Roman Star"1 старый 2 старое, заброшенное жилище 3 старье 4 назв. местностиface="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ken 4 (Orkh.)face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ken 4 (MK)











face="Times New Roman Star"vadъ 1face="Times New Roman Star"o"to"x 2face="Times New Roman Star"o"to"k 3face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ka"n `name of a mountain ridge in Tuva' (ФиЛ 215)face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ka"n `ровное широкое место на белках, удобное для пастьбы оленей' (ФиЛ 215)









face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 85; ДТС 393; Stachowski 201. Chuv. va- points only to PT *o":-. Turk. > Bur. u"tu"gen `shaman word for earth' > Yak. u"tu"gen 'неизвестная даль; преисподняя' (Пек. III 3195).
face="Times New Roman Star"*ju"m-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"bow, arrowface="Times New Roman Star"лук, стрела













face="Times New Roman Star"s/@w|mren, s/@w|m@w|rlen













face="Times New Roman Star"Федотов 2, 108-109.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bulanface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"elkface="Times New Roman Star"лось
face="Times New Roman Star"bulan 'unicorn from the Kyfchak country' (MK)
face="Times New Roman Star"bolanface="Times New Roman Star"bulan (Ettuhf.), bulnaq (AH) 'onager'face="Times New Roman Star"bulo|n



face="Times New Roman Star"pulanface="Times New Roman Star"pulanface="Times New Roman Star"bulan
face="Times New Roman Star"pъw|lan

face="Times New Roman Star"bulan
face="Times New Roman Star"bulanface="Times New Roman Star"bulanface="Times New Roman Star"bulanface="Times New Roman Star"bolan





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 88, TMN 2, 356, EDT 343, ЭСТЯ 2, 260, Лексика 154. Chinese origin (Щербак 1961, 141-142) is hardly possible; it is curious to note MK's meaning: 'unicorn with its horn collecting snow and rain'. Turk. > Russ. буланый (horse color name)'; > Hung. bo"le/ny 'aurochs', see Gombocz 1912.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bEr-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 southern, right 2 to the South, to the rightface="Times New Roman Star"1 южный, правый 2 к югу, направоface="Times New Roman Star"ber-din 1 (Orkh., OUygh.), beri-je 2, ber-ga"ru" 2 (Orkh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 359,364, 370. The forms ber-din (abl.), ber-ije (adv.), ber-geru" (dir.) - from a spatial noun *ber. The usually related beru" 'this side, here' etc. (EDT 355, ЭСТЯ II 124-125) should be rather kept apart. It is unclear morphologically (be:ru" < ber-ru" seems to be a unique development) and may be derived from the demonstrative bu 'this', just like naru, an|aru, onaru 'that side, there' is derived from the demonstrative stem an- 'that' (see Brockelmann 1954, 134).
face="Times New Roman Star"*jal/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"to close, hideface="Times New Roman Star"закрывать(ся), прятать(ся)face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (OUygh.)face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (AH)

face="Times New Roman Star"jas-face="Times New Roman Star"jas?- (dial.)face="Times New Roman Star"jas?-




face="Times New Roman Star"sas-












face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 192, ЭСТЯ 4, 160-161. Very widely spread are also the derivatives *jal/yn-, *jal/yr-, see ibid.
face="Times New Roman Star"*seb-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"spurge, euphorbiaface="Times New Roman Star"молочай








face="Times New Roman Star"so"v-dek


















face="Times New Roman Star"Attested only in Turkm., but having probable external parallels.
face="Times New Roman Star"*(i)an|yr/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"stubble-fieldface="Times New Roman Star"жнивье, сжатое поле
face="Times New Roman Star"an|yz (MK)

face="Times New Roman Star"an|yz (Sangl.)























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 191-192.
face="Times New Roman Star"*bu"rku"tface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 aquila fulva 2 eagleface="Times New Roman Star"1 беркут 2 орел


face="Times New Roman Star"bu">rki>t 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rku"t (Бор. Бад., Abush., Pav. C.) 2face="Times New Roman Star"burgut 1, 2face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rku"t 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rgu"t 1, 2

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rku"t, mu"rku"t 1
face="Times New Roman Star"p@rg@t 1

face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rgu"t 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rku"t 1face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rki>t 1
face="Times New Roman Star"bu">rku">t 2


face="Times New Roman Star"bu"rkit 1

face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 2, 300, Лексика 169, TMN 2, 331-333. Turk. > Mong. bu"rgu"d 'eagle', Russ. беркут. As suggested in ЭСТЯ the original stem may have been *bu"r- (preserved in Kaz., KKalp. bu"r- 'to grasp prey (of an eagle)').
face="Times New Roman Star"*bul-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 hoar-frost 2 frazil, icy surfaceface="Times New Roman Star"1 изморозь 2 наледь




face="Times New Roman Star"bulduriq 1


face="Times New Roman Star"buldurc?yn 1, buldura- 'to glitter (of dew, hoar-frost)'

face="Times New Roman Star"pulug| 2 (dial., Leb. R)

face="Times New Roman Star"bulu:s 'glacier'
face="Times New Roman Star"buluq 2










face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 38.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Komyl/-face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"1 become drowsy, dry 2 become lean 3 greedyface="Times New Roman Star"1 вянуть, засыхать, становиться вялым 2 худеть, осунуться 3 жадный


face="Times New Roman Star"qomsyz, dial. qomsyq 3









face="Times New Roman Star"xъw|ms?ъw|l- 1face="Times New Roman Star"xomn/uj- 2





face="Times New Roman Star"qomxod| 3





face="Times New Roman Star"ЭСТЯ 6, 147-148.
face="Times New Roman Star"*simekface="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"forest, jungleface="Times New Roman Star"лес, чащаface="Times New Roman Star"simek (OUygh.)



























face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 828-829.
face="Times New Roman Star"*Ka.n/face="Times New Roman Star"Altaic etymologyface="Times New Roman Star"edge, hemface="Times New Roman Star"край, каймаface="Times New Roman Star"qaj (OUygh.) 'cross-road'face="Times New Roman Star"qajyg| (MK) 'a place at an angle from the main road'







face="Times New Roman Star"xaj
face="Times New Roman Star"qajyr 'steep, precipitous'
face="Times New Roman Star"xъjuface="Times New Roman Star"kyjya (Пек.) 'road on the edge of a precipice'
face="Times New Roman Star"xajy: 'located sideways'



face="Times New Roman Star"qajma





face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 221, Федотов 2, 338. Doubts about the OT word see in EDT 674, 676, Clark 1977, 146.
,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,,,,,turcet-atu,turcet-krh,turcet-trk,turcet-tat,turcet-chg,turcet-uzb,turcet-uig,turcet-sjg,turcet-azb,turcet-trm,turcet-hak,turcet-shr,turcet-alt,,turcet-chv,turcet-jak,,turcet-tuv,turcet-tof,turcet-krg,turcet-kaz,,turcet-bas,,,,,turcet-sal,turcet-qum,,
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